Diverticulitis
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Diverticulitis is an inflammation and infection of the bowel caused by bacteria or fecal matter trapped in pouches in the intestine called diverticula. It is more common in older adults, males, and those with low-fiber diets and constipation. Symptoms include abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant radiating to the back along with nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool samples, imaging like CT scans, and colonoscopy. Treatment ranges from antibiotics and diet changes for uncomplicated cases to IV antibiotics, fluids, and possibly surgery for perforated or abscessed areas. Complications can include bowel perforation, bleeding, infection, and obstruction if not properly treated
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Small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction can occur due to various intraluminal, extramural, or intramural causes that obstruct the lumen. The clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, abdominal x-rays showing dilated small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. Management depends on the severity and includes supportive care, surgery for complete or strangulated obstructions, or potentially conservative management for some inflammatory causes.
Appendicitis
This document discusses appendicitis, a condition where the appendix becomes inflamed or infected. The appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. While its function is unknown, appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked and bacteria grow, causing swelling. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. Untreated appendicitis can lead to the appendix rupturing, resulting in a serious infection of the abdominal cavity. Standard treatment is surgical removal of the appendix to prevent rupture and further complications.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that prevents contents from passing through. It most commonly occurs in children ages 1-5 years old infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Common causes include abdominal or pelvic surgery which can lead to adhesions, Crohn's disease thickening the intestine walls, and abdominal cancer. Symptoms include abdominal swelling, fever, bloody stools, vomiting, inability to pass gas or stool. Treatment depends on the severity but may include surgery to remove the obstructed part of the intestine or create an anastomosis.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is an inflammation and infection of small pouches called diverticula that form in the lining of the intestines, usually in the colon. It is commonly caused by trapped fecal material and bacteria. Symptoms include crampy lower abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment involves rest, clear liquids, antibiotics, and analgesics. A high fiber diet and fluid intake are recommended for prevention and management of diverticulitis. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, managing pain and nutrition, and health education.
Achalasia
Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus that results from damaged nerves that control food movement. It causes difficulty swallowing and food getting stuck. The document discusses the causes, symptoms, tests used to diagnose (endoscopy, manometry), and treatments of achalasia. Treatments include medications to relax muscles, botox injections, balloon dilation procedures, and surgeries like Heller myotomy to cut the lower esophageal sphincter muscle.
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Peritonitis
this presentation includes anatomy physiology function of peritoneum ,also includes cause of peritonitis its severity ,various scoring system investigation and treatment.It includes the recent advancement and latest articles from latest books of surgery.
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia is a condition where the stomach and other intra-abdominal contents protrude through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Risk factors include obesity, increased abdominal pressure, and previous hiatal hernia surgery. Symptoms may include heartburn, dysphagia, chest pain, or respiratory issues. Diagnosis is typically made through upper gastrointestinal imaging. Treatment depends on symptoms and hernia type but may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery to repair the diaphragmatic defect and prevent acid reflux. Complications can include obstruction, bleeding, stomach twisting, and Barrett's esophagus.
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Small bowel obstruction
Small bowel obstruction can occur due to various intraluminal, extramural, or intramural causes that obstruct the lumen. The clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, abdominal x-rays showing dilated small bowel loops and air-fluid levels. Management depends on the severity and includes supportive care, surgery for complete or strangulated obstructions, or potentially conservative management for some inflammatory causes.
Appendicitis
This document discusses appendicitis, a condition where the appendix becomes inflamed or infected. The appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the large intestine. While its function is unknown, appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked and bacteria grow, causing swelling. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. Untreated appendicitis can lead to the appendix rupturing, resulting in a serious infection of the abdominal cavity. Standard treatment is surgical removal of the appendix to prevent rupture and further complications.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that prevents contents from passing through. It most commonly occurs in children ages 1-5 years old infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. Common causes include abdominal or pelvic surgery which can lead to adhesions, Crohn's disease thickening the intestine walls, and abdominal cancer. Symptoms include abdominal swelling, fever, bloody stools, vomiting, inability to pass gas or stool. Treatment depends on the severity but may include surgery to remove the obstructed part of the intestine or create an anastomosis.
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is an inflammation and infection of small pouches called diverticula that form in the lining of the intestines, usually in the colon. It is commonly caused by trapped fecal material and bacteria. Symptoms include crampy lower abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. Treatment involves rest, clear liquids, antibiotics, and analgesics. A high fiber diet and fluid intake are recommended for prevention and management of diverticulitis. Nursing care focuses on monitoring for complications, managing pain and nutrition, and health education.
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Liver Cyst.pptx
Liver cysts are sac-like structures found in the liver that can vary in size from 2mm to 20cm. Most liver cysts are asymptomatic but some people may experience abdominal pain, swelling, or discomfort if the cyst is larger than 7cm. Liver cysts are usually detected incidentally during tests done for other health issues and are often confirmed by imaging tests like CT scans or ultrasounds. While small, asymptomatic cysts may not require treatment, antibiotics may be used if a cyst becomes infected or surgical removal may be needed for large cysts causing symptoms or complications.
Peritonitis
this presentation includes anatomy physiology function of peritoneum ,also includes cause of peritonitis its severity ,various scoring system investigation and treatment.It includes the recent advancement and latest articles from latest books of surgery.
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia is a condition where the stomach and other intra-abdominal contents protrude through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Risk factors include obesity, increased abdominal pressure, and previous hiatal hernia surgery. Symptoms may include heartburn, dysphagia, chest pain, or respiratory issues. Diagnosis is typically made through upper gastrointestinal imaging. Treatment depends on symptoms and hernia type but may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery to repair the diaphragmatic defect and prevent acid reflux. Complications can include obstruction, bleeding, stomach twisting, and Barrett's esophagus.
Diverticulitis
Diverticular disease is a common condition where pouches called diverticula bulge out from the colon wall, usually where blood vessels penetrate the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected, usually due to hard stool getting stuck in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis ranges from uncomplicated cases treated with antibiotics to complicated cases involving abscesses, fistulas, or perforation requiring surgery. Risk factors include low-fiber diet, aging, and high blood pressure.
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This document provides an overview of cholecystitis, including:
1. It defines cholecystitis as the inflammatory condition of the gallbladder and describes the types of acute cholecystitis.
2. It outlines the clinical features of acute cholecystitis including symptoms like colicky pain and signs like Murphy's sign.
3. It discusses the treatment options for acute cholecystitis which include conservative treatment, early cholecystectomy, or emergency cholecystostomy depending on the severity of the case.
Hiatal hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. There are two main types - a sliding hernia, where the stomach slides up during increased abdominal pressure and back down when pressure is relieved, and a paraesophageal hernia where part of the stomach remains stuck in the chest. Tests like chest x-rays, barium swallows, and endoscopy can diagnose hiatal hernias. Treatment may involve antacids, proton pump inhibitors, or surgery to repair the diaphragm if symptoms are severe.
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Intestinal obstruction, BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked, preventing normal movement of its contents. It can be caused by mechanical blockages such as tumors or hernias, or functional issues like neuromuscular problems. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension and constipation. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, pain management, and sometimes surgery to remove the obstruction. Proper diagnosis and timely treatment are important to prevent complications like perforation and sepsis.
Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis
Cholecystitis refers to inflammation of the gallbladder. It is most commonly caused by gallstones which can block the cystic duct and cause bile to build up. There are two main types - acute cholecystitis which occurs suddenly and causes severe pain, and chronic cholecystitis which is a long-term lower intensity inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment options include pain medication, antibiotics if infected, and surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) for severe or long-term cases.
intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
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This document discusses cholelithiasis, or gallstones. It defines cholelithiasis as the presence of stones in the gallbladder. There are three main types of gallstones: cholesterol stones, pigment stones, and mixed stones. Cholelithiasis is mainly caused by obesity, pregnancy, gallbladder stasis, drugs, and heredity. Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen, abdominal bloating, and intolerance to fatty foods. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray. Treatments include surgical removal of the gallbladder via open surgery or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nursing interventions focus on pain management, monitoring for infection or
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Diverticular disease refers to the bulging pouches that can develop in the gastrointestinal wall when the lining pushes through weak spots in the surrounding muscle. The most common site is the sigmoid colon, but diverticula can develop anywhere along the GI tract. There are two forms: diverticulosis, which are non-inflamed pouches, and diverticulitis, which is inflammation of the pouches. Diverticula are caused by increased pressure within the colon lumen from constipation or low-fiber diets, which can weaken the colon walls. While diverticulosis is often asymptomatic, it may cause left lower abdominal pain relieved by bowel movements or gas, alternating constipation and diarrhea, and difficult def
Peritonitis
Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity that can be caused by bacterial infection, chemicals, or trauma. The peritoneum has a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer surrounding organs. Peritonitis can be primary (from spontaneous bacterial infection), secondary (from a perforated organ), or tertiary (persistent infection after treatment). Common causes are perforated ulcers or appendicitis. Patients experience abdominal pain and tenderness along with fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging scans. Treatment requires antibiotics, source control through surgery if needed, and organ support. Complications can include sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, and death if not properly managed.
Cholecystitis
definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifeatations, diagnosis and management of cholecystitis
Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Disorders of gall bladder
The document discusses various disorders of the gallbladder and bile ducts. It describes that over 95% of biliary tract diseases are due to cholelithiasis (gallstones), which can be either cholesterol stones or pigment stones. Cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder, can be acute or chronic and is usually caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. Other complications of gallbladder disorders include cholangitis, an inflammation of the bile ducts, and secondary biliary cirrhosis from long-term bile duct obstruction.
Gastro intestinal perforation
Gastrointestinal perforation can be caused by a variety of illnesses and medical conditions that damage the intestinal wall such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, ulcers, gallstones, inflammatory bowel diseases, abdominal trauma, surgery, and foreign object ingestion. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and rectal bleeding. Diagnosis involves x-rays, CT scans, and lab tests. Treatment is usually surgery to repair the perforation and address underlying causes, though sometimes antibiotics alone may be used if the perforation has closed. Complications can include bleeding, infection, abscesses, and permanent colostomies. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment as well as individual risk factors
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This document discusses oesophageal varices, which are dilated and tortuous veins in the oesophageal wall caused by increased venous pressure. Varices are prone to rupture and bleeding. The document defines portal hypertension and discusses the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, medical and surgical management, nursing care, and conclusions regarding oesophageal varices. It also summarizes two research articles on using capsule endoscopy to diagnose varices and using blood ammonia levels to predict variceal presence and bleeding risk.
Intestinal obstruction lecture
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It defines intestinal obstruction as a restriction in the normal passage of intestinal contents. Obstructions can be classified as dynamic/mechanical or adynamic/paralytic, acute or chronic, and by the level and nature. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Symptoms include pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and imaging tests. Management depends on the underlying cause but generally involves resuscitation with IV fluids, antibiotics, and surgery to remove or bypass the obstruction.
Diverticulitis 2015
La diverticulitis afecta principalmente al colon sigmoideo y descendente. Suele ser más común en adultos mayores de 50 años y está asociada con dietas bajas en fibra. Los síntomas incluyen dolor abdominal, constipación y fiebre. El tratamiento depende de la gravedad y puede incluir antibióticos por vía oral o intravenosa, drenaje percutáneo de abscesos o cirugía de emergencia en casos graves como peritonitis. La laparoscopia puede reducir las complicaciones posteriores a la cirugía.
Diverticulitis slideshare
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Diverticulitis
Diverticular disease is a common condition where pouches called diverticula bulge out from the colon wall, usually where blood vessels penetrate the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected, usually due to hard stool getting stuck in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis ranges from uncomplicated cases treated with antibiotics to complicated cases involving abscesses, fistulas, or perforation requiring surgery. Risk factors include low-fiber diet, aging, and high blood pressure.
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This document provides an overview of cholecystitis, including:
1. It defines cholecystitis as the inflammatory condition of the gallbladder and describes the types of acute cholecystitis.
2. It outlines the clinical features of acute cholecystitis including symptoms like colicky pain and signs like Murphy's sign.
3. It discusses the treatment options for acute cholecystitis which include conservative treatment, early cholecystectomy, or emergency cholecystostomy depending on the severity of the case.
Hiatal hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. There are two main types - a sliding hernia, where the stomach slides up during increased abdominal pressure and back down when pressure is relieved, and a paraesophageal hernia where part of the stomach remains stuck in the chest. Tests like chest x-rays, barium swallows, and endoscopy can diagnose hiatal hernias. Treatment may involve antacids, proton pump inhibitors, or surgery to repair the diaphragm if symptoms are severe.
Biliary Disease
This document defines various components of the biliary system including bile, bile salts, and bile acids. It describes bile acid metabolism and the enterohepatic circulation. It discusses cholestasis, approaches to diagnosing a patient with cholestasis, and various causes of cholestasis including gallstones. It describes the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of gallstone disease. It also discusses other biliary diseases and conditions such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary strictures, and biliary dyskinesia.
Intestinal obstruction, BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked, preventing normal movement of its contents. It can be caused by mechanical blockages such as tumors or hernias, or functional issues like neuromuscular problems. Symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension and constipation. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, pain management, and sometimes surgery to remove the obstruction. Proper diagnosis and timely treatment are important to prevent complications like perforation and sepsis.
Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis
Cholecystitis refers to inflammation of the gallbladder. It is most commonly caused by gallstones which can block the cystic duct and cause bile to build up. There are two main types - acute cholecystitis which occurs suddenly and causes severe pain, and chronic cholecystitis which is a long-term lower intensity inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like ultrasound or CT scans. Treatment options include pain medication, antibiotics if infected, and surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) for severe or long-term cases.
intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
Cholelithiasis disease of GIT
This document discusses cholelithiasis, or gallstones. It defines cholelithiasis as the presence of stones in the gallbladder. There are three main types of gallstones: cholesterol stones, pigment stones, and mixed stones. Cholelithiasis is mainly caused by obesity, pregnancy, gallbladder stasis, drugs, and heredity. Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen, abdominal bloating, and intolerance to fatty foods. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray. Treatments include surgical removal of the gallbladder via open surgery or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nursing interventions focus on pain management, monitoring for infection or
Diverticular Disease
Diverticular disease refers to the bulging pouches that can develop in the gastrointestinal wall when the lining pushes through weak spots in the surrounding muscle. The most common site is the sigmoid colon, but diverticula can develop anywhere along the GI tract. There are two forms: diverticulosis, which are non-inflamed pouches, and diverticulitis, which is inflammation of the pouches. Diverticula are caused by increased pressure within the colon lumen from constipation or low-fiber diets, which can weaken the colon walls. While diverticulosis is often asymptomatic, it may cause left lower abdominal pain relieved by bowel movements or gas, alternating constipation and diarrhea, and difficult def
Peritonitis
Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity that can be caused by bacterial infection, chemicals, or trauma. The peritoneum has a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer surrounding organs. Peritonitis can be primary (from spontaneous bacterial infection), secondary (from a perforated organ), or tertiary (persistent infection after treatment). Common causes are perforated ulcers or appendicitis. Patients experience abdominal pain and tenderness along with fever. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging scans. Treatment requires antibiotics, source control through surgery if needed, and organ support. Complications can include sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, and death if not properly managed.
Cholecystitis
definition, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifeatations, diagnosis and management of cholecystitis
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This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Disorders of gall bladder
The document discusses various disorders of the gallbladder and bile ducts. It describes that over 95% of biliary tract diseases are due to cholelithiasis (gallstones), which can be either cholesterol stones or pigment stones. Cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder, can be acute or chronic and is usually caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. Other complications of gallbladder disorders include cholangitis, an inflammation of the bile ducts, and secondary biliary cirrhosis from long-term bile duct obstruction.
Gastro intestinal perforation
Gastrointestinal perforation can be caused by a variety of illnesses and medical conditions that damage the intestinal wall such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, ulcers, gallstones, inflammatory bowel diseases, abdominal trauma, surgery, and foreign object ingestion. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and rectal bleeding. Diagnosis involves x-rays, CT scans, and lab tests. Treatment is usually surgery to repair the perforation and address underlying causes, though sometimes antibiotics alone may be used if the perforation has closed. Complications can include bleeding, infection, abscesses, and permanent colostomies. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment as well as individual risk factors
Hernia
Search Results
Featured snippet from the web
A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. Hernias come in a number of types. Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin. Groin hernias are most commonly of the inguinal type but may also be femoral
Gallstones and it's Complications
Gallstones:
Most common biliary pathology
Asymptomatic in majority of cases (>80%)
Approx. 1–2% of asymptomatic patients develop symptoms requiring cholecystectomy per year.
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your abdomen.
Gastro intestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding can occur in the upper or lower GI tract. The most common causes of upper GI bleeding are peptic ulcer disease and esophageal/gastric varices, while hemorrhoids and diverticulosis are leading causes of lower GI bleeding. Colonoscopy is both diagnostic and therapeutic for GI bleeding and more accurate than other tests. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, stopping ulcer-causing agents, acid suppression with PPIs, and antibiotics if H. pylori is detected to prevent ulcer recurrence.
Esophageal varices
This document discusses oesophageal varices, which are dilated and tortuous veins in the oesophageal wall caused by increased venous pressure. Varices are prone to rupture and bleeding. The document defines portal hypertension and discusses the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, medical and surgical management, nursing care, and conclusions regarding oesophageal varices. It also summarizes two research articles on using capsule endoscopy to diagnose varices and using blood ammonia levels to predict variceal presence and bleeding risk.
Intestinal obstruction lecture
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including its classification, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It defines intestinal obstruction as a restriction in the normal passage of intestinal contents. Obstructions can be classified as dynamic/mechanical or adynamic/paralytic, acute or chronic, and by the level and nature. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Symptoms include pain, distention, vomiting, and constipation. Diagnosis involves history, examination, and imaging tests. Management depends on the underlying cause but generally involves resuscitation with IV fluids, antibiotics, and surgery to remove or bypass the obstruction.
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La diverticulitis afecta principalmente al colon sigmoideo y descendente. Suele ser más común en adultos mayores de 50 años y está asociada con dietas bajas en fibra. Los síntomas incluyen dolor abdominal, constipación y fiebre. El tratamiento depende de la gravedad y puede incluir antibióticos por vía oral o intravenosa, drenaje percutáneo de abscesos o cirugía de emergencia en casos graves como peritonitis. La laparoscopia puede reducir las complicaciones posteriores a la cirugía.
Diverticulitis slideshare
Actualización de las lineas terapeuticas de la diverticulitis , diverticulosis y otros aspectos de la enfermedad diverticular.Mas información en http://www.dr-francisco-alba-mesa.es/
Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis is an inflammation of pouches that form in the colon. It is most common in older adults over age 60. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and bloody stool. Tests like colonoscopy are used to diagnose diverticulitis. Treatment involves antibiotics and sometimes surgery to remove the infected part of the colon. Research is ongoing to find new drug treatments.
DIVERTICULITIS SIGMOIDEA: CLASIFICACION E INDICACIONES QUIRURGICAS
Este documento presenta información sobre la diverticulitis, incluyendo su clasificación, epidemiología e indicaciones quirúrgicas. Revisa la fisiopatología, factores de riesgo y clasificaciones como Hinchey y Ambrosetti. Discute el manejo de abcesos peridiverticulares dependiendo de su tamaño y localización.
Diverticular disease of colon
Diverticular disease is common in Western nations and involves the formation of pouches or diverticula in the colon wall. Diverticulosis refers to the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when the diverticula become inflamed. Uncomplicated diverticulitis is typically treated with bowel rest, antibiotics, and lifestyle modifications to promote healing. Complicated diverticulitis involving perforation or abscess requires surgical evaluation. Diverticulitis is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical exam, and imaging studies. Treatment aims to resolve the inflammation and prevent recurrence through diet and follow up screening.
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This document provides an overview of Crohn's disease, including its definition, incidence, onset, etiology, clinical findings, nursing focus, and patient teaching points. Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract and is characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fever. Nurses should monitor patients' intake and output, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, assess for skin breakdown, and provide skin care and nutrition support. Patients should be taught to minimize exacerbations by getting rest, reducing stress, maintaining nutrition, and understanding their medication regimen.
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Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease is distinguished from ulcerative colitis by its ability to involve any part of the GI tract and cause non-continuous lesions. The major symptoms of Crohn's disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Complications can include intestinal fistulas, abscesses, strictures, and perianal disease. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission as well as surgery for complications.
Crohn\'s disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by transmural inflammation and ulceration that can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and complications like strictures, fistulas, and abscesses. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics and environmental factors like smoking are believed to play a role. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery.
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Diverticulitis
- 1. Diverticulitis Inflammation and infection of the bowel mucosa caused by bacteria or fecal matter trapped in one or more diverticula (pouches in the intestine).
- 2. Risk Factors/ Causes Age (older adults) Sex (primarily male Low-Fiber diet Chronic constipation Culture (western)
- 3. Manifestations/Signs & Symptoms (Subjective) • Abdominal pain (LLQ radiating to back and tender on palpation) • Nausea/Vomiting (Objective) • Fever • Chills • tachycardia
- 4. Labs/Diagnostics • CBC • Hemoglobin& • Hematocrit • WBC • +stool occult blood • H&P • Abdominal assessment • Colonoscopy • Barium enema • Abdominal X-Ray • CT scan w/ contrast
- 5. Medications/Treatments Uncomplicated • Antibiotics • Stool softeners (bulk laxatives) • High fiber diet • Decrease intake of fat & red meats • Increase levels of physical activity • Colon rest (clear liquid diet) • Increase fluid intake Complicated • IV antibiotics • Opioids • Iv fluids • Surgery (perforation) • Colon resection (severe case)
- 6. Complications • Bowel perforation (rectal bleeding, firm abdomen, and tachycardia) • Bleeding (deterioration of bowel) • Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance • Peritonitis may occur if bowel is perforated • Abscess formation • Bowel obstruction
- 7. Interventions • Perform abdominal assessment (distention, rigidity, and increased episodes of nausea/vomiting= signs of obstruction) • Assess v/s (fever, increased RR/HR, chills, diaphoresis, and increased abdominal discomfort= perforation, abscess, or fistula) • Maintain NPO • Nasogastric salem-sump tube (decompression) • Administer iv fluids • Administer iv antibiotics • TPN • Assess pain (administer opioids) • Teach client the importance of proper diet (limit seeds or indigestible material) • Instruct client to avoid irritating the bowel (avoid alcohol) • Provide client with instructions to promote normal bowel function
- 8. Resources Group Corina martinez Kali Duke Stephanie Anderson Valerie Lopez Theresa Schneider Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, & Bucher. (2014). Medical Surgical Nursing (Ninth ed.). MI. Lenox, Renner, Tallmadge, & Lunen. (n.d.). RN Adult Medical Surgical Nursing (9th ed.) (Prater, Ed.).