The document discusses the physical geography of Africa, including its various landforms and climate regions. It notes that Africa has spectacular scenery shaped by tectonic plate movement, including rift valleys and volcanic mountains. Major physical features include large lakes like Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Malawi, as well as significant rivers like the Congo, Niger, and Zambezi. The climate varies significantly from tropical rainforests near the equator to savannas and steppes in the midlatitudes to deserts in the north. Human activities like deforestation and overgrazing have exacerbated desertification in places like the Sahel region.

1. By Jack Garrity

2.  Pages 510-514

3.  Why study Africa’s geography?

4.  Why study African Geography?
 It is the second largest continent and has more than ¼
of the world’s fresh water, and makes most of the air
we breath.
 I has some of the most spectacular geography in the
world.
 It is has the most animals of any continent.
 It supplies diamonds, uranium, and oil to the world.

7.  What physical processes shape the Africa’s
geography?

8.  Africa south of the Sahara is a region of step-
like plateaus, rising to mountains and slashed
in the east by a rift valley, which was formed by
shifting tectonic plates.

9.  Africa is the second biggest continent, 11,677,239
square miles total, 9.5 million below the Sahara.

10.  The USA area is 3.80 million square miles.

11.  The USA area is 3.80 million square miles.

12.  Goes from Syria to Mozambique.

14.  A rift valley is a large depression in the earth
surface made by moving plates.

15.  A rift valley is a large depression in the earth
surface made by moving plates.

16.  Volcanic Mountains
are on its edges.

17.  The most famous and tallest Kilimanjaro

18.  Deep lakes on its west
side.

19.  Lake Taganyika is the
longest and deepest
lake in the world.

20.  Lake Taganyika is the
longest and 2nd
deepest lake in the
world.
418 miles long, 4,820 ft deep

21.  Lake Taganyika is the longest and 2nd deepest lake
in the world.
418 miles long, 4,820 ft deep

22.  300 miles Las Vegas to Huntington Beach
California/ Lake Taganyika 118 miles longer.

23.  Most of Africa has plateaus that start at 500 feet
in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east

24.  Most of Africa has plateaus that start at 500 feet
in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east

25.  Most of Africa has plateaus that start at 500 feet
in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east

26.  Most of Africa has plateaus that start at 500 feet
in the West and rise to 8,000 feet in the east

27.  The edges end in escarpments within 20 miles
of the coasts.

28.  escarpment
 a long, steep slope, especially one at the edge of
a plateau or separating areas of land at
different heights.

29.  escarpa
 Pendiente o declive pronunciado de un terreno:
para subir esa escarpa se necesita un calzado
adecuado.
 Plano inclinado que forma la muralla de
algunas fortificaciones.

30.  Rivers crossing these escarpments make spectacular
cataracts.

31.  cataract
 A large or high waterfall.

32.  Volcanic mountains dot the Eastern Highlands.

33.  The

34.  The Ruwenzori Mountains divide Uganda and the DR
of Congo.

35.  Nicknamed “the mountains of the Moon”

36.  Nicknamed “the mountains of the Moon”

37.  The Drakensberg Mountains rise in South Africa and
end in the southern escapement edge of the
continent.

38.  The Drakensberg Mountains rise in South Africa and
end in the southern escapement edge of the
continent.

39.  The Drakensberg Mountains rise in South Africa and
end in the southern escapement edge of the
continent.

40.  Landforms and physical processes have influenced
the region’s water systems, which include deep
lakes, spectacular waterfalls, and great rivers.

41.  Lake Malawi, like Lake Tanganyika, follow the
Great Rift Valley.

42.  Lake Malawi, like Lake Tanganyika, follow the
Great Rift Valley.

43.  Lake Victoria (the source of the White Nile river) is the
largest lake in Africa, second largest in the world.

44.  Lake Victoria

45.  What is the largest lake in the world?

46.  What is the largest lake in the world? Lake
Superior USA

47.  These lakes are important sources of food.

48.  Lake Chad is shrinking.

49.  Long periods of drought have made it smaller.

50.  The water is evaporated by the hot sun and seeps
into the ground.

51.  Farmers use too much of its water and global
warming doesn’t help.

52.  The drought has caused desertification of the
area.

53.  Desertification
 The land change from livable land to desert.

54.  la Desertificación consiste en una degradación
persistente de los ecosistemas de las tierras
secas producida por las variaciones climáticas y
la actividad del hombre.

55.  Lake Volta is one of the largest human made
lakes in the world.

56.  Like Lake Mead, it makes electricity . It also
provides water for farmers in Ghana.

57.  The Niger River (great river) runs for 2,600
miles.

58.  It splits into a 150 mile delta at Aboh.

59.  Delta A triangle shaped end or mouth of a
river.

60.  The Zambezi River runs 2,200 miles to the
Indian Ocean.

61.  It has many cataracts or waterfalls.

62.  The most famous Victoria Falls, which is 355
feet tall.

64.  The Congo River runs 2700 miles, the last part
an estuary 7 miles wide.

65.  Estuary: a place where fresh and salt water
meet.

67.  Boats can use most parts of the Congo.

68.  Boats can use most parts of the Congo.

69.  But it does have waterfalls 900 feet tall not far
from the Atlantic Ocean.

70.  Nigeria, Angola, Gaban, Congo and Cameroon
have oil.

71.  South Africa has half the world’s gold and a lot
of uranium.

72.  Diamonds and gems are found throughout the
southern part of the continent.

73.  In many places in Africa south of the Sahara, water is
such a precious resource that rain and life are on and
the same.

74.  The region’s location near the Equator influences its
climate.

75.  Warm temperatures with more than 60 inches of rain a
year. Las Vegas receives 4.19 inches of rain a year.

76.  It rains all year round, sometimes more sometimes
less.

77.  Shrubs, ferns, and mosses grow from 6-10 feet tall.

78.  Palms and trees 60 feet tall.

79.  Palms and trees 60 feet tall.

80.  Leafy trees up to 150 feet tall.

81.  Orchids and ferns grow everywhere.

83.  Tropical Wet (Rainforest)
HDTV.BBC.Planet.Earth.08of11.Jungles.720p.Xvid.Ac3.www.mvgroup.org.wmv

84.  Bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea, coffee, and
cotton grow well.

85.  Farmers clearing land for those cash crops
threaten the rain forest.

86.  Tropical grasslands called Savanna cover
almost half of Africa.

87.  Tropical grasslands called Savanna cover
almost half of Africa.

88.  The African savanna has a relatively moderate
temperature with it not going over 86° F and not
going under 68° F

89.  Savannas get 35-100 inches of rain a year

90.  Savannas have a 6 month rainy season and 6
months dry season.

91.  During the wet season, May to November, the
savanna receives a total of up to 100 inches of rain..

93.  Cool humid wind blows from the south west.

94.  Hot dry winds called harmattan from the
Sahara blow south west.

95.  Tornados are formed when the two meet
sometimes.

96.  Tall grasses with some trees cover Savannah.

97.  The Serengeti Plain has millions of animals
such as zebras, gazelles, lions, giraffes, and
cheetahs.

98.  Serengeti
 D:Vuze DownloadsBBC.Africa.2of6.Savannah.720p.HDTV.x264.AC3.MVGroup.org.mkv

100.  Away from the Equator, tropical climates fade
to semi arid steppe then deserts.

101.  Between tropical dry and desert climate.

102.  The northern steppe is called the Sahel.

103.  The Sahel gests 4-5 inches of rain a year in June
and July, which grows short grasses.

104.  Over the past 50 years desertification has dried out
the Sahel.

105.  Global warming and human land use do not
help.

106.  People cutting down trees and big herds of
livestock help desertification.

107.  By 2000, African countries joined the United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
to make laws to protect the environment.

108.  The Namib Desert

110.  The Kalahari desert.

113.  South Africa has a Mediterranean climate.

114.  Like Morocco, South Africa has a Mediterranean
climate.

115.  Comfortable temperatures all year round.

116.  With enough rainfall for farming.

118.  end