Lecture 6 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Meet the Audience: How Journalists Adapt to Social Media. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 5. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 7: Management and Metrics: The News Industry and Social MediaAxel Bruns
Lecture 7 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Management and Metrics: The News Industry and Social Media. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 6. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 4: Random Acts of Gatewatching: Everyday Newssharing PracticesAxel Bruns
Lecture 4 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Random Acts of Gatewatching: Everyday Newssharing Practices. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 4. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 2: From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: The First Wave of Citizen M...Axel Bruns
Lecture 2 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: The First Wave of Citizen Media. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 2. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 7: Management and Metrics: The News Industry and Social MediaAxel Bruns
Lecture 7 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Management and Metrics: The News Industry and Social Media. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 6. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 4: Random Acts of Gatewatching: Everyday Newssharing PracticesAxel Bruns
Lecture 4 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Random Acts of Gatewatching: Everyday Newssharing Practices. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 4. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 2: From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: The First Wave of Citizen M...Axel Bruns
Lecture 2 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: The First Wave of Citizen Media. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 2. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 13: Conclusion: A Social News Media NetworkAxel Bruns
Lecture 13 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Conclusion: A Social News Media Network. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 9. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 1: Introduction: What’s So Different about Journalism Today?Axel Bruns
Lecture 1 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Introduction. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 1. Peter Lang.
This paper presents some of the preliminary results of the research project “Active Audiences and Journalism: Engaged citizens or motivated consumers?”. The findings presented in this paper are based on a mixed-methods approach, in which both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to better understand Spanish audiences’ attitudes and motivations towards online participation. The research is focused on the study of citizens’ opinion about the democratic function of news media and their role in a new media environment in which any citizen can potentially become a content producer. More specifically, this subproject is aimed at better comprehend the motivations that foster citizens to actively participate by using the mechanisms provided by online news media within their websites (blogs, comments, forums, recommendations, calls for stories and pictures) as well as the open platforms of social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and others).
Results show that although the widespread discourses of distrust connected to journalists and traditional media institutions, as well as the general complaints about the actual practice of the journalistic profession, the common understanding of the participatory dimension of the new media environment is not constructed in relation to discourses of change or modification of the existing hegemonies. Instead of turning to alternative sources (such as citizen journalism or non-traditional media), or taking the lead with participatory practices of content creation, participants prefer to continue respecting journalism as a profession and traditional media institutions as the main producers of news as well as the most trusted sources of information. In fact, 50% of online users follow media accounts on social networks, and 1 out 3 also following journalists. Nevertheless, although the gatekeeping model of journalism is not yet in crisis, contacts on social media do act as a new kind of gatekeepers (81% of news recommended on social media come from contacts). These new gatekeepers, however, do not contribute to diversify news’ exposure: most of the news that users receive recommended by their social media contacts are from media sources that they already read (75%), and only 7% are from media of different ideological perspectives than their own.
The participatory dimension of the new media environment provides to citizens different ways to produce and publish online their own content about public issues. Regarding this ‘amateur’ or ‘non‐professional’ news content, research participants show highest level of trust on the content originated by professional journalists than in the content produced by the non-professional ones.
Gatewatching 13: Conclusion: A Social News Media NetworkAxel Bruns
Lecture 13 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Conclusion: A Social News Media Network. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 9. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 1: Introduction: What’s So Different about Journalism Today?Axel Bruns
Lecture 1 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Introduction. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 1. Peter Lang.
This paper presents some of the preliminary results of the research project “Active Audiences and Journalism: Engaged citizens or motivated consumers?”. The findings presented in this paper are based on a mixed-methods approach, in which both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to better understand Spanish audiences’ attitudes and motivations towards online participation. The research is focused on the study of citizens’ opinion about the democratic function of news media and their role in a new media environment in which any citizen can potentially become a content producer. More specifically, this subproject is aimed at better comprehend the motivations that foster citizens to actively participate by using the mechanisms provided by online news media within their websites (blogs, comments, forums, recommendations, calls for stories and pictures) as well as the open platforms of social media (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and others).
Results show that although the widespread discourses of distrust connected to journalists and traditional media institutions, as well as the general complaints about the actual practice of the journalistic profession, the common understanding of the participatory dimension of the new media environment is not constructed in relation to discourses of change or modification of the existing hegemonies. Instead of turning to alternative sources (such as citizen journalism or non-traditional media), or taking the lead with participatory practices of content creation, participants prefer to continue respecting journalism as a profession and traditional media institutions as the main producers of news as well as the most trusted sources of information. In fact, 50% of online users follow media accounts on social networks, and 1 out 3 also following journalists. Nevertheless, although the gatekeeping model of journalism is not yet in crisis, contacts on social media do act as a new kind of gatekeepers (81% of news recommended on social media come from contacts). These new gatekeepers, however, do not contribute to diversify news’ exposure: most of the news that users receive recommended by their social media contacts are from media sources that they already read (75%), and only 7% are from media of different ideological perspectives than their own.
The participatory dimension of the new media environment provides to citizens different ways to produce and publish online their own content about public issues. Regarding this ‘amateur’ or ‘non‐professional’ news content, research participants show highest level of trust on the content originated by professional journalists than in the content produced by the non-professional ones.
Types of Polarisation and Their Operationalisation in Digital and Social Medi...Axel Bruns
Paper by Axel Bruns, Tariq Choucair, Katharina Esau, Sebastian Svegaard, and Samantha Vilkins, presented at the Association of Internet Researchers conference, Philadelphia, 18 Oct. 2023.
Determining the Drivers and Dynamics of Partisanship and Polarisation in Onli...Axel Bruns
Paper by Axel Bruns, Katharina Esau, Tariq Choucair, Sebastian Svegaard, and Samantha Vilkins, presented at the ECREA Political Communication conference in Berlin, 1 Sep. 2023.
Towards a New Empiricism: Polarisation across Four DimensionsAxel Bruns
Paper by Axel Bruns, Tariq Choucair, Katharina Esau, Sebastian Svegaard, and Samantha Vilkins, presented at the IAMCR 2023 conference, Lyon, 9-13 July 2023.
The Anatomy of Virality: How COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Spread across Socia...Axel Bruns
Keynote by Axel Bruns, with Edward Hurcombe and Stephen Harrington, presented at the International Center for Journalists' Empowering the Truth Summit, 23 Feb. 2023.
A Platform Policy Implementation Audit of Actions against Russia’s State-Cont...Axel Bruns
Paper by Sofya Glazunova, Anna Ryzhova, Axel Bruns, Silvia Ximena Montaña-Niño, Arista Beseler, and Ehsan Dehghan, presented at the International Communication Association conference, Toronto, 29 May 2023.
The Filter in Our (?) Heads: Digital Media and PolarisationAxel Bruns
Invited presentation in a seminar series organised by the Centre for Deliberative Democracy & Global Governance at the University of Canberra, the QUT Digital Media Research Centre, and the News and Media Research Centre at the University of Canberra.
Gatewatching 5: Weaponising Newssharing: ‘Fake News’ and Other MalinformationAxel Bruns
Lecture 5 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A., Harrington, S., & Hurcombe, E. (2021). Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories: Tracing Misinformation Trajectories from the Fringes to the Mainstream. In M. Lewis, E. Govender, & K. Holland (Eds.), Communicating COVID-19: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 229–249). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79735-5_12
Gatewatching 10: New(s) Publics in the Public SphereAxel Bruns
Lecture 10 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). New(s) Publics in the Public Sphere. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 8. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 11: Echo Chambers? Filter Bubbles? Reviewing the EvidenceAxel Bruns
Lecture 11 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2022). Echo Chambers? Filter Bubbles? The Misleading Metaphors That Obscure the Real Problem. In M. Pérez-Escolar & J. M. Noguera-Vivo (Eds.), Hate Speech and Polarization in Participatory Society (pp. 33–48). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003109891-4
Lecture 8 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). Hybrid News Coverage: Liveblogs. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 7. Peter Lang.
Gatewatching 9: ‘Real’ News and ‘Fake’ News: Fact-Checking and Media LiteracyAxel Bruns
Lecture 9 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Graves, L., & Cherubini, F. (2016). The Rise of Fact-Checking Sites in Europe. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d55ef650-e351-4526-b942-6c9e00129ad7
Gatewatching 3: #BREAKING: Social News Curation during Acute EventsAxel Bruns
Lecture 3 in the course From Gatekeeping to Gatewatching: News and Journalism in the Digital Age.
This lecture series addresses the continuing transformation of the production and consumption of journalism in the contemporary media environment. It provides a brief history of the impact of participatory online news production and engagement practices – from the first wave of citizen journalism to the social media platforms of today – on how news content is disseminated and experienced; examines reactive and proactive responses to these changes by news organisations and journalists; and explores the longer-term impact of these developments on the public sphere, touching on the power of social media platforms and their role in shaping their users’ information diets.
Readings are largely drawn from Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere (Bruns, 2018), with additional readings recommended for selected lectures.
Reading for this lecture:
Bruns, A. (2018). #BREAKING: Social News Curation during Acute Events. Gatewatching and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 3. Peter Lang.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Gatewatching 6: Meet the Audience: How Journalists Adapt to Social Media
1. CRICOS No.00213J
Meet the Audience:
How Journalists Adapt to Social Media
Prof. Axel Bruns
Guest Professor, IKMZ, University of Zürich
a.bruns@qut.edu.au — a.bruns@ikmz.uzh.ch
2. CRICOS No.00213J
The Story So Far
• New approaches to news publishing and engagement:
• The first wave of citizen journalism: blogs, Indymedia, etc. (mid-1990s to mid-2000s)
• Social media (especially Twitter) as platforms for breaking news (from mid- to late 2000s)
• Habitual gatewatching and newssharing as a demotic practice on all platforms
• Newssharing as a key practice in the spread of ‘fake news’ (mis/dis/malinformation)
• So what about journalists and the news media?
• Individual journalists use of social media (this week)
• Industry responses to social media (next week)
• Liveblogs as a new format inspired by social media (week 8)
• Fact-checking and media literacy initiatives to counter misinformation (week 9)
5. CRICOS No.00213J
A Conservative Profession
• Journalism is always sceptical of new technologies:
• Telegraph
• Automated typesetting
• Radio
• Television
• Internet
• Social media
• …
• (except for a handful of early adopters, advocates, and evangelists)
7. CRICOS No.00213J
The Australian, 2016
‘Twitter, a medium with a maximum of 140
characters, is not conducive to logical thought,
deep research, reflection or independence of
thought. It is really a place where activists cheer
each other on, often in the foulest language or with
the most naive affirmations of clearly partisan
positions.’ — Chris Mitchell
‘Twitter is the worst. I would call it little more than a
leftwing echo chamber for various highly politicised
activists, including many journalists. This is not
surprising since it was actually invented as a way
for pop stars to talk to their fans rather than to
discuss serious issues.’ — Chris Mitchell https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/chris-mitchells-mea-culpa-im-sorry-i-gave-you-kevin-rudd/news-story/695a5d1d034eff56eb4219ad97336602
8. CRICOS No.00213J
Why?
• Change is disruptive:
• New technologies
• New work processes
• New costs
• New business models
• New audiences
• New competitors
• New power structures
• (and the industry is already struggling…)
‘[journalists at] the nation’s leading news organizations …
may be more inclined to keep the status quo than their
counterparts at news organizations with possibly less
reach and influence’ — Lasorsa et al.
10. But: Changing Audience Preferences
Newman,
N.
(2011).
Mainstream
Media
and
the
Distribution
of
News
in
the
Age
of
Social
Discovery:
How
Social
Media
Are
Changing
the
Production,
Distribution
and
Discovery
of
News
and
Further
Disrupting
the
Business
Models
of
Mainstream
Media
Companies.
Reuters
Institute
for
the
Study
of
Journalism,
University
of
Oxford.
11. And: Changing Audience Practices
Newman,
N.
(2011).
Mainstream
Media
and
the
Distribution
of
News
in
the
Age
of
Social
Discovery:
How
Social
Media
Are
Changing
the
Production,
Distribution
and
Discovery
of
News
and
Further
Disrupting
the
Business
Models
of
Mainstream
Media
Companies.
Reuters
Institute
for
the
Study
of
Journalism,
University
of
Oxford.
12. And: Changing Audience Traffic Patterns
Newman,
N.
(2011).
Mainstream
Media
and
the
Distribution
of
News
in
the
Age
of
Social
Discovery:
How
Social
Media
Are
Changing
the
Production,
Distribution
and
Discovery
of
News
and
Further
Disrupting
the
Business
Models
of
Mainstream
Media
Companies.
Reuters
Institute
for
the
Study
of
Journalism,
University
of
Oxford.
13. CRICOS No.00213J
Who Are the Early Adopters, Then?
• Change is easier for:
• Financially secure, non-market-driven outlets (public service media, The Guardian)
• Smaller, more agile, specialist outlets
• Journalists in specific newsbeats
• ‘Born-digital’ news start-ups
• Freelance and independent journalists
• Younger, less established journalists
• ‘Digital natives’
• Journalist-academics
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‘I can’t tell you how many times I heard journos admit they “better get into this
Twitter thing,” that fortnight … It was the only service providing minute-by-minute
updates of the very fluid situation’ — Latika Bourke qtd. in Posetti
‘networked journalism has arrived [in the 2010 British general election]’ — Beckett
‘I remember tweeting the video and looking an hour later at the retweets
and realising that we had this enormous pyramid of distribution and then
three hours later looking at the geographical spread (Brazil, America) and
thinking that is an extraordinary thing.’ — Janine Gibson qtd. in Newman
19. CRICOS No.00213J
social media reporter
social media coordinator
social media editor
social media news curator
social media evangelist
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Social Media Editors
• Roles in the organisation:
• Report via social media
• Identify and track emerging and trending topics
• Source information from social media to enhance news coverage
• Encourage and train other staff to explore social media
• Manage (and moderate) audience engagement
• (increasingly also: track story performance on social media Week 7)
• But: ‘social media can’t belong to one person; it needs to be part of everyone’s job’
— Jennifer Preston qtd. in Tenore
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‘if you haven’t made it already as a journalist, you won’t become a journalist
unless you engage with social media’ — Silvia Costeloe qtd. in Stray
‘some journalists, mainly at legacy media organisations, feel they should
remain objective and detached on social media and thus not personally
engage with readers and sources. Others, especially at “born digital” news
outlets, feel they have to develop personal bonds on Twitter to engage readers
in news production, but also to become a “hub” in the network and thus attract
news consumers to their work and platforms’ — Broersma and Graham
22. https://web.archive.org/web/20131118230952/https://dev.twitter.com/media/newsrooms
We know you come from different generations. Some are native to the pilcrow, others
to the hashtag. You began your careers in different media: radio, print, broadcast,
online and mobile. But you share a common bond: the desire to make a difference in
the world, bringing reliable information to the communities you serve.
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What Journalists Do on Social Media
• Key practices:
• Promoting stories
• Curating content
• Personal branding
• Connecting with sources
• Monitoring developments
• Engaging with audiences
• (an example: @maggieNYT)
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Potential Problems
• Consequences:
• The rich get richer: more attention only for leading outlets and journalists
• The loudest voices: journalists pay attention to the Twitterati, however unrepresentative
• Demographic imbalance: focus on Twitter ignores people on other platforms
• Discrimination: women and minority journalists subjected to attacks from the crowd
• Spiral of silence: journalists worried about missteps and voicing unpopular opinions
• Code of conduct: what level of personal opinion are news outlets comfortable with?
• Pressure: to have strong social media metrics while avoiding the pitfalls
‘does journalism now include not only the content but also the journalist herself?’ — Hedman
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Disclosure Transparency
• Journalism amongst the people:
• Making the ‘backstage’ visible
• Exposing journalistic groupthink
• Journalistic processes more exposed to open scrutiny, …
• … and therefore also more open to commentary and
criticism that demands a response
• Potential threat to journalistic authority and objectivity
• Enabling political actors to bypass journalistic scrutiny
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Readings
6. 28.10.: Meet the Audience: How Journalists Adapt to Social Media
Bruns, A. (2018). Meet the Audience: How Journalists Adapt to Social Media. Gatewatching and
News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 5. Peter Lang.
7. 4.11.: Management and Metrics: The News Industry and Social Media
Bruns, A. (2018). Management and Metrics: The News Industry and Social Media. Gatewatching
and News Curation: Journalism, Social Media, and the Public Sphere. Ch. 6. Peter Lang.
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Lecture
• NOTE:
• Week 7 lecture will be pre-recorded and made available through the OLAT site.
• (And that’s the last of the online lectures, I promise…)