The document discusses gastrointestinal problems including the acute abdomen, bowel obstruction, and bowel cancer. It provides details on causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment for each condition. The acute abdomen can result from many causes including trauma, infection, and inflammation. Bowel obstruction occurs when contents cannot pass through the GI tract and may be mechanical or non-mechanical. Bowel cancer is common and symptoms vary depending on location but can include bleeding, fatigue, and weight loss. Treatment involves surgery and screening is important for early detection.
Image result for gastritis
Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in common: inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers.
What is a Crohns disease?
A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcer and fistulae.
It is important to note that not only does Crohn’s disease affect the small intestine and large intestine, it can also affect the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and the anus.
It is observed that there is a role of mycobacteria in the onset of Crohn’s disease and more recently it was suggested that a particular subtype of Escherichia coli could play a pathogenic role in Crohn’s disease
To know basic etiology of this disease and difference between duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer as well as how we can approach if children having peptic ulcer disease. By conservative and surgical means
Image result for gastritis
Gastritis is a general term for a group of conditions with one thing in common: inflammation of the lining of the stomach. The inflammation of gastritis is most often the result of infection with the same bacterium that causes most stomach ulcers.
What is a Crohns disease?
A chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcer and fistulae.
It is important to note that not only does Crohn’s disease affect the small intestine and large intestine, it can also affect the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and the anus.
It is observed that there is a role of mycobacteria in the onset of Crohn’s disease and more recently it was suggested that a particular subtype of Escherichia coli could play a pathogenic role in Crohn’s disease
To know basic etiology of this disease and difference between duodenal ulcer and peptic ulcer as well as how we can approach if children having peptic ulcer disease. By conservative and surgical means
INTRODUCTION
Dislocation of the hip is a common injury to the hip joint. Dislocation occurs when the ball–shaped head of the femur comes out of the cup–shaped acetabulum set in the pelvis. This may happen to a varying degree. A dislocated hip, much more common in females than in males, is a condition that can either be congenital or acquired
Definition
• A dislocation is an injury in which a bone is displaced from its proper position
CLASSIFICATION
The relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum is used to classify the dislocation. The three main patterns are posterior, anterior, and central.
POSTERIOR HIP DISLOCATION
Posterior dislocations account of more than 90% of dislocations and occur when the knee and hip are flexed and a posterior force is applied at the knee.
Posterior hip dislocations occur typically during MVAs, especially head-on collisions, when the knees of the front-seat occupant strike the dashboard. Energy is transmitted along the femoral shaft to the hip joint. If the leg is struck while in an adducted position, a posterior dislocation may result. If the leg is in neutral or an abducted position when struck, an anterior dislocation or fracture/dislocation may occur. In the latter case, the posterior wall of the acetabulum is fractured, making subsequent reduction less stable.
Several classification systems are used to describe posterior hip dislocations.
• The Thompson-Epstein classification is based on radiographic findings.
o Type 1 – With or without minor fracture
o Type 2 – With large, single fracture of posterior acetabular rim
o Type 3 – With comminution of rim of acetabulum, with or without major fragments
o Type 4 – With fracture of the acetabular floor
o Type 5 – With fracture of the femoral head
• The Steward and Milford classification is based on functional hip stability.
o Type 1 – No fracture or insignificant fracture
o Type 2 – Associated with a single or comminuted posterior wall fragment, but the hip remains stable through a functional range of motion
o Type 3 – Associated with gross instability of the hip joint secondary to loss of structural support
o Type 4 – Associated with femoral head fracture
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool.
GERD is a day to day common problem, which is on the increase due to so many obvious reasons. It needs to be addressed to the public and the medical fraternity for proper management and treatment.
This presentation is to help readers to be equipped with knowledge on predisposing factor to peptic ulcer disease and how it can be managed in the clinical/hospital setup.
INTRODUCTION
Dislocation of the hip is a common injury to the hip joint. Dislocation occurs when the ball–shaped head of the femur comes out of the cup–shaped acetabulum set in the pelvis. This may happen to a varying degree. A dislocated hip, much more common in females than in males, is a condition that can either be congenital or acquired
Definition
• A dislocation is an injury in which a bone is displaced from its proper position
CLASSIFICATION
The relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum is used to classify the dislocation. The three main patterns are posterior, anterior, and central.
POSTERIOR HIP DISLOCATION
Posterior dislocations account of more than 90% of dislocations and occur when the knee and hip are flexed and a posterior force is applied at the knee.
Posterior hip dislocations occur typically during MVAs, especially head-on collisions, when the knees of the front-seat occupant strike the dashboard. Energy is transmitted along the femoral shaft to the hip joint. If the leg is struck while in an adducted position, a posterior dislocation may result. If the leg is in neutral or an abducted position when struck, an anterior dislocation or fracture/dislocation may occur. In the latter case, the posterior wall of the acetabulum is fractured, making subsequent reduction less stable.
Several classification systems are used to describe posterior hip dislocations.
• The Thompson-Epstein classification is based on radiographic findings.
o Type 1 – With or without minor fracture
o Type 2 – With large, single fracture of posterior acetabular rim
o Type 3 – With comminution of rim of acetabulum, with or without major fragments
o Type 4 – With fracture of the acetabular floor
o Type 5 – With fracture of the femoral head
• The Steward and Milford classification is based on functional hip stability.
o Type 1 – No fracture or insignificant fracture
o Type 2 – Associated with a single or comminuted posterior wall fragment, but the hip remains stable through a functional range of motion
o Type 3 – Associated with gross instability of the hip joint secondary to loss of structural support
o Type 4 – Associated with femoral head fracture
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool.
GERD is a day to day common problem, which is on the increase due to so many obvious reasons. It needs to be addressed to the public and the medical fraternity for proper management and treatment.
This presentation is to help readers to be equipped with knowledge on predisposing factor to peptic ulcer disease and how it can be managed in the clinical/hospital setup.
![The Acute Abdomen ,[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)