This document provides an executive summary of the National List of Essential Medicines of India from 2011. It overviews the process of revising the 2003 list to develop the 2011 list, which included rounds of consultation with experts from across India to determine which medicines should be included based on disease burden and healthcare needs. The revised 2011 list aims to promote rational and affordable medicine use in both public and private healthcare sectors in India. It categorizes medicines by therapeutic area and provides the full list of additions and deletions from the previous 2003 version.
Introduction Central Drug Testing Laboratories & Responsibilities
Role of Central Drugs Testing Laboratory
No of laboratories in India, No of laboratories in each State
Presented by
J. Vinay Krishna
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
This act gives an idea about the constitution and functions of PCI. Brief about Education Regulation in India. Registration procedure for the pharmacist in India.
Codes of pharmaceutical ethics
In relation to his trade
In relation to his Job
In relation to his Profession
In relation to Medical Profession
Pharmacist's Oath
Introduction Central Drug Testing Laboratories & Responsibilities
Role of Central Drugs Testing Laboratory
No of laboratories in India, No of laboratories in each State
Presented by
J. Vinay Krishna
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
This act gives an idea about the constitution and functions of PCI. Brief about Education Regulation in India. Registration procedure for the pharmacist in India.
Codes of pharmaceutical ethics
In relation to his trade
In relation to his Job
In relation to his Profession
In relation to Medical Profession
Pharmacist's Oath
THIS IS ABOUT SCHEDULES AND RULES IMPLEMENTED FOR MANUFACTURING, IMPORT, EXPORT, PRESCRIPTION, STORAGE OF ALLOPATHY, AYURVEDIC AND UNANI DRUGS.THERE IS DIFFERENT SCHEDULE FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF DRUGS LIKE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, NARCOTIC DRUGS ETC.
These presentation describes the rules and regulations for the manufacture of drugs and grant of license. Loan License and Repacking License is also described. These presentation is the part of series Drugs & Cosmetics Act.
A presentation aimed at providing information with regards to the Pharmacy Act, 1948.
-INTRODUCTION
-HISTORY OF THE ACT
-PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA
-STATE PHARMACY COUNCIL
-SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE ACT
-OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
-CONCLUSION
-REFERENCES
This presentation is related to the drug price control order in India. It will give an idea to the readers how the prices have been fixed for the formulations. How the price has been calculated for scheduled formulations.
in that presentation information regarding how to start pharmaceutical acts in all over India & also provides history of pharmaceutical legislation in India
THIS IS ABOUT SCHEDULES AND RULES IMPLEMENTED FOR MANUFACTURING, IMPORT, EXPORT, PRESCRIPTION, STORAGE OF ALLOPATHY, AYURVEDIC AND UNANI DRUGS.THERE IS DIFFERENT SCHEDULE FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF DRUGS LIKE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, NARCOTIC DRUGS ETC.
These presentation describes the rules and regulations for the manufacture of drugs and grant of license. Loan License and Repacking License is also described. These presentation is the part of series Drugs & Cosmetics Act.
A presentation aimed at providing information with regards to the Pharmacy Act, 1948.
-INTRODUCTION
-HISTORY OF THE ACT
-PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA
-STATE PHARMACY COUNCIL
-SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE ACT
-OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
-CONCLUSION
-REFERENCES
This presentation is related to the drug price control order in India. It will give an idea to the readers how the prices have been fixed for the formulations. How the price has been calculated for scheduled formulations.
in that presentation information regarding how to start pharmaceutical acts in all over India & also provides history of pharmaceutical legislation in India
A generic drug is identical -- or bioequivalent -- to a brand name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended use.
PYA Healthcare Thought Leader Explores Ten Technology “Game Changers”PYA, P.C.
PYA Principal Kent Bottles, MD, who is also Chief Medical Officer of PYA Analytics, was a recent guest speaker at Community Hospital 100, a gathering of community healthcare executives and visionaries. His presentation, “Ten Innovations That Will Change the Game for Community Hospitals,” outlined technological advances from “big data” to gamification, 3D biological printing to mobile medicine.
This presentation is all about generic medicines.How it works in India its benefits and how one can make people aware about by the usage of these instead of branded ones.
A Comparative Study of Cost Effectiveness of Ibuprofen Suspensions with Other...iosrjce
The use of medicines in our society follows no rules and ethics however there are detail regulations
available for this. Both patients and general physicians are responsible for this trend. Patients from middle to
lower class are affected by high cost of medicine this is the reason they tend to buy medicine of cheap price and
sometime agree to compromise with quality of medicines. On the other hand general physicians are influenced
by the unethical pressure of pharmaceutical companies. In this study similar problem is addressed and detailed
investigation has been performed. This study revealed the trends in the prescription of medicine addressing pain
and fever mostly relevant to children by general physicians. This is a survey based research and analysis which
showed that general physicians are influenced by the brand and the manufacturer’s name.
A comparison between two medicines namely Ibuprofen and Paracetamol was also discussed which are
commonly prescribed by the general physician for the management of pain and fever in children.. Although both
are regarded as alternate to each other, as reveled from the survey but an Ibuprofen brand is prescribed more
than the other brands. There are many factors associated with this phenomenon such as brand names,
manufacturer’s name, marketing strategies and cost. The strategies need to gain market share were also
discussed. It is concluded from the research that Ibuprofen suspension has an advantage on its competitors
prevailing in the market. Ibuprofen suspension has a cost effective advantage and its response is fast as
compare to acetaminophen. Moreover dosage time between two dosages of Ibuprofen is greater than
acetaminophen. For quick relief doctors prefers to prescribe popular brand of Ibuprofen suspension as compare
to acetaminophen.
The future level of global spending on medicines underscores the similar challenges of access and affordability which face those who
consume and pay for healthcare around the world.
In the developed markets, including the United States and Europe, the current economic downturn will amplify many of the long-term
concerns about aging populations afflicted with expensive chronic diseases and the desire by all healthcare stakeholders to control costs.
Across countries, similar policies are already being implemented to rein in spending on expensive therapies, increase the use of generics,
address pricing directly through price cuts or indirectly via discounts or rebates, and develop a market for biosimilars as a lower-cost
alternative to original biologics.
Alternatively, the fast growing pharmerging markets will be driven predominantly by economic gains and rising incomes. This rise in
incomes, particularly for the lowest earners, coupled with government commitments to support expanded access to basic healthcare services,
will make medicines more broadly available and affordable to millions of people.
Further, new therapies for a range of diseases affecting both developed and developing world populations are currently, or will soon become,
available transforming patient care. Despite this progress, however, significant gaps remain in the drug arsenal.
In this report we quantify these factors and examine the spending and usage of medicines globally through 2016. We intend this report to
provide a foundation for meaningful discussion about the value, cost and role of medicines in healthcare over the next five years. Our report
was developed as a public service without industry or government funding.
Michael Kleinrock
Director, Research Development
IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics
Generic Accutane for Treatment of Moderate to Severe AcneThe Swiss Pharmacy
Generic Accutane (Isotroin Capsules) an extremely powerful and potent acne-controlling medicine, is used in the treatment of moderate to severe acne that has failed other therapy.
Global HTA and pricing mechanisms
What can we learn about national medicines pricing and procurement?
Led by Janssen UK
Day One, Pop-up University 3, 16.00
Generic Medicine and its Future Prospects in IndiaAnkita Bharti
Its is one of the project assigned to us in Rural Marketing!!! Mine topic was Generic Medicine and its future prospects in India keeping in mind the High Expenditure an average Indian has capacity to bear.
Hope its liked and appreciated by people. I will be also sharing a slide with a small online survey I did in this context which will provide a bit more insight in this aspect to everyone.
Hope people will find this useful and informative..
www.interlinkconsultancy.com
Healthcare industry challenges and pharmacoeconomic solutions.The pharma industry product pipelines are drying up, leading to a high dependence on existing products for survival. The branded generic drugs segment has become commoditized due to ever increasing and fierce
competition.Price plays a major role in drug prescription and buying decisions. High price may not always assure high quality or more benefits and companies are finding it difficult to substantiate higher prices..
Pharma Malpractices - Report of the Parliament Committee to Rajya Sabha Anup Soans
Read this to understand the reasons for the Govt's crackdown on Indian Pharma - Parliament committee report on CDSCO. Parliament was seized of unethical and unprofessional practices in 2012 itself.
Somali National Treatment Guidelines in line with the Essential Package of Health Services:
A health system without treatment guidelines is like a transport system without rules. If drivers could drive as fast as they liked, put in any fuel, drive on any side of the road and have cars as noisy and polluting as they liked, then the number of accidents and deaths would spiral. It would become much more dangerous to pedestrians and other drivers than if drivers followed the simplest of rules, and the net effect would be more harm than good.
Fundamentals of Food Production and Food Industries – Guires Food Research Labfoodresearch
Food Research Lab is one of the leading food industry consultants and offers various food production services. We provide food production and food manufacturing consultancy services to food, beverage and nutraceutical companies. Primary food production involves everything from food procurement, inventory control, quality checks to processing.
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREAMBLE ...................................................................................................................................... 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 6
Salient features of NLEM 2011: ............................................................................................................ …..11
The meetings/deliberations of core committee/ National consultation meetings held for
preparing the National List of Essential Medicines 2011 ............................................................. 12
PROCESS ADOPTED FOR REVISION OF NLEM .............................................................................. 13
POTENTIAL USES OF NLEM ........................................................................................................... 15
EXPERTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN PREPARING NLEM- 2011.......................................................... 16
MEDICINES ADDED IN THE NLEM 2011 ....................................................................................... 27
MEDICINES DELETED FROM NLEM 2003 ...................................................................................... 29
NATIONAL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES 2011 .......................................................................... 32
Section: 1 – Anesthesia ................................................................................................................. 32
Section: 2 - Analgesics , Antipyretics, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medicines, Medicines
used to treat Gout and Disease Modifying Agents used in Rheumatoid Disorders ................... 34
Section: 3 – Antiallergics and Medicines used in Anaphylaxis ..................................................... 35
Section: 4 - Antidotes and Other Substances used in Poisonings ................................................ 36
Section: 5 – Anticonvulsants/ Antiepileptics ................................................................................ 37
Section: 6 – Anti-infective Medicines ........................................................................................... 38
Section: 7 –Antimigraine medicines ............................................................................................. 45
Section: 8 –Antineoplastic, immunosuppressives and medicines used in palliative care ........... 46
Section: 9 –Antiparkinsonism medicines ...................................................................................... 49
Section: 10 –Medicines affecting the blood ................................................................................. 50
Section: 11 –Blood products and Plasma substitutes................................................................... 51
Section: 12 –Cardiovascular medicines ........................................................................................ 52
Section: 13 –Dermatological medicines (Topical)......................................................................... 55
Section: 14 –Diagnostic agents ..................................................................................................... 57
Section: 15 –Disinfectants and antiseptics ................................................................................... 58
Section: 16 –Diuretics ................................................................................................................... 59
Page 2 of 123
3. Section: 17 – Gastrointestinal medicines ..................................................................................... 60
Section: 18 –Hormones, other endocrine medicines and contraceptives ................................... 63
Section: 19 Immunologicals .......................................................................................................... 66
Section: 20 – Muscle Relaxants (Peripherally acting) and Cholinesterase Inhibitors .................. 68
Section: 21 – Ophthalmological Preparations .............................................................................. 69
Section: 22 – Oxytocics and Antioxytocics .................................................................................... 70
Section: 23 – Peritoneal Dialysis Solution ..................................................................................... 72
Section: 24 – Psychotherapeutic Medicines ................................................................................. 72
Section: 25 – Medicines acting on the respiratory tract .............................................................. 74
Section: 26 – Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances ..................... 75
Section: 27 – Vitamins and Minerals ............................................................................................ 76
Alphabetical List of Medicines – Therapeutic area wise .............................................................. 77
Alphabetical List of Medicines in NLEM 2011............................................................................... 94
List of Medicines in NLEM 2011 – Category Wise ...................................................................... 108
Page 3 of 123
4. PREAMBLE
Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority healthcare needs of
majority of the population. The essential medicines list needs to be country
specific addressing the disease burden of the nation and the commonly used
medicines at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare levels. The medicines in
National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) should be available at affordable
costs and with assured quality. The medicines used in the various national health
programmes, emerging and reemerging infections should be addressed in the list.
The Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MOHFW) is
mandated to ensure the quality healthcare system by assuring availability of safe
and efficacious medicines for its population.
The primary purpose of NLEM is to promote rational use of medicines considering
the three important aspects i.e. cost, safety and efficacy. Furthermore it
promotes prescription by generic names. Healthcare delivery institutions, health
insurance bodies, standards setting institutions for medicines, medicine price
control bodies, health economists and other healthcare stakeholders will be
immensely benefitted in framing their policies.
Page 4 of 123
5. The NLEM 2011 has been prepared after several rounds of wide consultations
with experts of different disciplines from different parts of the country and from
various organizations.
The NLEM is a dynamic document and feedback from all stakeholders is welcome
which will help in its revision at regular basis.
The core committee of NLEM 2011 would like to place on record its appreciation
for the subject experts who made a significant contribution in revision and
updating the list of essential medicines of India.
Page 5 of 123
6. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The National list of essential medicines is one of the key instruments in balanced
healthcare delivery system of a country which inter alia includes accessible,
affordable quality medicine at all the primary, secondary, tertiary levels of
healthcare. Realizing this GOI, MOHFW decided to have its own essential
medicines list. The first National List of Essential Medicines of India was prepared
and released in 1996. This list was subsequently revised in 2003.
To address the issues of changing disease prevalence, treatment modalities,
introduction of newer medicines and identification of unacceptable risk-benefit
profile as well as therapeutic profile of some medicines, the GOI, MOHFW
considered the need for updating the NLEM.
Revision of NLEM was also based on the two important national reference
documents i.e., Indian Pharmacopeia 2010 and National Formulary of India, 4th
Edition, 2010. While the former deals with the standards of identity, purity and
strength of medicines the later provides the information on rational use of
medicines particularly for healthcare professionals.
Page 6 of 123
7. In order to revise the NLEM 2003, a core committee was constituted vide order
no: 12-01/ Essential Medicines/ 08-DC dated 6th July 2010 GOI, MOHFW with
following members.
Prof. Y. K. Gupta, Head, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Prof. S.K. Sharma, Head, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Dr. T.S. Sidhu, Medical Superintendent, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital,
New Delhi
Dr. A. K. Harit (Chief Medical Officer) representing DDG (M), Dte. GHS,
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi
Dr. D. Kanungo, Addl. DG (Stores) Dte. GHS, Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare, New Delhi
Dr. Chander Shekhar, Scientist F, Indian Council of Medical Research, New
Delhi
Dr. Sukarma S. Tanwar, National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi
Mr. V. K. Tyagi, Deputy Industrial Advisor, Department of Pharmaceuticals,
Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, New Delhi
Page 7 of 123
8. Dr. G. N. Singh, Secretary-cum-Scientific Director, Indian Pharmacopoeia
Commission, Ghaziabad
Dr. Surinder Singh, Drugs Controller General (India), Dte.GHS, Ministry of
Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi
The first meeting of the core committee of NLEM was held at CDSCO on July 22,
2010. The meeting was initiated by DCGI, Dr. Surinder Singh, Dr. Y. K. Gupta,
Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi was
unanimously nominated as chairman of the Committee.
During this meeting the core committee was informed that the CDSCO had
already taken an initiative in this direction and organized a workshop entitled
“Expert Group Meeting on Revision and Updating of the National List of Essential
Medicines” on September 16, 2009 in collaboration with Department of
Pharmacology, AIIMS and WHO India Office. The workshop was attended by
representatives from the following: CDSCO, Ministry of Health; WHO; All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission;
Indian Council of Medical Research and experts of different disciplines from
leading medical and pharmacy institutions of the country.
The issue of updating NLEM was also deliberated in a dedicated session during
the Annual Conference of Indian Pharmacological Society, December 2009 at
Page 8 of 123
9. Kolkata and the session was chaired by Prof. Y K Gupta, AIIMS and Dr. K
Weerasuriya, WHO-SEARO. The core committee took note of the proceedings of
these two meetings while revising the NLEM.
In this core committee meeting it was deliberated that although WHO has
prepared an updated list of “Essential Medicines”, it cannot be adopted as such.
The NLEM of India should be country specific considering the disease prevalence,
cost effectiveness of Medicines etc in the country.
In the meeting the criteria for inclusion/ deletion of medicines were developed
and a road map for the revision and updating of NLEM, 2003 was drawn.
Sh. V. K. Tyagi from Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Ministry of Chemicals
& Fertilizers emphasized the importance of NLEM in view of the directions of the
Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. He also mentioned that DoP may rely on the
NLEM prepared by MOH &FW for price fixation.
During the meeting it was felt that opinion/views may be taken from across the
country by organizing brainstorming regional workshops. However, considering
the logistics and time constraints it was decided that a National consultation
meet should be organized in Delhi inviting experts from various specialties and
from different parts of the country.
Page 9 of 123
10. Accordingly “National Consultation Meet for Revision of National List of Essential
Medicines” was organized by Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS & Central
Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO), Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare on December 3-4, 2010. The meet was supported by WHO India office.
Experts from different disciplines from medical and pharmaceutical institutes,
hospitals from across the country and concerned government agencies
participated. After initial briefing, four groups were formed according to
therapeutic areas. The groups were asked to specifically give the
reasons/evidence which guided their decision regarding
addition/deletion/alteration. Subsequently the recommendations of the
individual groups were discussed in the open house. Thereafter the draft
recommendations of the Workshop were prepared with general consensus.
The recommendations of the Workshop were further deliberated upon by the
Expert Core Committee on 4th Jan 2011 and 31st Jan 2011 at CDSCO. The revised
NLEM 2011 has thus been prepared.
The Expert Core Committee recommended that all the medicines which are being
provided under various National Health Programmes are considered as essential
medicines.
Page 10 of 123
11. Salient features of NLEM 2011:
The medicines have been categorized according to therapeutic area. Therefore it
is possible that a medicine with more than one indication appears in more than
one category.
The issue of mentioning the strength of the medicine dose was deliberated. The
committee took the considered view that the strength should be mentioned in
the NLEM.
For essentiality of requirement the medicines have been categorized as follows:
- P, S and T denote essentiality at Primary, Secondary and Tertiary levels
respectively while P, S, T (U in NLEM 2003) indicates essentiality at all the
levels.
A total of 348 medicines (excluding repetitions) are present in NLEM 2011. In the
NLEM 2011, 181 medicines fall under the category of P, S and T, 106 medicines
fall under the category of S, T while 61 medicines are categorized as T only. In
comparison to NLEM 2003, number of medicines deleted is 47 and 43 medicines
have been added.
Page 11 of 123
12. The meetings/deliberations of core committee/ National consultation
meetings held for preparing the National List of Essential Medicines
2011
Core Committee Meetings
1. The first meeting was held at CDSCO, FDA Bhawan on July 22, 2010
2. The second meeting was held at CDSCO, FDA Bhawan on January 4, 2011
3. The third meeting was held at CDSCO , FDA Bhawan on 31st Jan,2011
National Consultation Meetings
1. The first consultation meet was held on September 16, 2009 at
Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi
2. The second National consultation meet was held on December 3-4, 2010
at Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Other Deliberations:
1. A dedicated session on National Essential Medicine List was organized
during 42nd Annual conference of Indian Pharmacological Society, on 11th
December, 2009 at Swabhumi, Kolkata
Page 12 of 123
13. PROCESS ADOPTED FOR REVISION OF NLEM
National List of Essential Medicines 2003
(Base document)
Consultation meetings with Experts
Deliberation on Evidence based criteria for addition and deletion of
medicines from the NLEM
Therapeutic area wise group discussion
(Group composition: Clinicians, Pharmacologists, Pharmacists,
Scientists and Regulators)
REVISION PROCESS contd…
Page 13 of 123
14. Presentation by groups in open house discussion
Resource Materials:
Resource Support:
WHO Model List of Essential
Scientists, Senior Residents, Medicines 2010,
WHO model formulary,
Junior Residents and PhD National Formulary of India
Scholar of Dept of 2010 (Pre print Version),
Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Textbooks of Pharmacology,
Delhi Internal Medicine,
Drug compendia,
Indian Pharmacopoeia,
Internet facility
Deliberations/ discussion and reasoning for additions/
deletions/modifications
Draft recommendations for NLEM
Consideration and adoption of NLEM by the Core
Committee
Page 14 of 123
15. POTENTIAL USES OF NLEM
The concept of essential medicines, first introduced by WHO in 1977, has now been adopted by
many countries, non-governmental organizations and international non-profit supply agencies.
The list is considered to include the most cost-effective medicines for a particular indication. It
is developed in concordance with the standard treatment guidelines keeping in mind the
healthcare needs of the majority of the population. Careful selection of a limited range of
essential medicines results in a higher quality of care, better management of medicines and
more cost-effective use of health resources.
The list of essential medicines guides the hospital drug policies, procurement and supply of
medicines in public sector, medicine cost reimbursement and medicine donations. It helps in
monitoring the pricing of medicines. The list serves as a reference document for correct dosage
form and strength for prescribing. Preference is given to single drug formulations as opposed to
fixed dose combinations where appropriate. Hence use of NLEM is expected to improve
prescribing practices as well as the health outcomes. The appropriate use of medicines selected
in the NLEM promotes rational use of medicines. Such rational use of medicines, especially
antimicrobial drugs, reduces development of drug resistance. The list also serves as a reference
for assessing the healthcare access of the populace. Lastly, NEML serves as a tool for public
education and training of healthcare providers.
Page 15 of 123
16. EXPERTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN PREPARING NLEM- 2011
Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Joint Drug Controller (India),
1. A B RAMTEKE CDSCO, FDA Bhawan, Regulatory Body
Kotla Road, New Delhi
Assistant Drug Controller,
2. A K PRADHAN CDSCO, FDA Bhawan, Regulatory Body
Kotla Road, New Delhi
Associate Professor,
3. ANANT MOHAN Dept. of Medicine, Medicine
AIIMS, New Delhi
Professor,
4. ARTI KAPIL Dept of Microbiology, Microbiology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Dean and Director Professor
ARUN K Department of ENT
5.
AGARWAL Maulana Azad Medical College
ENT --
New Delhi
Technical Officer,
6. ASEEM SAHU CDSCO, FDA Bhawan, Regulatory Body
Kotla Road, New Delhi
Professor,
7.
BALRAM
Dept. of Cardiology, Cardiology ---
BHARGAVA
AIIMS, New Delhi
Page 16 of 123
17. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Associate Professor,
8. BIKASH MEDHI Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacology
PGIMER, Chandigarh
Asst. Professor
BISWA MOHAN
9.
PADHY
Department of Pharmacology Pharmacology √
HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard
Professor and Head,
10. C D TRIPATHI
Dept. of Pharmacology,
Pharmacology --
Vardhman Medical College and
Hospital, New Delhi
Medical Superintendent,
11. D K SHARMA AIIMS, Medicine
New Delhi
Addl. DG (Stores),
DGHS, MOHFW, Nirman
12. D. KANUNGO
Bhawan,
MOHFW --
New Delhi
Professor,
13. DEEPIKA DEKA
Dept. of Obstetrics &
Gynaecology --
Gynaecology,
AIIMS, New Delhi.
Prof & Head
G Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy
14. PARTHASARATHI
JSS College of Pharmacy and Pharmacy ---
JSS Medical College
Mysore
Technical Officer,
15. GAURAV KUMAR CDSCO, FDA Bhawan, Regulatory Body
Kotla Road, New Delhi
Page 17 of 123
18. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Secretary-cum-Scientific
Director,
16. GN SINGH Indian Pharmacopeia Pharmacy , --
Commission, Govt of India
, Ghaziabad
Assistant Professor,
17. JAGRITI BHATIA Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology √
AIIMS, New Delhi
Principal Scientist,
18. JAI PRAKASH
Indian Pharmacopoea
Pharmacy
Commission , Govt of India
Ghaziabad
Jt. Advisor
JANARDAN Department of AYUSH,
19.
PANDEY
MOHFW ---
Ministry of health and Family
Welfare ,Govt of India
Associate Professor,
20. JATINDER KATYAL Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Department of Hospital
Hospital
21. JITENDRA Administration,
Administration --
AIIMS, New Delhi
Asstt. Professor
Department of Dermatology &
K D BARMAN Dermatology
22. STD,
and STD --
Maulana Azad Medical College
New Delhi
Assistant Professor,
23. K H REETA Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Page 18 of 123
19. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Professor and Head,
24. K K PANT
Dept. of Pharmacology,
Pharmacology
CSM Medical College and
Hospital, Lucknow
Professor and Head,
25. K K SHARMA Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology ---
UCMS, New Delhi
Regional Adviser
Essential Drugs and Medicines
26. K WEERASURIYA Policy
Clinical --
Pharmacology
World Health Organization –
SEARO
Professor,
27. KAMAL KISHORE Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology --
AIIMS, New Delhi
Professor and Head,
28. M C GUPTA Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology --
PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana
NPO
Essential Drugs and Medicines
Clinical
29. MADHUR GUPTA WHO country office for India
Pharmacology --
Professor and Head,
30. MADHURI BEHARI Dept. of Neurology, Neurology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Associate Professor,
31.
MANJARI
Dept. of Neurology, Neurology --
TRIPATHI
AIIMS, New Delhi
Page 19 of 123
20. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Director Professor
MK DAGA Department of Medicine
32.
Maulana Azad Medical College
Medicine ---
New Delhi
Department of Medicine
33. MPS CHAWLA
RML Hospital, New Delhi
Medicine ---
Associate Professor
34. MUKUL MATHUR Dept. of Pharmacology Pharmacology ---
SMS Medical college, Jaipur
Professor,
35. N R BISWAS Dept. of Pharmacology,
Clinical --
Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Professor,
36. NARESH KHANNA Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology
UCMS, New Delhi
NASEEM SHAH Chief, Professor and Head
37.
Centre for Dental Education
Dental Medicine ---
and Research
AIIMS, New Delhi
Associate Professor,
38.
AJOY Centre for Dental Education
Dental Medicine --
ROYCHAUDHURY and Research
AIIMS, New Delhi
Associate Professor
NEENA Obstetrics and
39.
MALHOTRA Department of Obstretics and gynecology ---
Gynaecology, AIIMS, New Delhi
Dy. Director,
Pharmacolgy
40. NEENA VALECHA
National Institute of Malaria
and Malaria -√--
Research,
experti
Dwarka, New Delhi
Page 20 of 123
21. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Emeritus Scientist,
41. O P AGARWAL Indian Council of Medical Pharmacology ---
Research, New Delhi
Professor,
42. P K MEDIRATTA Dept. of Pharmacology, Pharmacology
UCMS, New Delhi
Department of Pharmacology
Nizams Institute of Medical Clinical
43. P USHA RANI
Sciences, Pharmacology ---
Hyderabad
Professor & Head,
44. PRAMIL TIWARI
Dept. of Pharmacy Practice,
Pharmacy ---
NIPER,
SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab
Associate Professor
Department of
Gastroentrology
45. PRAMOD GARG Gastroenterology and Human
ysician ---
Nutrition,
AIIMS, New Delhi
Professor and Head,
46.
PRAVEEN
Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Medicine
AGGARWAL
AIIMS, New Delhi
Director,
Health
47. R C DEKA
AIIMS, New Delhi.
Administrator √---
and ENT
Professor ,
48. R K BATRA
Dept. of Anaesthesia and
Anaesthesia
Intensive Care,
AIIMS, New Delhi
Page 21 of 123
22. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Prof & Head
RAJENDRA Dept of Pulmonary Medicine Pulmonary
49.
PRASAD medicine ---
CSM Medical College and
Hospital, Lucknow
Scientist E,
50. RAJNI KAUL Indian Council of Medical Basic Scientist ---
Research, New Delhi
Professor
RAKESH
51.
CHADDHA
Department of Psychiatry Psychiatry ---
AIIMS
Associate Professor,
52. RAKESH YADAV Dept of Cardiology, Cardiology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Programme Officer (CST),
53. RESHU AGARWAL
NACO, New Delhi
Medicine ---
Associtate Professor
Dr. R P Centre for Opthalmic
Sciences
54. ROHIT SAXENA
AIIMS
Ophthalmology ---
Professor and Head,
55. S K TRIPATHI
Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical
Pharmacology
School of Tropical Medicine,
Kolkata, WB
Associate Professor,
56. SAMEER BAKSHI Medical Oncology, IRCH,
Medical
Oncology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Page 22 of 123
23. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Professor & Head,
57.
SANDEEP Department of Pharmacology,
Pharmacology ---
KAUSHAL
Dayanand Medical College,
Ludhiana
Professor & Head,
58.
SANGEETA Dept of Neuropsycho Clinical
SHARMA Pharmacology, Pharmacology
IHBAS, Delhi
Associate Professor,
Centre for Community Community
59. SANJAY KR. RAI
Medicine Medicine ---
AIIMS, New Delhi.
Chief Pharmacist
Institute of Liver and Biliary
60. SEEMA DUBEY
Sciences
Pharmacy ---
New Delhi
Medical Superintendent,
R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic
Sciences & Hospital
61. SHAKTI GUPTA
Head, Dept. of Hosp. Administration
Administration,
AIIMS, New Delhi
Scientist, National Poision
Information Centre ,
62. SHARDA PESHIN Toxicology
Dept. of Pharmacology,
AIIMS, New Delhi
SHRIDHAR Professor and Head,
63. DWIVEDI Department of Medicine Medicine ---
UCMS, New Delhi
Page 23 of 123
24. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Associate Professor
SHYAM SUNDER
64.
SHARMA
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacology ---
NIPER, Mohali
Professor
65. SK MAULIK Department of Pharmacology Pharmacology ---
AIIMS, New Delhi
DDGM
Community
66. SK PRADHAN DGHS, MOHFW
Medicine ---
New Delhi
Technical Officer,
67.
SUNIL
CDSCO, FDA Bhawan,
Pharmacy
KULSHESTRA Regulatory Body
Kotla Road, New Delhi
National Professional Officer
68. SUNIL NANDRAJ
(Health Systems Development),
WHO ---
World Health Organization,
New Delhi
Assistant Professor,
69. SURENDER SINGH Dept. of Pharmacology,
Pharmacy and
Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Medical Superintendent,
T.S. SIDHU, ENT surgeon
70. RML Hospital, and Hospital ---
Administration
New Delhi
TUSHAR Assistant Professor
71. AGGARWAL Department of Ophthalmology Ophthalmology ---
AIIMS, New Delhi
Department of Hospital
Administration,
Hospital
72. U S GARG AIIMS, New Delhi
Administration ---
Page 24 of 123
25. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Director Professor & Head,
UMA TEKUR Department of Pharmacology
73.
Maulana Azad Medical College,
Pharmacology ---
New Delhi
Professor & Head
74. V K PAUL Department of Pediatrics Pediatrics ---
AIIMS, New Delhi
Deputy Industrial Advisor,
Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of
75. V. K. TYAGI Ministry of Chemical & Chemicals & ---
Fertilisers, Fertilizers
New Delhi
Assistant Professor,
76. VANDANA JAIN Dept. of Pediatrics, Pediatrics ---
AIIMS, New Delhi
Scientist F,
77. VIJAY KUMAR Indian Council of Medical
Health ---
administrator
Research, New Delhi
Assistant Professor,
78. VINAY GULATI Department of Medicine, Medicine ---
AIIMS, New Delhi
Professor and Head,
79. VINOD RAINA
Medical Oncology, Institute Medical ---
Cancer Rotary Hospital (IRCH), Oncology
AIIMS, New Delhi
VISHAL KUMAR Medical Officer
80. MALHOTRA Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya Pediatrics ---
New Delhi
Page 25 of 123
26. Meeting Meeting
Specialization/ held on held on
S.No NAME AFFILIATION
Department September December
16, 2009 3-4, 2010
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine
81. VIVEK ARYA Medicine ---
PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital,
New Delhi
Professor and Head,
82. Y K GUPTA Dept of Pharmacology, Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Additional Professor
YASHPAL Department of Cardiology,
83.
SHARMA PGIMER, Chandigarh
Cardiology ---
Senior Resident,
Clinical
84. Pooja Gupta Department of Pharmacology,
Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Senior Resident,
Ashish Kumar Clinical
85.
Kakkar
Department of Pharmacology,
Pharmacology --
AIIMS, New Delhi
Senior Resident,
Sudhir Chandra Clinical
86.
Sarangi
Department of Pharmacology,
Pharmacology
AIIMS, New Delhi
Technical Associate (PvPI)
Saravana Perumal
87.
S
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy
AIIMS, New Delhi
Page 26 of 123
27. MEDICINES ADDED IN THE NLEM - 2011
S.No. Name of the medicine
1. 25% Dextrose
2. 5-Amino salicylic Acid (5-ASA)
3. Allopurinol
4. Amoxicillin+Clavulinic acid
5. Atorvastatin
6. Betamethasone
7. Carboplatin
8. Cefixime
9. Cetrizine
10. Chlorambucil
11. Clindamycin
12. Clopidogrel
13. Dacarbazine
14. Daunorubicin
15. Diazepam
16. EMLA cream
17. Enoxaparin
18. Famotidine
19. Fentanyl
20. Filgrastim
21. Hydroxychloroquine phosphate
22. Ifosfamide
23. Imatinib
Page 27 of 123
31. MEDICINES DELETED FROM NLEM - 2003
S.No. Name of the medicine
46. Trimethoprim
47. Xylometazoline
Page 31 of 123
32. NATIONAL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES 2011
Section: 1 – Anesthesia
1.1 General Anesthetics and Oxygen
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Ether S, T Inhalation --
Halothane with vaporizer S, T Inhalation
Isoflurane S, T Inhalation
10 mg / ml,
Ketamine Hydrochloride P, S, T Injection
50 mg / ml
Nitrous Oxide P, S, T Inhalation
Oxygen P, S, T Inhalation
Thiopentone Sodium S, T Injection 0.5 g, 1 g powder
Added Medicines
Sevoflurane T Inhalation
Propofol P,S,T Injection 1% oil suspension
1.2 Local Anesthetics
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride S, T Injection 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.5%
to be mixed with
7.5% glucose solution
Page 32 of 123
33. Topical Forms, 2-5%,
Lignocaine Hydrochloride P, S, T Injection, 1-2%,
Spinal 5% +7.5% Glucose
Lignocaine Hydrochloride 1%, 2% +
P, S, T Injection
+ Adrenaline Adrenaline1:200,000
Added Medicines
EMLA cream T Cream
1.3 Preoperative Medication and Sedation for Short Term Procedures
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Atropine Sulphate P, S, T Injection 0.6 mg / ml
Tablets 5 mg
P,S,T Injection, 5 mg / ml
Diazepam
S, T Syrup, 2mg/5ml
Suppository 5 mg
1 mg / ml
Midazolam P, S, T Injection
5 mg / ml
Morphine Sulphate S, T Injection 10 mg / ml
Promethazine P, S, T Syrup 5 mg / 5 ml
Page 33 of 123
34. Section: 2 - Analgesics , Antipyretics, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory
Medicines, Medicines used to treat Gout and Disease Modifying
Agents used in Rheumatoid Disorders
2.1: Non-Opioid Analgesics, Antipyretics and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Acetyl Salicylic Acid P, S, T Tablets 325mg, 350 mg
T Tablets 50 mg
Diclofenac
T Injection 25 mg / ml
Tablets 200 mg, 400 mg
Ibuprofen P, S, T
Syrup 100mg/5ml
P, S, T Injection 150 mg / ml
P, S, T Syrup 125 mg / 5ml
Paracetamol
P, S, T Tablets 500 mg
P, S, T Suppository 80 mg, 170 mg
2.2 Opioid Analgesics
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Injection 10 mg / ml
S, T
Morphine Sulphate Tablets 10 mg
Added medicines
Injection 50 mg/ml
S,T
Tramadol Cap 50 mg,100 mg
Fentanyl S,T Injection 50μg/ml 2ml ampoule
Page 34 of 123
35. 2.3 Medicines used to treat Gout
Allopurinol S, T Tablets 100 mg
Colchicine S, T Tablets 0.5 mg
2.4 Disease modifying agents used in Rheumatoid disorders
Azathioprine S, T Tablets 50 mg
Methotrexate S,T Tablets 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg
Sulfasalazine S, T Tablets 500 mg
Added medicines
Hydroxychloroquine S,T Tablets 200 mg
phosphate
Leflunomide S,T Tablets 10mg ,20 mg tab
Section: 3 – Antiallergics and Medicines used in Anaphylaxis
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Adrenaline Bitartrate P, S, T Injection 1 mg / ml
Chlorpheniramine P, S, T Tablets 4 mg
Maleate
Dexchlorpheniramine P, S, T Syrup 0.5 mg / 5 ml
Maleate
Dexamethasone P, S, T Tablets 0.5 mg
Injection 4 mg / ml
Hydrocortisone Sodium P, S, T Injection 100 mg
Succinate
Pheniramine Maleate P, S, T Injection 22.75 mg / ml
Prednisolone P, S, T Tablets 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
P, S, T Tablets 10 mg, 25 mg
Promethazine
Syrup 5 mg / 5 ml
Added Medicines
Cetrizine P,S,T Tablets 10mg
Syrup 5 mg/ml
Page 35 of 123
36. NLEM 2011
Section: 4 - Antidotes and Other Substances used in Poisonings
4.1: Nonspecific
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Activated Charcoal P,S,T Oral
4.2: Specific
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Atropine Sulphate P,S,T Injection 1 mg/ml
Specific Antisnake venom P,S,T Injection Polyvalent
Solution/ Lyophilyzed
Polyvalent Serum
Calcium gluconate P,S,T Injection 100mg/ml
Desferrioxamine mesylate S, T Injection 500mg
Methylthioninium chloride S, T Injection 10 mg / ml
(Methylene blue)
Penicillamine S, T Tablets or Capsules 250 mg
Dimercaprol S, T Injection in oil 50 mg / ml
Flumazenil T Injection 0.1 mg / ml
Sodium Nitrite S, T Injection 30 mg / ml
Sodium Thiosulphate S, T Injection 250 mg/ ml
Naloxone P,S,T Injection 0.4mg/ml
Pralidoxime Chloride(2-PAM) P,S,T Injection 25 mg/ml
Added medicines:
N-acetylcysteine P,S,T Injection 200 mg/ml (5
ml)
Page 36 of 123
38. Section: 6 – Anti-infective Medicines
6.1 Anthelminthics
6.1.1 Intestinal Anthelminthics
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Albendazole P,S,T Tablets 400 mg
Suspension 200 mg/ 5 ml
Added Medicines
Piperazine P,S,T Tablets 4.5 gm
Solution 750mg/5ml
6.1.2 Antifilarials
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Diethylcarbamazine citrate P,S,T Tablets 50 mg
6.1.3 Antischistosomals and Antitrematode Medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Praziquantel S, T Tablets 600 mg
6.2 Antibacterials
6.2.1 Beta lactam medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Amoxicillin S,T Powder for suspension 125 mg / 5 ml
Capsules 250 mg, 500 mg
Capsules 250 mg, 500 mg
Ampicillin P,S,T Powder for suspension 125 mg / 5 ml
Injection 500 mg
Page 38 of 123
39. P,S,T Injection
Benzathine
Benzylpenicillin 6 lacs, 12 lacs units
Cefotaxime S, T Injection 125 mg, 250 mg
500 mg
Ceftazidime S, T Injection 250mg, 1g
Ceftriaxone S, T Injection 250 mg, 1 g
Cephalexin P,S,T Syrup 125 mg / 5 ml
Capsules 250 mg, 500 mg
Cloxacillin P,S,T Capsules 250 mg, 500 mg
Injection 250 mg
Liquid 125mg/ 5 ml
Added Medicines
Amoxicillin + Clavulinic acid T Tablets 625 mg
Powder for suspension 228.5mg/5ml
Injection 600mg, 1.2gm
Cefixime T Tablet 100, 200mg
6.2.2 Other antibacterials
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Amikacin S, T Injection 250 mg / 2 ml
Tablets 100, 250,500mg
Azithromycin S,T Suspension 100mg/5ml
Injection 500mg
Ciprofloxacin P,S,T Injection 200 mg /100 ml
Hydrochloride Tablets 250 mg, 500 mg
80 + 400 mg,
Co-Trimoxazole P,S,T Tablets
160+800 mg
(Trimethoprim +
Sulphamethoxazole) Suspension 40 + 200 mg / 5 ml
Page 39 of 123
40. Doxycycline P,S,T Tablets 100 mg
Erythromycin Syrup 125 mg / 5 ml
Estolate P,S,T Tablets 250 mg, 500 mg
Gentamicin P,S,T Injection 10 mg / ml, 40 mg / ml
Metronidazole P,S,T Tablet 200mg,400mg
Injection 500mg/100ml
Syrup 100mg/5ml
Nitrofurantoin P,S,T Tablets 100 mg
Sulphadiazine S, T Tablets 500 mg
Vancomycin
Hydrochloride T Injection 500 mg, 1 g
6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Clofazimine P,S, T Capsules 50 mg, 100 mg
Dapsone P,S, T Tablets 50 mg, 100mg
Rifampicin P,S, T Capsules or Tablets 150 mg, 300 mg
6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Ethambutol P,S,T Tablets 200 mg, 400 mg, 600
mg, 800 mg
50 mg, 100 mg, 300
Tablets mg
Isoniazid P,S,T Syrup 100 mg/5ml
Tablets 100 mg, 200 mg
Ofloxacin S, T Syrup 50 mg / 5 ml
500 mg, 750 mg, 1000
Pyrazinamide P,S,T Tablets mg, 1500 mg
Page 40 of 123
41. 50 mg, 150 mg, 300
Capsules/Tablets mg,450 mg
Rifampicin P,S,T Syrup 100 mg / 5 ml
Streptomycin
Sulphate P,S,T Injection 0.75 g, 1 g
6.3 Antifungal medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Amphotericin B S, T Injection 50 mg
Pessaries 100 mg, 200 mg,
Clotrimazole P,S,T Gel 2%
50 mg, 100 mg, 150
Fluconazole mg,
S, T Capsules or Tablets 200 mg
Griseofulvin P,S,T Capsules or Tablets 125 mg, 250 mg
Tablets 500,000 IU
Nystatin P,S,T Pessaries 100,000 IU
6.4 Antiviral medicines
6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Tablets 200 mg, 400 mg
Acyclovir S, T Injection 250 mg, 500 mg
Suspension 400 mg / 5 ml
6.4.2 Antiretroviral medicines
6.4.2.1 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Didanosine S, T Tablets 250 mg, 400 mg
Page 41 of 123
42. Lamivudine S, T Tablets 150 mg
Lamivudine + Nevirapine + 150 mg + 200 mg+
Stavudine S, T Tablets 30 mg
Lamivudine + Zidovudine S, T Tablets 150 mg + 300 mg
15 mg, 30 mg, 40
Stavudine S, T Capsules mg
Zidovudine S, T Tablets 100 mg, 300 mg
ADDED MEDICINES
Stavudine+ S,T Tablets 30mg+ 150mg
Lamivudine
Zidovudine+ S,T Tablets 300mg+
Lamivudine+ 150mg+
Nevirapine 200mg
6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
200 mg,
Efavirenz S, T Capsules 600 mg
Capsules 200 mg
Nevirapine S, T Suspension 50 mg / 5 ml
6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Indinavir S, T Capsules 200 mg, 400 mg
Nelfinavir S, T Capsules 250 mg
Capsules 100 mg,
Ritonavir S, T Syrup 400 mg / 5 ml
Saquinavir S, T Capsules 200 mg
Page 42 of 123
43. 6.5 Antiprotozoal Medicines
6.5.1 Antiamoebic and Antigiardiasis medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Diloxanide Furoate P,S,T Tablets 500 mg
Metronidazole P,S,T Tablets 200 mg, 400 mg
Injection 500 mg /100 ml
6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Amphotericin B S, T Injection 50 mg
Pentamidine Isothionate S, T Injection 200 mg
Sodium Stibogluconate S, T Injection 100 mg / ml
6.5.3 Antimalarial Medicines
6.5.3.1 For curative treatment
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Artesunate (To be used only
in combination with P,S,T Tablets 50 mg
Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine)
Tablets 150 mg base
Chloroquine phosphate Injection 40 mg / ml
P,S,T Syrup 50 mg / 5 ml
Primaquine P,S,T Tablets 2.5 mg, 7.5 mg
Pyrimethamine P,S,T Tablets 25 mg
P,S,T Tablets 300 mg
Quinine sulphate
ST Injection 300 mg / ml
Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine P,S,T Tablets 500 mg + 25 mg
Page 43 of 123
44. Medicines added
Clindamycin S,T Tablet 150, 300mg
6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Medicines added
Mefloquine S,T Tablet 250 mg base
6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and Antitoxoplasmosis medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
P,S,T Tablets 80 + 400 mg,
Co-Trimoxazole
160+800 mg
(Trimethoprim +
Sulphamethoxazole) Suspension 40 + 200 mg / 5 ml
Pentamidine Isothionate S, T Injection 200 mg
Page 44 of 123
45. NLEM 2011
Section: 7 –Antimigraine medicines
7.1: For treatment of acute attack
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Acetyl Salicylic Acid P,S,T Tablets 300 - 350 mg
Dihydroergotamine S, T Tablets 1 mg
Paracetamol P,S,T Tablets 500 mg
7.2: For Prophylaxis
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Propranolol P,S,T Tablets 10 mg, 40 mg
hydrochloride
Page 45 of 123
46. Section: 8 –Antineoplastic, immunosuppressives and medicines used
in palliative care
8.1: Immunosuppressive medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Azathioprine T Tablets 50 mg
10 mg, 25 mg,
Cyclosporine T Capsules
50 mg, 100 mg
Concentrate for Injection 100 mg/ml
8.2: Cytotoxic medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Actinomycin D T Injection 0.5 mg
Alpha Interferon T Injection 3 million IU
Bleomycin T Injection 15 mg
Busulphan T Tablets 2 mg
10 mg / vial
Cisplatin T Injection
50 mg / vial
Tablets 50 mg, 200 mg
Cyclophosphamide T
Injection 500 mg
100 mg/vial
Cytosine
T Injection 500 mg/vial
arabinoside
1000 mg/vial
Danazol T Capsules 50 mg, 100 mg
Doxorubicin T Injection 10 mg, 50 mg
Capsules 100 mg
Etoposide T
Injection 100 mg/ 5 ml vial
Page 46 of 123
47. Flutamide T Tablet 250 mg
5-Fluorouracil T Injection 250 mg / 5 ml
Folinic Acid T Injection 3 mg / ml
Gemcitabine 200 mg
T Injection
hydrochloride 1 gm
L- Asparaginase T Injection 5000 KU.
Melphalan T Tablet 2 mg, 5 mg
Tablet 50 mg
Mercaptopurine T
Injection 100 mg / ml
Tablet 2.5 mg
Methotrexate T
Injection 50 mg / ml
Mitomycin-C T Injection 10 mg
Paclitaxel T Injection 30 mg / 5 ml
Procarbazine T Capsules 50 mg
Vinblastine
T Injection 10 mg
sulphate
Vincristine T Injection 1 mg / ml
Added medicines
Carboplatin T Injection 150 mg, 450 mg
vial
Dacarbazine T Injection 500 mg
Daunorubicin T Injection 20 mg vial
Ifosfamide T Injection 1 gm/2ml vial
Mesna T Injection 200 mg
Oxaliplatin T Injection 50 mg vial
Imatinib T Tablets 100 mg, 400 mg
Chlorambucil T Tablets 2 mg
Page 47 of 123
48. 8.3: Hormones and antihormones
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Tablets 5 mg
Prednisolone S, T 20 mg, 25 mg (as
Injection sodium phosphate
or succinate)
Raloxifene T Tablets 60 mg
Tamoxifen
T Tablets 10 mg, 20 mg
Citrate
8.4: Medicines used in palliative care
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Morphine
T Tablets 10 mg
Sulphate
Tablets 4 mg, 8 mg
Ondansetron S, T Injection 2 mg/ml
Syrup 2 mg/5 ml
Added Medicines
Filgrastim T Injection 1 ml vial
Allopurinol T Tablets 100 mg
Page 48 of 123
50. Section: 10 –Medicines affecting the blood
10.1: Antianaemia medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Cyanocobalamin P, S,T Injection 1 mg/ml
Ferrous P,S,T Tablets Tablets equivalent to 60
Sulphate/ mg elemental iron
Fumrate
Oral solution 25mg elemental iron (as
sulphate)/ml
Folic Acid P,S,T Tablets 1 mg , 5mg
Iron Dextran S, T Injection 50 mg iron/ml
Pyridoxine P,S,T Tablets 10 mg
10.2: Medicines affecting coagulation
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
1000 IU/ml
Heparin Sodium S, T Injection
5000 IU/ ml
Protamine
S, T Injection 10 mg/ml
Sulphate
Phytomenadione P, S, T Injection 10 mg/ml
Warfarin sodium S, T Tablets 5 mg
Added Medicines
Enoxaparin T Injection 40mg, 60mg
Page 50 of 123
51. Section: 11 –Blood products and Plasma substitutes
11.1: Plasma Substitutes
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Dextran-40 P,S,T Injection 10%
Dextran-70 P,S,T Injection 6%
Fresh frozen
T Injection
plasma
Hydroxyethyl
Starch S, T Injection 6%
(Hetastarch)
Polygeline S, T Injection 3.5%
11.2: Plasma fractions for specific use
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Albumin S, T Injection 5%, 20 %
Cryoprecipitate S, T Injection
Factor VIII
S, T Injection Dried
Concentrate
Factor IX
Complex
(Coagulation S, T Injection Dried
Factors II,VII, IX,
X)
Platelet Rich
S, T Injection
Plasma
Page 51 of 123
52. Section: 12 –Cardiovascular medicines
12.1: Antianginal medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
75mg, 100mg,
Acetyl salicylic acid P,S,T Tablets 350 mg
soluble/dispersible
Diltiazem S, T Tablets 30 mg, 60 mg
Glyceryl Trinitrate P,S,T Sublingual Tablets 0.5 mg
Injection 5mg/ml
Isosorbide 5
P,S,T Tablets 10 mg,
Mononitrate/
20 mg
Dinitrate
Tablets 25 mg, 50 mg
Metoprolol P,S,T
Injection 1mg/ml
Added Medicines
Clopidogrel T Tablets 75 mg
12.2: Antiarrhythmic medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Adenosine S,T Injection 3 mg/ml
100 mg, 200 mg
Amiodarone S, T Tablets
50 mg/ml (3 ml
Injection
ampoule)
S, T Tablets
30 mg, 60 mg
Diltiazem
T
Injection 5 mg/ ml
Page 52 of 123
53. Esmolol T 10 mg / ml
Injection
Lignocaine S, T Injection 1%, 2%
Hydrochloride
Procainamide Tablets 250 mg
T
Hydrochloride Injection 100mg/ml
Tablets 40 mg, 80 mg
Verapamil S, T
Injection 2.5mg/ml
12.3: Antihypertensive medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
2.5 mg,
Amlodipine P,S,T Tablets
5 mg
50mg,
Atenolol P,S,T Tablets
100 mg
Enalapril P,S,T Tablets 2.5 mg, 5mg
Maleate T Injection 1.25mg/ml
Losartan S, T Tablets 25 mg,
Potassium 50 mg
Methyldopa P,S, T Tablets 250 mg
Capsules
5 mg, 10mg
Tablets
Nifedipine S, T 10mg, 20mg
Sustained release tablets
10mg, 20mg
or capsules
Sodium T Injection
50 mg/ 5 ml
Nitroprusside
Added Medicines
12.5,
Hydrochlorthiazide P,S,T Tablets
25 mg
Page 53 of 123
54. 12.4: Medicines used in heart failure
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Tablets 0.25 mg
Digoxin
S, T Injection 0.25 mg/ml
Elixir 0.05 mg/ml
Dobutamine S, T Injection 50 mg / ml
Dopamine S,T Injection
40 mg / ml
Hydrochloride
12.5: Antithrombotic medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
75mg,
100mg,
Acetyl salicylic acid P,S,T Tablets
350 mg
soluble/dispersible
S, T Injection
1000 IU /ml
Heparin Sodium
5000 IU/ml
750,000 IU
S, T Injection
Streptokinase 15,00,000
IU
T Injection 500,000
Urokinase IU/ml
10,00,000 IU/ml
New Category - ADDED
12.6 Hypolipidemic Medicines
Atorvastatin P,S,T Tablets 5 mg, 10 mg
Page 54 of 123
55. Section: 13 –Dermatological medicines (Topical)
13.1: Antifungal medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Miconazole P,S,T Ointment or Cream 2%
13.2: Antiinfective medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Acyclovir S, T Cream 5%
Framycetin
P,S,T Cream 0.5%
Sulphate
Methylrosanilinium
Chloride (Gentian P,S,T Aqueous solution 0.5%
Violet)
Neomycin +
P,S,T Ointment 5 mg + 500 IU / g
Bacitracin
Povidone Iodine P,S,T Solution or Ointment 5%
Silver
P,S,T Cream 1%
Sulphadiazine
13.3: Antiinflammatory and antipruritic medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Betamethasone
P,S,T Cream / Ointment 0.05%
Dipropionate
Calamine P,S,T Lotion
13.4: Astringent Medicines
Route of Administration/
Medicines Category Strengths
Dosage Form
Zinc Oxide P,S,T Dusting Powder
Page 55 of 123