The document discusses two scientific studies investigating methods to inhibit DNA replication:
1) A 2017 study found that the bacterial toxin yatakemycin prevents DNA replication by forming strong bonds between DNA strands. This could potentially treat cancers and illnesses.
2) A second 2017 study identified a new antibiotic, closthioamide, that shows promise in treating gonorrhea. It inhibits DNA gyrase to block replication in Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria. Both studies explore new approaches to targeting DNA replication that could expand treatment options.
Introduction to Genetic Material, Physical and Chemical properties of the same and various types of coiling mechanisms as well as information about chromosomal and extra-chromosomal DNA.
We know that DNA is located in the nucleus, but not all the actions are performed there. Therefore, must be an intermediary that helps the DNA in the transport of the information from the nucleus to cytoplasm.
The intermediary is the RNA that allows to carry it to the cytoplasm for begin with the synthesis of proteins.
The procedure in that the RNA allows the protein's synthesis is the genetic code, which is organized of a way where three nucleotides can do an aminoacid.
But there are cases when some kinds of organism don´t have the same way to do this process, like the virus, retrovirus and prions.
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validationSana Rubab
this ppt will help you in studying genetic engineering, its introduction, history, basics, methods and procedures, QC validation, future perspectives and applications.
Introduction to Genetic Material, Physical and Chemical properties of the same and various types of coiling mechanisms as well as information about chromosomal and extra-chromosomal DNA.
We know that DNA is located in the nucleus, but not all the actions are performed there. Therefore, must be an intermediary that helps the DNA in the transport of the information from the nucleus to cytoplasm.
The intermediary is the RNA that allows to carry it to the cytoplasm for begin with the synthesis of proteins.
The procedure in that the RNA allows the protein's synthesis is the genetic code, which is organized of a way where three nucleotides can do an aminoacid.
But there are cases when some kinds of organism don´t have the same way to do this process, like the virus, retrovirus and prions.
genetic engineering, future perspectives and QC validationSana Rubab
this ppt will help you in studying genetic engineering, its introduction, history, basics, methods and procedures, QC validation, future perspectives and applications.
Promise Seen in Antisense Medicine and Neutralizing Harmful GenesGatewayAvenue
By Marilyn Chase
Illustration by Michael Reingold
August 22, 1988
Article includes, in order mentioned:
Thomas Rogers, Monsanto scientist
Michael L Riordan, the founder and CEO of Gilead Sciences
Samuel Broder, National Cancer Institute associate director
Claude Helene, scientist at France’s National Institute for Health and Medical Research
Paul Miller, Johns Hopkins professor
Laure Aurelian, University of Maryland professor
Jack Cohen, National Cancer Institute scientist
Makoto Matsukura, National Cancer Institute scientist
Len Neckers, National Cancer Institute scientist
Peter Dervan, California Institute of Technology professor
Douglas Melton, Harvard professor
Hal Weintraub, Hutchinson Cancer Research Center principal scientist
Cellular defense against fatal associations between proteins
and DNA
Date:
July 3, 2014
DNA 'replication fork' reconstituted for the first time
Date:
July 9, 2014
I will show some news that are important to the understanding of the importance of the genetic transcription and how it provides important tools to the actual medicine
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. D N AD N A
R E P L I C A T I O NR E P L I C A T I O N
Yasser Isaac Arana Escandón.
Molecular Biology
Professor: Lina Martinez
B I B L I O G R A P H YB I B L I O G R A P H Y
• Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria.
Biologia Molecular. 7 ed. Medellin:
UPB. Fac. Medicina
• Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular
Biology of the cell. 5th ed. New
York-EEUU.
• Salisbury, D. Vanderbilt University.
2017, August 1st. Vanderbilt
researchers unravel how bacterial
toxin prevents DNA replication.
Retrieved from:
https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2017/
08/01/deciphering-potent-dna-
toxins-secrets/
• Miari VF, Solanki P, Hleba Y, et al.
August 7th 2017. In vitro
susceptibility to closthioamide
among clinical and reference strains
of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother.
Retrieved from:
http://aac.asm.org/content/early/2
017/08/01/AAC.00929-
17.full.pdf+html
MEDICAL UTILITYMEDICAL UTILITY
Everybody know cancer is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Actually it is the
second leading cause of death globally
and all of us are exposed to have it.
Furthermore we are surrounded by another
common disease like gonorrhea. We know
that in the last 20 years this illness have
been common in our young people because
they are starting their sexual life earlier
than before but irresponsibly.
That’s why these investigations contribute
to have a new way to “attack” this cellular
proliferation working with DNA replication.
3. I N T R O D U C T I O NI N T R O D U C T I O N
All organisms must duplicate their
DNA with extraordinary accuracy
before each cell division. DNA
replication is the process by which a
double-stranded DNA molecule is
copied to produce two identical DNA
molecules. Replication is an essential
process because, whenever a cell
divides, the two new daughter cells
must contain the same genetic
information, or DNA, as the parent
cell.
How bacterial toxinHow bacterial toxin
prevents DNA replication.prevents DNA replication.
One of the most potent toxins known acts by welding
the two strands of the famous double helix together
in a unique fashion to protect their DNA.
How do they know it?How do they know it?
The authors took some members
of the Streptomyces family of soil
bacteria and discovered some
benefits they can have with human
health.
What did they find?What did they find?
They found that this kind of
bacterias produce a very
particular toxin named
yatakemycin, which is going to
be a great discoverment and
useful in treatments of some
illnesses.
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
Discovering this new
sustance, it could be a great
advance, because authors
consider and know that it has
some antifungal and
antimicrobial properties,
which can be used to enlarge
they ways of treatments and
medication.
New antibiotic class shows
promise against
gonorrhea.
Researchers have found a new antibiotic that may
have the potential to treat gonorrhea, according to
a study published recently in Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy.
What did they find?What did they find?
This group of researchersThis group of researchers
worked with an anaerobicworked with an anaerobic
bacterium and theybacterium and they
isolated a special antibioticisolated a special antibiotic
and discovered it has highand discovered it has high
in vitro activity againstin vitro activity against
other AMR microoganismsother AMR microoganisms
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
This investigation gives toThis investigation gives to
the people some hope,the people some hope,
because actually we arebecause actually we are
having a really bad use ofhaving a really bad use of
antibiotics, and that’s whyantibiotics, and that’s why
a lot of microorganism area lot of microorganism are
creating so muchcreating so much
resistance. Making themresistance. Making them
undestroyable.undestroyable.
4. I N T R O D U C T I O NI N T R O D U C T I O N
All organisms must duplicate their
DNA with extraordinary accuracy
before each cell division. DNA
replication is the process by which a
double-stranded DNA molecule is
copied to produce two identical DNA
molecules. Replication is an essential
process because, whenever a cell
divides, the two new daughter cells
must contain the same genetic
information, or DNA, as the parent
cell.
I N T R O D U C T I OI N T R O D U C T I O
NN
In
the eukaryotic cell
cycle, chromosome
duplication occurs
during "S phase"
DNA Replication is a cellular process which happens in 4 basics
steps: Replication fork formation, primer binding, elongation and
termination.
DNA
helicase
DNA
primase
DNA
polymerases
Exonucleases
DNA
ligase
DNA
gyrase
5. How bacterial toxinHow bacterial toxin
prevents DNA replication.prevents DNA replication.
One of the most potent toxins known acts by welding
the two strands of the famous double helix together
in a unique fashion to protect their DNA.
How do they know it?How do they know it?
The authors took some members
of the Streptomyces family of soil
bacteria and discovered some
benefits they can have with human
health.
What did they find?What did they find?
They found that this kind of
bacterias produce a very
particular toxin named
yatakemycin, which is going to
be a great discoverment and
useful in treatments of some
illnesses.
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
Discovering this new
sustance, it could be a great
advance, because authors
consider and know that it has
some antifungal and
antimicrobial properties,
which can be used to enlarge
they ways of treatments and
medication.
2017, August 1st
Bacterial toxin named yatakemycin (YMT) prevents DNA replication.
6. YTM is produced by some members of
the Streptomyces family of soil bacteria to kill
competing strains of bacteria. It has some properties
which are being used or tested for cancer
chemotherapy because their toxicity is extremely
effective against tumor cells.
Streptomyces
8. This toxin forms a single covalent bond and a
large number of weaker, polar interactions.
As a result, it stabilizes the DNA instead of
destabilizing it, and it does so without
distorting the DNA structure.
9. STUDENT OPINIONSTUDENT OPINION
I consider this investigation is going
through an awesome way. Cancer is
the second leading cause of death
globally, and that’s why another
possibility it’s always welcomed.
Stoping DNA replication by using a
new discoverment means increase life
expectancy of people who suffer it.
10. 2017, August 7th
Researchers have found a new antibiotic that may
have the potential to treat gonorrhea, according to
a study published recently in Antimicrobial Agents
and Chemotherapy.
What did they find?What did they find?
This group of researchersThis group of researchers
worked with an anaerobicworked with an anaerobic
bacterium and theybacterium and they
isolated a special antibioticisolated a special antibiotic
and discovered it has highand discovered it has high
in vitro activity againstin vitro activity against
other AMR microoganismsother AMR microoganisms
Student’s opinion.Student’s opinion.
This investigation gives toThis investigation gives to
the people some hope,the people some hope,
because actually we arebecause actually we are
having a really bad use ofhaving a really bad use of
antibiotics, and that’s whyantibiotics, and that’s why
a lot of microorganism area lot of microorganism are
creating so muchcreating so much
resistance. Making themresistance. Making them
undestroyable.undestroyable.
New antibiotic class shows
promise against
gonorrhea.
11. Since the discovery of penicillin
N. gonorrhoeae has developed
resistance to every therapeutic
antimicrobial agent used.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one
of the most important
antimicrobial resistance (AMR )
threats worldwide.
12. Closthioamide represents a
new class of natural
polythioamide antibiotics
and has been shown to
have high in vitro activity
against other AMR
microorganism. Its mode of
action is thought to be
inhibition of DNA gyrase.
13. Which also have DNA
gyrase inhibition property,
but also on topoisomerase.
All of this in pro of
reducing the DNA
replication of Neisseria
Gonorrhoeae.
CTA apart of the
influence in DNA gyrase,
they also found it
receives a
kind of help
of
fluoroquinol
ones
People
between
15-40 years
are the
most
affected
14. STUDENT OPINIONSTUDENT OPINION
This investigation gives to the people
some hope, because actually we are
having a really bad use of antibiotics,
and that’s why a lot of microorganism
are creating so much resistance
making them undestroyable.
Scientists are considering this
discoverement is really serious and it
has a lot of chanches against N.
Gonorrhoeae.
15. MEDICAL UTILITYMEDICAL UTILITY
Everybody know cancer is one of the
leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Actually it is the
second leading cause of death globally
and all of us are exposed to have it.
Furthermore we are surrounded by another
common disease like gonorrhea. We know
that in the last 20 years this illness have
been common in our young people because
they are starting their sexual life earlier
than before but irresponsibly.
That’s why these investigations contribute
to have a new way to “attack” this cellular
proliferation working with DNA replication.
16. DNA replication its a key partDNA replication its a key part
of biological processesof biological processes
which scientists and peoplewhich scientists and people
in charge of healthcare havein charge of healthcare have
to consider because it couldto consider because it could
be a great chance tobe a great chance to
respond or to block therespond or to block the
celular proliferation, in somecelular proliferation, in some
illnesses like cancer andillnesses like cancer and
others, where this replicationothers, where this replication
is mortal.is mortal.
17. According to the National Cancer
institute: “The most common cancers
in 2016 were cáncer of: breast, lung,
bronchus, prostate, colon, leukemia,
kidney and others”. As we saw it, this
patology can affect a lot of our
systems and organs. So, if we develop
and go deeper in studies of DNA
replication, we could help and treat a
lot of illnesses, that is to say, it has a
very great field of action.
18. Irresponsability, disorder and
uncontrolled sexual life is the reality of
our youth people nowadays. This
disconcerting scenario brings a lot of
serious illnesses, like Gonorrhea.
Actually we are not having a good
management of antibiotics, and
people are using them uncorrectly.
Professionals have to educate their
patients to take the antibiotics exactly
the time doctor said and don’t stop it
before. And that’s a reason why N.
Gonorrhoeae created a lot of
resistance to antibiotics, and this new
discoverement is important because is
another way or possibility to treat it.
Antibiotics
resistance
19. • Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biologia
Molecular. 7 ed. Medellin: UPB. Fac.
Medicina
• Alberts, Bruce, et al. Molecular Biology of
the cell. 5th ed. New York-EEUU.
• Salisbury, D. Vanderbilt University. 2017,
August 1st. Vanderbilt researchers unravel
how bacterial toxin prevents DNA
replication. Retrieved from:
https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2017/08/01/
deciphering-potent-dna-toxins-secrets/
• Miari VF, Solanki P, Hleba Y, et al. August 7th
2017. In vitro susceptibility to
closthioamide among clinical and reference
strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Retrieved
from:
http://aac.asm.org/content/early/2017/08
/01/AAC.00929-17.full.pdf+html