This document discusses general management and leadership. It covers several topics: 1. It defines management and its importance in establishing equilibrium, reducing costs, and achieving goals. 2. It analyzes the role of managers as decision makers, discussing types of decisions, decision making processes, and approaches. 3. It also discusses group decision making, covering advantages like more complete information and increased acceptance of solutions, as well as disadvantages like time consumption and pressure to conform.

1. GENERAL MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP
DICKSON MDHLALOSE

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Learning Outcomes Assessment Criteria
Discuss Managing Today • Discuss Management and its importance.
• Describe the factors that are reshaping and
redefining management today.
• Important Managerial Issues
Analyse the role of a manager as a decision maker • Discuss the types of decisions, the decision-
making process, existing conditions, and
approaches used.
• Discuss group decision-making.
• Explain the contemporary issues in decision-
making.

4. MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
Management: is the coordination and administration of tasks to achieve a goal.
Importance:
 Establishes Equilibrium.
 Reduces Costs.
 It helps in Achieving Group Goals
 To maintain responsibility and order.
 Helps to achieve strategic goals and objectives.
 Delivering high-quality customer service
 Encouraging innovative efforts
 Using social media efficiently and effectively

6. MANAGEMENT ROLES
A role is a position

7. MANAGERIAL TASKS
A task is a job

8. SKILLS FOR GETTING AND KEEPING A JOB

9. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS
The term business environment means “the
aggregate of all the forces, factors and institutions
which are external to and beyond the control of an
individual business enterprise but which exercise a
significant influence on the functioning and growth
of individual enterprises.”

10. Describe the factors that are reshaping and redefining
today.

11. FACTORS
CONSTITUTING THE
INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT

12. FIVE PORTER
FORCES

13. INTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
 Organizational structure
 Vision, Mission and Objectives Statements
 Value System
 Organizational Culture
 Functions of a Business
 Management Tasks
 Plans and Policies
 Corporate Image
 Board of Directors
 Stake Holders

14. FACTORS OF
PRODUCTION

15. IMPORTANT MANAGERIAL ISSUES
Decreased
performance levels.
Being
understaffed.
Lack of
communication.
Poor teamwork.
Pressure to
perform.
Absence of
structure.
Time management.
Inadequate
support.

16. DECISION-MAKING TYPES
Decision Types
Decision-Making
conditions
Problem types Solution Types
Innovative
decisions
Adaptive
decisions
Routine decisions
Uncertainty
(high risks)
(low risk)
Certainty
Unique, unusual
and unknown
problems
Known and
clearly defined
problems
Unknown,
untried and
unique solutions
Known and
clearly defined
R
I
sk

17. RATIONAL DECISION-MAKING PROBLEM
Step 1
Identification of
the problem
Step 2
Identification of
Decision
Criteria
Step 3
Allocation of
Weights to
Criteria
Step 7
Implementation
of the
Alternative
Step 4
Development of
Alternatives
Step 5
Analysis of
Alternatives
Step 6
Selection of an
Alternative
Step 8
Evaluation of
Decision
Effectiveness

18. GROUP DECISION
Advantages of Group Decisions Disadvantages
More complete information Time-Consuming
Diversity of experiences and perspectives Minority domination
Increased acceptance of solution Ambiguous responsibility
Increased legitimacy Pressure to conform
 Group decision making, also referred to as collective or collective decision-making, is a participatory process
in which individuals participate jointly in the decision-making process.

20. THE CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN DECISION-MAKING
Time Constraints Biases
Conflict
Uncertainty
Bounded
Rationality
Big data
Creativity and
Thinking
Environment