This presentation is all about generic medicines.How it works in India its benefits and how one can make people aware about by the usage of these instead of branded ones.
This slide contains what is generic drug, what is advantages & disadvantages,reason behind unpopularity of generic drug in India, why generic drugs are important in India, why there is a need of generic drug policy, who are the regulatory authority, what are the act & laws, what policy existing in India for generic drug then Conclusion.
This slide contains what is generic drug, what is advantages & disadvantages,reason behind unpopularity of generic drug in India, why generic drugs are important in India, why there is a need of generic drug policy, who are the regulatory authority, what are the act & laws, what policy existing in India for generic drug then Conclusion.
1.Patients have poor or no knowledge of the price variations among branded and generic medicines, and leave the choice of the medicine to the doctor.
2.The government must take up generic promotional schemes, general awareness programs on quality of generics to build confidence among prescribers, pharmacists, and consumers.
Generic Drugs having low cost. We should know about world drug scenario. In our daily life, we must concern with doctors and take drugs for cure. But we are not aware about drugs.We should know about drugs, not to become a Doctor, but for general awareness or at least to know what we are taking for our helth.
This is to deal with UG Pharmacology entry label practical To know what are the various sources of drug information.
To select the appropriate source depending on the information.
To discuss briefly the role of electronic media in medicine.
A simple and essential guide to obtain a drug manufacturing license for ayurvedic medicine. It covers procedure, minimum requirements, documents & affidavits and all other necessities.
Introduction Central Drug Testing Laboratories & Responsibilities
Role of Central Drugs Testing Laboratory
No of laboratories in India, No of laboratories in each State
Presented by
J. Vinay Krishna
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT – CHAPTER -1................... (1).pptSumit Tiwari
A community pharmacy, often referred to as retail pharmacy or retail drug outlets, is places where medicines are stored and dispensed, supplied or sold
PHARMACIST ROLE IN COMMUNITY PHARMACY , OTC GUIDELINES , PRESCRIPTION PRECAU...VENKATA RAMA RAO NALLANI
IT has covered choice medicine by cost ,taste, safety, Prescription precautions, COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACIST RESPONSIBILITIES IN IN PATIENT CARE
Presentation on what are essential medicines and components of access to essential medicines by Denis Kibira, HEPS Uganda and Patrick Mubangizi, HAI-Africa during the MeTA Uganda CSO workshop in April 2009.
1.Patients have poor or no knowledge of the price variations among branded and generic medicines, and leave the choice of the medicine to the doctor.
2.The government must take up generic promotional schemes, general awareness programs on quality of generics to build confidence among prescribers, pharmacists, and consumers.
Generic Drugs having low cost. We should know about world drug scenario. In our daily life, we must concern with doctors and take drugs for cure. But we are not aware about drugs.We should know about drugs, not to become a Doctor, but for general awareness or at least to know what we are taking for our helth.
This is to deal with UG Pharmacology entry label practical To know what are the various sources of drug information.
To select the appropriate source depending on the information.
To discuss briefly the role of electronic media in medicine.
A simple and essential guide to obtain a drug manufacturing license for ayurvedic medicine. It covers procedure, minimum requirements, documents & affidavits and all other necessities.
Introduction Central Drug Testing Laboratories & Responsibilities
Role of Central Drugs Testing Laboratory
No of laboratories in India, No of laboratories in each State
Presented by
J. Vinay Krishna
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND MANAGEMENT – CHAPTER -1................... (1).pptSumit Tiwari
A community pharmacy, often referred to as retail pharmacy or retail drug outlets, is places where medicines are stored and dispensed, supplied or sold
PHARMACIST ROLE IN COMMUNITY PHARMACY , OTC GUIDELINES , PRESCRIPTION PRECAU...VENKATA RAMA RAO NALLANI
IT has covered choice medicine by cost ,taste, safety, Prescription precautions, COMMUNITY PHARMACY AND CLINICAL PHARMACIST RESPONSIBILITIES IN IN PATIENT CARE
Presentation on what are essential medicines and components of access to essential medicines by Denis Kibira, HEPS Uganda and Patrick Mubangizi, HAI-Africa during the MeTA Uganda CSO workshop in April 2009.
A generic drug is identical -- or bioequivalent -- to a brand name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended use.
PYA Healthcare Thought Leader Explores Ten Technology “Game Changers”PYA, P.C.
PYA Principal Kent Bottles, MD, who is also Chief Medical Officer of PYA Analytics, was a recent guest speaker at Community Hospital 100, a gathering of community healthcare executives and visionaries. His presentation, “Ten Innovations That Will Change the Game for Community Hospitals,” outlined technological advances from “big data” to gamification, 3D biological printing to mobile medicine.
A Comparative Study of Cost Effectiveness of Ibuprofen Suspensions with Other...iosrjce
The use of medicines in our society follows no rules and ethics however there are detail regulations
available for this. Both patients and general physicians are responsible for this trend. Patients from middle to
lower class are affected by high cost of medicine this is the reason they tend to buy medicine of cheap price and
sometime agree to compromise with quality of medicines. On the other hand general physicians are influenced
by the unethical pressure of pharmaceutical companies. In this study similar problem is addressed and detailed
investigation has been performed. This study revealed the trends in the prescription of medicine addressing pain
and fever mostly relevant to children by general physicians. This is a survey based research and analysis which
showed that general physicians are influenced by the brand and the manufacturer’s name.
A comparison between two medicines namely Ibuprofen and Paracetamol was also discussed which are
commonly prescribed by the general physician for the management of pain and fever in children.. Although both
are regarded as alternate to each other, as reveled from the survey but an Ibuprofen brand is prescribed more
than the other brands. There are many factors associated with this phenomenon such as brand names,
manufacturer’s name, marketing strategies and cost. The strategies need to gain market share were also
discussed. It is concluded from the research that Ibuprofen suspension has an advantage on its competitors
prevailing in the market. Ibuprofen suspension has a cost effective advantage and its response is fast as
compare to acetaminophen. Moreover dosage time between two dosages of Ibuprofen is greater than
acetaminophen. For quick relief doctors prefers to prescribe popular brand of Ibuprofen suspension as compare
to acetaminophen.
The future level of global spending on medicines underscores the similar challenges of access and affordability which face those who
consume and pay for healthcare around the world.
In the developed markets, including the United States and Europe, the current economic downturn will amplify many of the long-term
concerns about aging populations afflicted with expensive chronic diseases and the desire by all healthcare stakeholders to control costs.
Across countries, similar policies are already being implemented to rein in spending on expensive therapies, increase the use of generics,
address pricing directly through price cuts or indirectly via discounts or rebates, and develop a market for biosimilars as a lower-cost
alternative to original biologics.
Alternatively, the fast growing pharmerging markets will be driven predominantly by economic gains and rising incomes. This rise in
incomes, particularly for the lowest earners, coupled with government commitments to support expanded access to basic healthcare services,
will make medicines more broadly available and affordable to millions of people.
Further, new therapies for a range of diseases affecting both developed and developing world populations are currently, or will soon become,
available transforming patient care. Despite this progress, however, significant gaps remain in the drug arsenal.
In this report we quantify these factors and examine the spending and usage of medicines globally through 2016. We intend this report to
provide a foundation for meaningful discussion about the value, cost and role of medicines in healthcare over the next five years. Our report
was developed as a public service without industry or government funding.
Michael Kleinrock
Director, Research Development
IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics
Generic Accutane for Treatment of Moderate to Severe AcneThe Swiss Pharmacy
Generic Accutane (Isotroin Capsules) an extremely powerful and potent acne-controlling medicine, is used in the treatment of moderate to severe acne that has failed other therapy.
Global HTA and pricing mechanisms
What can we learn about national medicines pricing and procurement?
Led by Janssen UK
Day One, Pop-up University 3, 16.00
Generic Medicine and its Future Prospects in IndiaAnkita Bharti
Its is one of the project assigned to us in Rural Marketing!!! Mine topic was Generic Medicine and its future prospects in India keeping in mind the High Expenditure an average Indian has capacity to bear.
Hope its liked and appreciated by people. I will be also sharing a slide with a small online survey I did in this context which will provide a bit more insight in this aspect to everyone.
Hope people will find this useful and informative..
Over the years, drugs called biologics made the headlines for its potential to fight serious ailments, but it also comes with a heavy price. Recently, the DFA approved the manufacturing of the first biosimilar drug, the low-cost versions of the biologics, to allow better and more affordable access for patients.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. Wisdom Of Using Generic Medicines Instead
Of Using Branded Medicines
Presented By:
Kunal Bhasin
2. GENERIC DRUG
A generic drug is a drug defined as "a drug
product that is comparable to a generic drug
brand/reference listed drug product in dosage form,
strength, quality and performance characteristics,
and intended use. "It has also been defined as a
term referring to any drug marketed under its
chemical name without advertising.
3. BENEFITS OF USING GENERIC MEDICINES
GENERICS ARE CHEAPER
LOWER PRICED GENERICS ARE MORE AFFORDABLE
MOST PHARMACIES CONSIDER GENERIC AND BRAND
NAME DRUGS PILLS AS THE SAME, SO THEY SELL BOTH
CONTAINS ALL INGREDIENTS SAME
AS BRANDED ONES
4. PROBLEMS OF BRANDED
MEDICINE
EXPENSIVE
NON AVAILABILITY OR SCARCITY OF
MEDICINES
HUGE COMMISION OF DOCTORS
AND INSTITUTES IN DRUGS