Gatewatching and News Curation: Industry Responses to Habitual Newssharing by Audiences
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Keynote presented at the Haifa-LINKS Symposium on Content Producers: Incentives, Motivations, and Value Creation, Haifa, 18 Feb. 2018.
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Gatewatching and News Curation: Industry Responses to Habitual Newssharing by Audiences
- 1. Gatewatching and News Curation: Industry Responses to Habitual Newssharing by Audiences Prof. Axel Bruns ARC Future Fellow Digital Media Research Centre Queensland University of Technology a.bruns@qut.edu.au – @snurb_dot_info
- 2. Gatewatching and News Curation Axel Bruns. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. New York: Peter Lang, 2018.
- 3. ANCIENT HISTORY (THE 2000s)ANCIENT HISTORY
- 5. User-Led Disruptions to the News ‘random acts of journalism’ — JD Lasica ‘a leap to authorship’ — Douglas Rushkoff ‘the people formerly known as the audience’ — Jay Rosen from ‘filter, then publish’ to ‘publish, then filter’ — Clay Shirky ‘my readers know more than I do’ — Dan Gillmor news blogs, citizen journalism sites Drudge Report breaks Clinton/Lewinsky Salam Pax live-blogs bombing raids on Baghdad
- 6. The Rise of Citizen Journalism (in the Google n-gram viewer)
- 7. Image by Yea I Knit
- 8. From Parasites to Colleagues ‘journalists [have not] been eager to let the public in on how the sausage is made’ — Jane Singer but doing ‘proper’ journalism is resource-intensive: gatewatching, not gatekeeping ‘the balance of power between journalism and its publics is shifting’ — Jo Bardoel & Mark Deuze ‘the democratization of opinion on the net’ — Clay Shirky ‘the Internet, at its ugliest, is just an open sewer’ — Thomas L. Friedman ‘without the daily work of print journalists, one wonders if … blogs would contain any real news’ — Paul Andrews ‘blogs … are being “normalized” by journalists’ — Jane Singer ‘we cannot expect citizen-journalism projects to provide serious competition to established, corporate media’ — Chris Atton
- 9. The Story So Far News Organisations Journalists J-Bloggers Pundits Masthead Websites Audiences Citizen Journalists News Bloggers Political Junkies Blogger, Wordpress, etc.
- 10. A SECOND WAVE OF DISRUPTION
- 12. Social Media as Citizen Media ‘a vital source for real-time citizen news’ during crises — Stuart Allan ‘the witnesses are taking over the news’ — Jeff Jarvis ‘there is journalism before Twitter and journalism after Twitter’ — Emily Bell ‘a new seismograph for current and surprising events’ — Christoph Neuberger ‘a common medium for professional journalism and citizen journalism’ — Gilad Lotan et al. ‘social awareness streams … outside the formal structures of journalism’ — Alfred Hermida ‘crowdsourc[ing] prevalent actors and their tweets to prominence’ — Sharon Meraz & Zizi Papacharissi
- 13. A Generational Shift (Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism: Digital News Report 2017)
- 15. The Story Now News Organisations Journalists Pundits Users Sources Experts Citizen Journalists Social Media Scholarly Research Legacy Media Partisan Sites Official Sources
- 16. Journalism and / on Social Media ‘hybrid system’ of ‘“older” and “newer” media’ — Andrew Chadwick et al. ‘with social media, journalism and audiences meet on uncommon ground’ — Wiebke Loosen and Jan Schmidt ‘spontaneously emerging encounter publics’ — Christoph Neuberger et al. ‘networks for the wild flows of messages’ — Jürgen Habermas from random acts of journalism to habitual acts of gatewatching and newssharing not democratic (equal voices), but demotic (widespread participation) collective news curation by social media users, including journalists
- 17. (Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism: Digital News Report 2016)
- 18. Industry Responses ban newssharing: paywalls, premium access, … ‘newspapers should want to be open and collaborative’ — Alan Rusbridger belittle and vilify social media and their users ‘Twitter is … little more than a leftwing echo chamber’ — Chris Mitchell revisit after major breakthrough events ‘I can’t tell you how many times I heard journos admit they “better get into this Twitter thing” that fortnight’ – Latika Bourke ‘an obsolete job description just might equal success’ for The Guardian’s Head of Digital Engagement – Joy Mayer create ‘social media editors’ to coordinate the organisation’s strategy
- 19. Journalists’ Responses ‘individuals may be replacing institutions as the fundamental unit of the profession’ — Logan Molyneux and Avery Holton use for personal branding distinct from the news organisation ‘if you haven’t made it already as a journalist, you won’t become a journalist unless you engage with social media’ — Silvia Costeloe ‘Twitter has been accepted as a ‘normalized’ medium, particularly among younger professionals’ — Sada Reed accept as a standard tool of the trade … … and exploit for personal advancement explore new modes and formats of journalistic work ‘immersed in social awareness streams that serve simultaneously as newswire, newsroom and new outlet’ — Alfred Hermida
- 21. WHERE TO FROM HERE?
- 22. Reshaping Networks ‘when reporters rely solely on social media, negotiation-through-conversation is bypassed’ — Marcel Broersma and Todd Graham ‘reinforced the groupthink and echo chamber that is Washington political coverage’ — journalist interviewed by John H. Parmelee ‘you design your own filter bubble’ — Paul Bradshaw ‘Twitter has taken the conversations political reporters would have at the press table … and pushed them into the public’ — Parmelee’s journalist more groupthink and concerns about echo chambers and filter bubbles, but also greater exposure of groupthink and insider talk to public scrutiny removing journalists as an inherently necessary part of the news process
- 23. Normalisation in Precarious Times ‘a more involved presence on Twitter … resulted in significant oomph in correspondents’ popularity’ — Raluca Cozma and Kuan-Ju Chen ‘you go into survival mode, which for me means becoming a walking, talking, texting, tweeting, whatever billboard for myself’ — journalist interviewed by Logan Molyneux and Avery Holton ‘does journalism now include not only the content but also the journalist herself?’ — Ulrika Hedman normalisation of social media into journalism, or normalisation of journalism into social media? if journalists and their content are free on Twitter, who pays the bills?
- 25. Quantifying Journalism ‘systematic analysis of quantitative data on various aspects of audience behavior’ ― Federica Cherubini and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen ‘basically, contemporary forms of analytics are very good at understanding the main ways in which people used digital media in 2010’ ― Cherubini and Nielsen ‘“It’s like crack,” he said, grinning. “You can sit here and watch it, popping all night.”’ ― newsroom manager interviewed by Edson Tandoc Jr. a feedback loop between newsroom gatekeeping and audience gatewatching ‘if the company’s not making money then I might get laid off’ ― Tandoc Jr.’s interviewee ‘the natural inclination, if one metric is seen as the important, true metric … is to game it’ ― Jonah Peretti ‘Buzzfeed has been built around the proposition that distribution of journalism will happen primarily through social networks’ ― Jonah Peretti
- 26. Platform Power ‘journalists … are a pretty useful source of marketing for Twitter’ ― Ali Nobil Ahmad ‘transforming newspaper websites into appendages of Americanized corporate information capitalism’ ― Ali Nobil Ahmad ‘65% of the digital ad revenue pie is swallowed up by just five tech companies’ ― Pew Research Center ‘a trade-off between control of your own journalism, versus reaching large audiences’ ― Emily Bell ‘we are definitely not a media company, but we do recognise that we play an important role and that means we have responsibilities’ ― Facebook VP John Hegeman need to re-route some revenue streams from platforms to content producers ‘fake news’ panic may provide an opportunity for wider regulatory intervention
- 27. Sydney Morning Herald: “Facebook, Twitter, Google grilled over elections ads at Russia inquiry” http://www.smh.com.au/world/facebook-twitter-google-grilled-over-elections-ads-at-russia-inquiry-20171031-gzcbw7.html
- 28. TL;DR Summary social media as a tertiary space which does not inherently privilege journalists and outlets metrification of engagement may promote populism and invite gaming gatewatching and newssharing is now habitual for news users new opportunities for journalists as news curators and personal brands normalisation of social media, or normalisation of journalism into social media major generational shift towards social media as primary news source platforms siphoning off most of the advertising revenue funding for journalism remains precarious need to enforce platforms’ corporate social responsibility?
- 29. Gatewatching and News Curation Axel Bruns. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. New York: Peter Lang, 2018.
- 30. http://snurb.info/ @snurb_dot_info @socialmediaQUT – http://socialmedia.qut.edu.au/ @qutdmrc – https://www.qut.edu.au/research/dmrc This research is supported by the ARC Future Fellowship project “Understanding Intermedia Information Flows in the Australian Online Public Sphere”, the ARC Discovery project “Journalism beyond the Crisis: Emerging Forms, Practices, and Uses”, and the ARC LIEF project “TrISMA: Tracking Infrastructure for Social Media Analysis.”