This document discusses gender and migration. It begins with defining gender and sex, and explaining how gender studies have evolved from initially only examining male migrants to also considering female migrants' experiences. It then explores concepts like intersectionality, geographical scales, social locations, and power geometries as frameworks for examining gender in migration. Specific topics covered include the feminization of migration in Asia, common female-dominated and male-dominated labor markets, issues like "de-skilling" and transnational parenting, and how gender relations shape immigration patterns and settlement experiences for both women and men. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of rights and examining policies in both sending and receiving countries to address gender inequality in migration.
people centric development is one of the rarely discussed concept but is highly important topic in the present day advanced world. this presentation gives idea about different concepts like peoples participation, capacity building, facilitation of extension personnels, multistakeholder interactions, brokering in extension, innovation platforms etc. it gives a basic idea about all these concepts
The World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, presented to the Second Committee of the General Assembly at its fifty-ninth session (A/59/287), addresses key issues related to women and international migration. A summary of its main findings is presented below.
Women in politics. Let's make HERstory!Shiftbalance
For the past 100 years, women's political participation has been growing.
Yet the stats are still very limited.
What are the barriers to women's political engagement?
How can we better balance the voice of power?
Which initiatives exist around the world?
people centric development is one of the rarely discussed concept but is highly important topic in the present day advanced world. this presentation gives idea about different concepts like peoples participation, capacity building, facilitation of extension personnels, multistakeholder interactions, brokering in extension, innovation platforms etc. it gives a basic idea about all these concepts
The World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, presented to the Second Committee of the General Assembly at its fifty-ninth session (A/59/287), addresses key issues related to women and international migration. A summary of its main findings is presented below.
Women in politics. Let's make HERstory!Shiftbalance
For the past 100 years, women's political participation has been growing.
Yet the stats are still very limited.
What are the barriers to women's political engagement?
How can we better balance the voice of power?
Which initiatives exist around the world?
Introducing the basics of the Structurational theory whose author was Anthony Giddens. What's covered include; the key concepts, historical background, detailed breakdown, assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of the theory.
division of society on the base of wealth and birth, casteWajeeha Siddique
it consist of horizontal division of society into different class, like upper, middle, lower, and on the base of caste. effects of this stratification on society.
Introducing the basics of the Structurational theory whose author was Anthony Giddens. What's covered include; the key concepts, historical background, detailed breakdown, assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of the theory.
division of society on the base of wealth and birth, casteWajeeha Siddique
it consist of horizontal division of society into different class, like upper, middle, lower, and on the base of caste. effects of this stratification on society.
Defaulting to Open: How Open Data Can Build Trust in Government
Ryan Buell, Assistant Professor, Harvard Business School on learnings from Boston about how open data can increase residents' trust in their local government.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CofaLJZB1ag&index=45&list=PL65XgbSILalWFStqV0z0N9pvftstJ8AAh
Vulnerability of Women Migrant Workers in Thailand Pyeitphyo Swe
This power point slides are prepared for my classroom activities. I just want to share my knowledge and understanding on Gender and Migration. I hope that it will give some information for university students like me.
Presentation given at Gendered dimensions of migration: Material and social outcomes of South-South migration. 30 June - 2 July 2015 at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore http://migratingoutofpoverty.dfid.gov.uk/research/womenandchildren/gendered_dimensions
Gender, migration and recession - Ursula Barry, Women's Studies UCD School o...Conor McCabe
Slides from a lecture on gender, migration and recession by Ursula Barry, Women's Studies, UCD School of Social Justice, 18 November 2013. Lecture given as part of Gender and the Economy module.
Indian Women in the Labour Force
Dr. Vibhuti Patel
Reader, Centre for Women’s Studies
Department of Economics,
University of Mumbai, Kalina,
Santacruz (East), Mumbai-400098
E mail-vibhuti@vsnl.net Ph®-6770227
Ph(W)-6527956,57Ext.553,Fax-6528198
Statistical Profile of Women
• Women constitute ½ of the world’s population, 2/3 of the world’s labour force but get 1/10th of the world’s income and 1% of the world’s Wealth.
• As per 2001 Census, 23% of women are in the work force. 94% of all working women are in the informal sector.
Work participation rate
Major Findings of Time use Survey
– “Women carry a disproportionately greater burden of work than men and since women are responsible for a greater share of non-SNA
( system of National Accounts) work in the care economy , they enter labour market already overburdened with work.” Report of Gender Diagnosis and Budgeting in India of National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, NIPFP. December, 2001.
WORK PARTICIPATION RATES 1991
The Female Economic Activity Rate (FEAR)
Census of India, 2001, Series 1
Distribution of Women Employees Across Industries
Women in the organized Sector
Women constitute only 14% of the total employment in the organized sector. It is concentrated in Maharashtra, Delhi, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Tamilnadu.
In the urban areas, FEAR in tertiary sector has increased, from 37.6 % in 1983 to 52.9 % in 1999. (Economic Survey, 2002, GOI).
Here, women workers and employees get relatively better wages, standard working hours, and the protection of labour laws.
Women in the Informal Sector
Factors Affecting Women’s Labour Force Participation
• Changes in age-structure, urbanisation, level & nature of economic development, infrastructure, government policies, labour laws, nature of work, structure of family, culture & tradition affecting autonomy and control, fertility levels and childbearing practices, nature of housework,women’s property rights, education, age at marriage, migration, access to technology.
Segmentation in the labour market
• Nature of wage differentials (WD)-for identical tasks women are paid less. And women are confined to relatively inferior tasks, casual work.
• Causes of WD-patriarchal attitude, myths
• Effects of WD- subordination of women, son preference, man is treated as a “bread winner”- Head of the Household (HoH)
Affirmative Action to remove
Wage Differential
*Legislative measures
*Equal Remuneration Act
*Formation of women’s union
*Constitutional guarantees
*Job reservation for women
*Self Help Groups(SHGs)
Demands of the Women’s Groups
Labour Legislations
Special Facilities for Women
Women and Trade Unions(T.U.)
Women’s Action Plan for T.U.s
Role of Human Rights Organisations
Women and Development Debate
Development Alternatives With Women
Human Development With Distributive Justice
Implications of Development Process on Women
Use of conservative ideology to retrench and lay off women
Women’s Challenges to the T.U.s
Role of the UN System-ILO, UNICEF
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Gender Stratification Essay
Gender Stratification in the Workplace
Gender Stratification In Late Adulthood
Gender Stratification
Evolutionary View Of Gender Stratification
The Breadwinner/Caregiver Model
Life Chances And Equality Between Men And Women
Gender Stratification In The United States
Why Does Gender Stratification Exist? Essay
Gender Stratification And Its Impact On Society
Gender Stratification in the U.S. Today Essay
The Gender Division Between Men And Women Essay
Why Does Gender Stratification Exist?
Essay on History of Sexuality
Essay on Sex and Gender
Essay about Human Sexuality
Gender and Sexuality Essay
Female Sexuality Essay examples
Essay on Gender and Sexuality
Essay on Womens Sexuality
Reflection On Sexuality
All About Sex Essay
Essay on Sexuality and Sexual Identity
Sexuality in the Elderly Essays
Gender And Sexuality Essay
Gender refers to the roles and responsibilities of men and women that are created in our families, our societies and our cultures. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). Gender roles and expectations are learned. They can change over time and they vary within and between cultures. Systems of social differentiation such as political status, class, ethnicity, physical and mental disability, age and more, modify gender roles. The concept of gender is vital because, applied to social analysis, it reveals how women’s subordination (or men’s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined nor is it fixed forever.
1. Develop basic understanding and familiarity with key concepts- gender, gender bias, gender stereotype, empowerment, gender parity, equity, and equality, patriarchy and feminism;
2. Understand the gradual paradigm shift from women’ studies to gender studies and some important landmarks in connection with gender and education in the historical and contemporary period;
3. Learn about gender issues in school, curriculum, textual materials across disciplines, pedagogical processes and its intersection with class, caste, religion and region; and
4. Understand how gender, power and sexuality relate to education (in terms of access, curriculum and pedagogy).
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Outline
Introduction: What is gender?
Gender in the Migratory Process - Helma Lutz
Feminisation of Migration and the Social Dimensions
of Development: the Asian case - Nicola Piper
Short Film
Discussion Groups
Conclusion
4. Gender vs. Sex
According to the World Health
Organization:
“Sex” refers to the biological
and physiological
characteristics that define
men and women
“Gender” refers to the socially
constructed roles, behaviours,
activities, and attributes that
a given society considers
appropriate for men and
women
5. Gender in Migration
Scholarship
Until the 1970s, most research
focused exclusively on male
migrants.
In the 1970s and 1980s,
scholarship began to focus on
the experience of female
migrants.
Initially, the introduction of the
concept of gender into
migration studies meant simply
adding women to the male bias.
6. Gender as a Concept
“Gender is not simply a
variable to be measured, but a
set of social relations that
organize immigration
patterns. The task, then, is...
to begin with an examination
of how gender relations...
facilitate or constrain both
women’s and men’s
immigration and settlement.”
- Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo
7. Gendered Geographies of
Power
A framework for
examining gender
across transnational
spaces.
Composed of three
fundamental elements:
geographical scales,
social locations, and
power geometries.
8. Geographical Scales
Gender operates
simultaneously on multiple
spatial and social scales across
transnational terrains.
When looking at gender and
migration, think about the
impact on the macro-, meso-,
and micro- levels.
Ex. the body, the family, the
state
9. Social Locations
Person’s positions within
interconnected power hierarchies
created through historical,
political, economic, geographic,
kinship-based, and other socially
stratifying factors.
Imagine a social location
continuum from most
disadvantaged to most privileged
and locate people in different sites
along it, roughly identifying the
places and predicaments from
which they may take action.
12. Intersectionality
Intersectionality examines how various socially and
culturally constructed categories such as gender, race,
and class interact on multiple and often simultaneous
levels, contributing to systematic social inequality.
Intersectionality holds that the system of oppression
reflects the intersection of multiple forms of
discrimination.
13. Power Geometries
The types and degrees of agency people exert given their
social locations.
People’s social locations affect their access to resources and
mobility across transnational spaces, but also their agency as
initiators, refiners, and transformers of these locations.
15. Male/Female Dichotomy
and the Agency Debate
Female migrant: Victim or Agent? Voluntary or
involuntary migrant?
Male migrant: Victim or Agent? Voluntary or
involuntary migrant?
16. POP QUIZ QUESTION # 3
What are some female dominated labour markets?
What are some male dominated labour markets?
17. The Labour Market
Labour markets are gendered
“Feminized” domains of work
(domestic, entertainment,
care work, prostitution)
“Male dominated” domains or
work (trucking, construction)
Different and similar
experiences for male and
female migrants
18. Care Practices
Rich families
“outsource...the three c’s”
to migrant women
Effects of “female
breadwinners” on families
Example: Mohamed
Mansaray, 25 years old,
deported from Winnipeg
Burden of care falls on
women
19. Discourses and
Transnational Parenting
“The absence of migrated
fathers is more widely
accepted than the absence
of mothers” (Lutz, 1653)
‘“Euro-orphan”
23. Linking Migration &
Development
Shift from the economic to
the social
women use migration as
an escape route
Asian women migrate “for
the sake of the family”
24. Pros and Cons
Research on earlier intra-Asian migration found that:
On the one hand women benefited from higher
levels of independence and decision-making power;
but the strain of the increased workload and
responsibilities was in some cases found to have had
negative implications.
25. Feminisation of Migration
in Asia
Asia as a whole is one of the
two regions in the world
where there were still
slightly more males than
females migrants by the
year 2005.
The bulk of women comes
from Philippines, Sri
Lanka and Indonesia.
28. Visibility
The out-going flows of
women from Indonesia,
Sri Lanka, and the
Philippines make up
65%-75% of workers
who are deployed legally
on an annual basis.
International marriages
are not included in official
statistics
29. Marriage
It was recently
impossible for a female
professional migrant to
bring her husband as
‘accompanying
spouse’ (although this
has always been possible
for male professionals).
30. Feminisation of Migration
in Asia cont.
women dominate in jobs
connected to social
reproduction (eg child
care, domestic work) or
work which requires
“nimble fingers” (eg
textiles)
women also migrate in
response to the great
demand for sexual labour
32. Migrant rights
“Issue of de-skilling”
well educated women doing
low-skilled work due to the
relative inability to access
legal channels
Restrictive migration policies
and legally unrecognized work
of migrants pose serious
limitationsto women’s
migrants’ chances of personal
socioeconomic empowerment.
33. Increasing trends
Aiming to improve their
livelihoods and that of
their families in the face
of rising male un- and
under- employment,
increasing numbers of
women seek work in
foreign countries in
different types of
occupations.
35. Discussion Questions
Do you think the stereotype of the ‘lone, rugged male’
migrant worker has persisted? If not, what is the
stereotype of a ‘typical’ migrant today?
How do you react to the following statement?
“Female migration seems to be seen as
unproblematic as long as it is restricted to
unmarried, young and single females, but it is seen as
a threat for social coherence where it concerns
mothers of young children.” (Lutz, 1656)
36. Discussion Questions
Are men and women different in their ability to
contribute to the local and global economy and a
country’s development?
What are the social consequences of the feminisation
of migration in receiving countries? Will their attitudes
towards migrants become less hostile as females are
seen as less threatening than men?
37. Discussion Questions
Compare and contrast the migratory experiences of the
two Nepalese women in the film. How does this relate
to the concept of social location?
Is the femnisation of migration a positive force for
women’s rights in sending countries or does it play a
negative role in reenforcing gender divisions of labour?
38. Final Thoughts
“Gender is not simply a
variable to be measures, but a
set of social relations that
organize immigration
patterns. The task, then, is...
to begin with an examination
of how gender
relations...facilitate or
constrain both women’s and
men’s immigration and
settlement.” - Pierrette
Hondagneu-Sotelo
39. Migrant Rights
Rights are one of the most
important ways in which to
address the fundamental root
causes of migration.
Restrictive migration policies
and legally unrecognized
work of migrants pose serious
limitations to female
migrants’ chances of personal
socioeconomic
empowerment.
40. Discourse and Policies
It’s important to look
at the discourse and
policies in both sending
and receiving countries
in relation to gender
and gender inequality
in migration and
migrants lives.
41. THANKS FOR COMING
TO CLASS AND
LISTENING TO US!
Gender and Migration
By: Oriana Marsh, Vera Mirhady, and Yvonne Su