General principles of drug action
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This document summarizes general principles of drug action including route of administration, passage across body membranes, absorption, distribution, molecular mechanism of action, metabolism, and excretion. It discusses common routes like oral, parenteral, and sublingual. Factors affecting absorption include physiochemical properties, dosage form, drug solubility, and blood flow. Distribution is affected by plasma protein binding, cellular binding, and the blood-brain barrier. Drugs act through receptors and their affinity, potency, and antagonism. Termination occurs through redistribution and excretion primarily through the kidneys which is affected by processes like tubular reabsorption and secretion. Adverse drug reactions are classified as toxic, allergic, idiosync
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This document provides an overview of principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics. It discusses key topics including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Absorption involves drugs being taken up into systemic circulation and is influenced by route of administration, drug properties, and gastrointestinal factors. Distribution of drugs to tissues depends on blood flow, permeability, protein binding, lipophilicity, and tissue storage. Metabolism transforms drugs via phase I and phase II reactions, mainly in the liver, and can activate or inactivate compounds.
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This document discusses drug absorption, which is defined as the movement of an unchanged drug from the site of administration into systemic circulation. It describes the structure of the cell membrane and the main mechanisms of drug absorption: transcellular/intracellular transport, paracellular/intercellular transport, and vesicular transport. The phases of drug transfer from the GI site of absorption to systemic circulation are also outlined. Finally, the document lists and explains the various pharmaceutical and patient-related factors that can affect drug absorption.
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The document discusses various factors that affect oral drug absorption, including biological, physiological, physico-chemical, and pharmaceutical factors. It provides details on several biological factors such as penetration of drugs through the gastrointestinal tract, blood brain barrier, placental barrier, skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It also examines physiological factors like patient factors, gastrointestinal physiology, pH of the gastrointestinal tract, presystemic metabolism, absorption sites, protein binding, gastrointestinal transit time, and circadian rhythms that influence oral drug absorption. The document is presented by Deepak Kumar and provides a comprehensive overview of the key factors involved in oral drug absorption.
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5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
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General principles of drug action
- 1. Chapter 2 General Principles of Drug Action
- 5. II. Parenteral ( IV, IM, SC ID)
- 19. Chapter 3 Adverse Drug Reactions