Genetic transcription plays an important role in medicine. A new study found that in bacteria, damage to DNA from stressors can occur when the replisome collides with the RNA polymerase, generating breaks in DNA strands. This reveals that RNA polymerase may be responsible for genomic instability. Researchers also discovered a specific genetic signature in arterial plaques that is linked to stroke. Identifying these genetic signatures may help develop new treatments by allowing researchers to determine which plaques are dangerous. Understanding genetic transcription and how diseases relate to alterations in DNA can help prevent and treat human diseases.