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From Parasites to Colleagues
‘journalists [have not] been eager to let the public in on how the
sausage is made’ — Jane Singer
but doing ‘proper’ journalism is resource-intensive: gatewatching, not gatekeeping
‘the balance of power between journalism and its publics is shifting’
— Jo Bardoel & Mark Deuze
‘the democratization of opinion on the net’ — Clay Shirky
‘the Internet, at its ugliest, is just an open sewer’ — Thomas L. Friedman
‘without the daily work of print journalists, one wonders if … blogs would
contain any real news’ — Paul Andrews
‘blogs … are being “normalized” by journalists’ — Jane Singer
‘we cannot expect citizen-journalism projects to provide serious
competition to established, corporate media’ — Chris Atton](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gatewatchingrevisited-181031133659/75/Gatewatching-Revisited-Habitualisation-Demoticisation-Normalisation-6-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byAxel Bruns
Gatewatching Revisited: Habitualisation, Demoticisation, Normalisation
This document summarizes key points from Axel Bruns' research on how social media has impacted journalism. It discusses how gatewatching and news sharing have become habitual on social platforms. Journalists have adapted by becoming news curators and personal brands. However, platforms now siphon most advertising revenue, leaving journalism funding precarious. The document calls for ensuring platforms uphold corporate social responsibility and providing public interest research access to user data.
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Gatewatching Revisited: Habitualisation, Demoticisation, Normalisation
- 1. @qutdmrc ECREA 2018, Lugano,31 Oct. to 3 Nov. 2018 Axel Bruns | @snurb_dot_info Gatewatching Revisited Habitualisation, Demoticisation, Normalisation
- 2. Submissions due 1March 2019 – see http://aoir.org/ for details.
- 3. @qutdmrc Gatewatching and NewsCuration Axel Bruns. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. New York: Peter Lang, 2018.
- 4. Ancient History (The2000s)Ancient History (The 2000s)
- 5.
- 6. @qutdmrc From Parasites toColleagues ‘journalists [have not] been eager to let the public in on how the sausage is made’ — Jane Singer but doing ‘proper’ journalism is resource-intensive: gatewatching, not gatekeeping ‘the balance of power between journalism and its publics is shifting’ — Jo Bardoel & Mark Deuze ‘the democratization of opinion on the net’ — Clay Shirky ‘the Internet, at its ugliest, is just an open sewer’ — Thomas L. Friedman ‘without the daily work of print journalists, one wonders if … blogs would contain any real news’ — Paul Andrews ‘blogs … are being “normalized” by journalists’ — Jane Singer ‘we cannot expect citizen-journalism projects to provide serious competition to established, corporate media’ — Chris Atton
- 7. A Second Waveof Disruption
- 8.
- 9. @qutdmrc Journalism and /on Social Media ‘hybrid system’ of ‘“older” and “newer” media’ — Andrew Chadwick et al. ‘with social media, journalism and audiences meet on uncommon ground’ — Wiebke Loosen and Jan Schmidt ‘spontaneously emerging encounter publics’ — Christoph Neuberger et al. ‘networks for the wild flows of messages’ — Jürgen Habermas from random acts of journalism to habitual acts of gatewatching and newssharing not democratic (equal voices), but demotic (widespread participation) collective news curation by social media users, including journalists
- 10. (Reuters Institute forthe Study of Journalism: Digital News Report 2016)
- 11.
- 12. Where to fromHere?
- 13. @qutdmrc Reshaping Networks ‘when reportersrely solely on social media, negotiation-through-conversation is bypassed’ — Marcel Broersma and Todd Graham ‘reinforced the groupthink and echo chamber that is Washington political coverage’ — journalist interviewed by John H. Parmelee ‘you design your own filter bubble’ — Paul Bradshaw ‘Twitter has taken the conversations political reporters would have at the press table … and pushed them into the public’ — Parmelee’s journalist more groupthink and concerns about echo chambers and filter bubbles, but also greater exposure of groupthink and insider talk to public scrutiny removing journalists as an inherently necessary part of the news process
- 14. @qutdmrc Normalisation in PrecariousTimes ‘a more involved presence on Twitter … resulted in significant oomph in correspondents’ popularity’ — Raluca Cozma and Kuan-Ju Chen ‘you go into survival mode, which for me means becoming a walking, talking, texting, tweeting, whatever billboard for myself’ — journalist interviewed by Logan Molyneux and Avery Holton ‘does journalism now include not only the content but also the journalist herself?’ — Ulrika Hedman normalisation of social media into journalism, or normalisation of journalism into social media? if journalists and their content are free on Twitter, who pays the bills?
- 15. Journalism and ItsPlatforms
- 16.
- 17. @qutdmrc Quantifying Journalism ‘systematic analysisof quantitative data on various aspects of audience behavior’ ― Federica Cherubini and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen ‘basically, contemporary forms of analytics are very good at understanding the main ways in which people used digital media in 2010’ ― Cherubini and Nielsen ‘“It’s like crack,” he said, grinning. “You can sit here and watch it, popping all night.”’ ― newsroom manager interviewed by Edson Tandoc Jr. a feedback loop between newsroom gatekeeping and audience gatewatching ‘if the company’s not making money then I might get laid off’ ― Tandoc Jr.’s interviewee ‘the natural inclination, if one metric is seen as the important, true metric … is to game it’ ― Jonah Peretti ‘Buzzfeed has been built around the proposition that distribution of journalism will happen primarily through social networks’ ― Jonah Peretti
- 18. @qutdmrc Platform Power ‘journalists …are a pretty useful source of marketing for Twitter’ ― Ali Nobil Ahmad ‘transforming newspaper websites into appendages of Americanized corporate information capitalism’ ― Ali Nobil Ahmad ‘65% of the digital ad revenue pie is swallowed up by just five tech companies’ ― Pew Research Center ‘a trade-off between control of your own journalism, versus reaching large audiences’ ― Emily Bell ‘we are definitely not a media company, but we do recognise that we play an important role and that means we have responsibilities’ ― Facebook VP John Hegeman need to re-route some revenue streams from platforms to content producers ‘fake news’ panic may provide an opportunity for wider regulatory intervention
- 19. The Irish Sun:“What did Mark Zuckerberg tell Congress and did the Facebook CEO address the Cambridge Analytica data leak in his testimony?” https://www.thesun.ie/news/2426061/what-did-mark-zuckerberg-tell-congress-and-did-the-facebook-ceo-address-the-cambridge-analytica-data-leak-in-his-testimony/
- 20. @qutdmrc TL;DR Summary social mediaas a tertiary space which does not inherently privilege journalists and outlets metrification of engagement may promote populism and invite gaming gatewatching and newssharing is now habitual for news users new opportunities for journalists as news curators and personal brands normalisation of social media, or normalisation of journalism into social media major generational shift towards social media as primary news source platforms siphoning off most of the advertising revenue funding for journalism remains precarious need to enforce platforms’ corporate social responsibility?
- 21.
- 22. @qutdmrc Against the APILockout Furthermore, we demand that social media platforms provide data access to critical, independent, public-interest research.
- 23. @qutdmrc ECREA 2018, Lugano,31 Oct. to 3 Nov. 2018 Axel Bruns | @snurb_dot_info @snurb_dot_info – http://snurb.info/ @socialmediaQUT – http://socialmedia.qut.edu.au/ @qutdmrc – https://www.qut.edu.au/research/dmrc This research is supported by the ARC Future Fellowship project “Understanding Intermedia Information Flows in the Australian Online Public Sphere”, the ARC Discovery project “Journalism beyond the Crisis”, and the ARC LIEF project “TrISMA: Tracking Infrastructure for Social Media Analysis.”