This document provides an overview of mankind's use of natural resources through various industries. It discusses primary industries like agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining which extract raw materials from the earth. It then covers secondary industries like construction and manufacturing which process these raw materials into finished goods. Finally, it outlines tertiary industries like services, trade, finance, and government which facilitate commerce and economic activity. The document examines different economic systems and provides context on how industries have developed throughout history to support mankind.

1. Industry: Mankind’s use of
God’s Resources

2. 
One part of the Creation Mandate to
Adam is control over every animal
and every plant. God intended
Adam to be the caretaker of the
world that He had created. God
intends for man to make the world
more productive and more beautiful.

3. 
Industry
Industry – often described as man’s “hard
work” to make a living.
Industry is either primary, secondary, or
tertiary.

4. 
The most basic form of industry--
Taking materials from the earth that
are needed for food, clothes and
shelter.
Agriculture Fishing Forestry
Mining
Primary

5. 

6. 
Primary industry does not change
the form of natural resources.
EX: Grain & Cows
NOT
Flour & Hamburgers

7. 
In the past….
Subsistence farmers – They grew
enough to meet their own needs.
They also made their own
clothing, furniture and homes.
Farming

8. 
Some subsistence farmers actually
raised a cash crop such as rice or
corn to sell. This income usually does
NOT provide enough food for the
household.

9. 
…Later…
Agriculture revolution allowed farmers
to produce more – Commercial farmers -
raised large cash crops for profit and
others were able to pursue other trades
and
professions…..teaching, manufacturing, a
rtists…

10. 
Drought
Disease
Insect plagues
Weather
Erosion
Challenges:

11. 
Irrigation
Insecticides
Crop breeding
Modern techniques:

12. 
Nomadic Herding – common in rugged
mountains and dry areas where regular
farming is difficult.
Nomads move constantly in search of
fresh pastures.
Animal Husbandry

13. 
Many nomadic people became raiders
and conquerors.
Huns – Central Asia
Sioux – North America
Masai – East Africa
Made clothing and shelter from animal
skins

14. In the 18th century, Europeans
developed ranching. Landowners
let their cattle roam on big tracts
of land. In America, ranchers let
their cattle run free on “open
range” owned by the
government (no one had claim
on the land).

15. 
Fishing, forestry and mining
extract natural resources.
Fishing provides food.
Forestry provides wood for
homes, furniture and paper.
Fishing and Forestry

16. 
Seafood is the world’s second largest
export commodity, oil is the first.
Two varieties of seafood;
Fish
Seaweed

17. 
Two methods of obtaining the
seafood:
Capture – Gathered in the wild
Aquaculture – cultivation in a
controlled environment

18. 
China produces the greatest
amount of fish.
Japan consumes the largest
amount of fish.

19. 
Seafood is produced primarily
for food, but some is used to
obtain extracts used to make
fertilizers, animal food
additives, fuels, cosmetics and
wastewater treatments.

20. 
The seafood industry has come
under fire from conservation groups.
It is important to meet man’s
needs, and still protect the
environment and all species who live
in it.

21. 
Products:
Fruit – nuts, food products
Leaves - furniture polish, car wax,
crayons, lipstick, medicine,
fragrances
…
Forestry

22. 
Branches: chemicals, plastics, paper
products
Bark: medicine, mulch, dyes, shoe
polish
Trunk: furniture, musical
instruments, plywood, baseball
bats, charcoal.
…

23. 
Sap: adhesives, ice cream, hair
spray, soaps, cough
syrups, cough drops, shampoo
Stumps: wood
resin, turpentine, pine
cleaners, laundry
detergents, sports drinks.
…

24. 
Mining has surpassed
agriculture, fishing and forestry –
modern countries spend a large
amount of money on
metals, nonmetal minerals and fossil
fuels.
Mining

25. 
Solid crystals that occur
naturally and have a
definite chemical
composition.
Found in the earth’s crust.
Minerals

26. 
Metals are the most important mineral.
Properties: shiny, malleable, ductile, and
conductive.
* malleable – able to be hammered
into sheets
* ductile – able to be drawn into wire
* conductive – able to conduct
electricity
Metals

27. 
The first metal worker
was Tubal-cain, a
descendant of Cain
(Genesis 4:22)

28. 
Archeologists sometimes divide
ancient civilizations into 3 periods
that reflect man’s increasing skill
with metals:
Stone/copper
Bronze
Iron Age

29. 
Three types of metal
Precious
Common
Alloys

30. 
Precious metals such as
gold, silver, and platinum are more
valuable than other metal
products.
They are considered precious because
of their beauty, durability, and
trade value.

31. 
Common metals are mined in
great quantity from the earth’s
surface. Three have been used
since ancient times:
Copper Lead Iron

32. 
Copper is a native metal, like silver
and gold that can be found in pure
nuggets.
Once used to make weapons, but it is
very soft.
Most common current use is in the
electric industry.

33. 
Lead is extracted from an ore
called galena.
Lead was originally used by
artists to make statues.
It is now the main ingredient in
car batteries.

34. 
Aluminum is a fourth common metal
that was too difficult to separate
from its natural form of bauxite.
It is light weight and resistant to
corrosion – therefore ideal for
cars, aircraft and other machines.

35. 
The other six common metals are
chrome, manganese, zinc, nickel,
tin and tungsten are not usually
used by themselves, but
combined with one or more of
the first metals.

36. 
Alloys are formed when other
metals are combined.
Copper and tin form bronze.
Copper and zinc make brass.

37. 
Steel is the most important alloy. It is
formed by combining iron with the
carbon in coal.
Nearly all of the world’s iron ore is
now turned into steel.

38. 
Limestone – used to make
cement, mortar and concrete.
Sulfur – used to make
gunpowder and to process
petroleum and steel, to produce
fertilizer, to vulcanize rubber and
to make matches.
Non-Metal Minerals

39. 
Other minerals….
Clay, sand, granite, marble, slate,
sandstone, salt, and graphite.
Uranium was used to make the
first atomic bomb.
Nonmetal Minerals cont…

40. 
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are not
minerals but the remains of living things.
The floodwaters trapped plants and
animals beneath layers of sedimentary
rock. The pressure changed the organic
matter into fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuels

41. 
Coal is solid rock that occurs in various
levels of quality.
Burned for heat - once used in making
coke - a necessary ingredient in steel.
Coal

42. 
Petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel.
Pitch, used by Noah, was a form
of petroleum.

43. 
Natural gas is a fossil fuel found in
gaseous form.
Fuel for furnaces, water
heaters, dryers and ovens.

44. 
Taking raw materials
and changing them into
useful form.
Two Types:
Construction & Manufacturing
Secondary

45. 
Construction
Cain built the first city – we are
uncertain what materials he used.
The first great structure mentioned is
the tower of Babel, made of brick
and mortar.

46. 
Manufacturing
Manufacturing originally meant “to
make by hand”.
Manufacturing now refers to big
business and machines that turn
raw materials into new products
on a massive scale.

47. 
Industrial Revolution – period of
radical change in modern industry.
Began in the textile industry.

48. 
Technology – the application of
science to industry.
Key breakthrough – harnessing
electricity .
Allowed industry to move away
from rivers and place factories
anywhere.
“second revolution”

49. 
Computer age.
Robotics and computers make
industry so efficient that fewer
workers are needed.
People are now free to find jobs “off
the farm and factory”…
“third revolution”

50. 
Nondurable manufacturing –
produces products that last less than
a year.
food, fuels, chemicals, tobacco
products, and more consumable
products.

51. 
Durable manufacturing – makes
products that last more than a year.
Furniture, housing materials,
machines and other equipment

52. 
Service industry – Approximately 80% of
America’s workers are employed in this type of
industry.
The more developed a country becomes, the
more of its workers move to tertiary industries.
Tertiary Industries

53. 
Infrastructure – basic energy and
equipment needs of all industries
Divided into three types:
Utilities transportation
communication

54. 
Utilities –
electricity, gas, water, trash
collection and sewage disposal
services.
90% of the world’s energy comes
from fossil fuels.

55. 
Water, land and
air.
Modes of Transportation

56. 
Print and electronic
Communication

57. 
Wholesale or retail
Trade

58. 
Finance – modern banking
– insurance – real estate –
investments
Finance

59. 
Maids, mechanics, nurses, teachers, z
ookeepers, engineers, lawyers, resea
rchers, computer programmers, and
repair technicians.
General Services

60. 
The fifth form of tertiary industry.
Policemen, lawmakers, judges, burea
ucrats, clerks, soldiers….
Government

61. 
The study of the process by
which people and countries
make choices regarding their
resources, development and
distribution of those
resources, goods and services.
Economics

62. 
The Creator owns all of the earth’s
resources. Man is merely His
steward.
Decisions for the use of His
resources should be considered in
light of that fact.

63. 
Governments of the world are
generally classified as
capitalist, socialist, or mixed
economies.

64. 
Most of the western countries
follow a system of capitalism.
This means that private
individuals or corporations build
most industry and risk their own
capital.
Capitalists

65. 
Capital – Money and equipment necessary to
build industries.
Free market – anyone can start a business and
attempt to make a profit.
Entrepreneurs – people who take a risk to start
a business.

66. 
The government owns the major
industries and promises to make
decisions for the good of everyone. The
government controls all aspects of the
business.
Socialism

67. 
Communism is the most extreme form of
socialism. The government owns
everything.

68. 
Most of the socialist governments
that collapsed in the late 80’s and
early 90’s have attempted to combine
both economies. Private citizens can
own property and businesses, but
the government closely regulates
their choices.
Mixed Economies

69. 
Wealth is the ability to produce new
things.
The most common way to measure the
wealth of a country is the Gross Domestic
Product (GPD).

70. 
The GPD is the monetary value
of ALL the goods and services
produced for sale within a
country’s borders over the course
of a year.

71. 
A more meaningful measure is a per
capita GPD.
This is the average value of products
produced by each person in the
country.

72. 
A high per capita GPD does not
mean that a country has a lot of
industry or that the average
worker makes a lot of money.

73. 
Development – the
effective use of raw
materials, labor, and
capital.

74. 
Countries with productive
economies can afford to buy
weapons and influence neighbors
with their money. The leaders of
these eight countries – Group 8 or G8
- meet in a different country every
year to resolve economic and
political disputes.

75. 
The G8 countries are developed countries
with a wide variety of industry.
China and several other big nations are
not included in the G8. They have a high
GDP, but they are considered
“developing countries.”

76. 
Developed countries have a
division of labor that places most
of the labor force in the tertiary
industry.
Developing countries have
relatively few jobs available in
the tertiary area.

77. 
For a government to be a fair and
stable, it must be good.
In Proverbs, God states that rulers
who obey His law will enjoy stability
and peace. (Proverbs 16:12; 20:28;
25:5; 28:2; 29:4,14)

78. 
Market-people or businesses that
buy products.
Exports – shipped out
Imports – shipped in

79. 
Tariffs – taxes on imports and
exports.
Embargo – ban on importing or
exporting certain products or
trading with a particular country.

80. 
Protectionism – the belief that the
government should restrict foreign
imports because they take away domestic
jobs.
Free trade – imposing no or low
tariffs…retailers have the freedom to sell
any product the consumers want.