Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by bacterial toxins or viral infections that results in vomiting and diarrhea. It is commonly known as a stomach bug. Vibrio cholerae is a common bacterial cause that is transmitted through contaminated food or water. Symptoms include low-grade fever, vomiting, and rice-water stools. Treatment focuses on rehydration while antibiotics are usually reserved for severe cases. Prevention involves hand washing and avoiding unsafe foods and water.

2. Gastroenteritis
by Vibrio cholerae
Rani Summeya Seme 33

3. Outline
• Definition
• History
• Society & Culture
• Symptoms
• Traveler’s Diarrhea
• Cause
• Transmission
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Home Remedies
• Prevention’
• Complications

4. Gastroenteritis
“Inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically resulting from
bacterial toxins or viral infection and causing vomiting and diarrhea”.
Other Name
• Stomach bug
• Stomach virus
• Stomach flu
• Gastric flu
• Food Poisoning

5. History
The first usage of "gastroenteritis" was in 1825. Before this time it was
commonly known as
• Typhoid fever
• Cholera morbus
• Griping of the gut
• Flux
• colic
• Bowel complaint

6. Society and culture
Gastroenteritis is associated with many colloquial names, including
• Montezuma’s Revenge
• Delhi belly
• La turista
• Back door sprint
Gastroenteritis is the main reason for
• 3.7 million visits to physicians a year in the US
• 3 million visits in France.

8. Traveler’s diarrhea
• Bacterial gastroenteritis is a common cause of traveler’s diarrhea
• Condition which frequently affects overseas travelers
• Particularly in developing countries
• It is often the result of inadequate food hygiene
• At local restaurants
• Food outlets.

9. Causes of Gastroenteritis
Numerous bacteria can cause gastroenteritis, including
• Yersinia, found in pork.
• Staphylococcus, found in dairy products, meat and eggs.
• Shigella, found in water (often in swimming pool).
• Salmonella, found in meat, dairy products and eggs
• Vibrio cholerae, found in contaminated food or water. by f

10. Vibrio cholerae
• Gram –ve
• curved bacterium with a single polar flagellum → produces cholera toxin
• Clinical features
• Low-grade fever, vomiting
• Profuse 'rice-water' stools
• Severe Dehydration
• Transmission
• Fecal-oral
• Undercooked seafood or contaminated water (e.g.,sewage systems)

11. Transmission
Bacterial gastroenteritis can be easily transmitted
• from person to person if someone carries the bacteria on their hands.
• Every time a person infected with this bacteria touches food, objects, or
other people, they risk spreading the infection to others.
• You can even cause the infection to get into your own body if you touch
your eyes, mouth, or other open parts of your body with infected hands.
• You’re especially at risk for these infections if you travel a lot or live in a
crowded area.

12. Diagnosis
Healthcare provider will
• do an exam
• ask about your health history
• likely ask for a stool sample
• To find the source of illness
• Bacterial
• Viral

13. Treatment
• Treatment is meant to keep you hydrated and avoid complications
• It’s important not to lose too much salt, such Na and K
• Your body needs these in certain amounts in order to function properly
• If you have a serious case of gastroenteritis
• you may be admitted to the hospital and given fluids and salts intravenously.
• Antibiotics are usually reserved for the most severe case

14. Home remedies for mild cases
If you have a milder case, you may be able to treat your illness at home. Try
the following:
• Drink fluids regularly throughout the day, especially after bouts of diarrhea.
• Eat little and often, and include some salty foods.
• Consume foods or drinks with potassium, such as fruit juice and bananas.
• Don’t take any medications without asking your doctor.
• Go to the hospital if you can’t keep any fluids down.

15. Continue
A few ingredients you may have at home can help keep your electrolytes
balanced and treat diarrhea.
• Ginger can help combat infection and make stomach or abdominal pain
less severe.
• Apple cider vinegar and basil can also
• Soothe
• Strengthen
• stomach against future infections.

16. Preventing Gastroenteritis
• If you already have gastroenteritis, take safety precautions to avoid spreading the
bacteria to others.
• Wash your hands after
• Using the toilet,
• Touching animals
• before Handling food or Eating
• Don’t prepare food for other people until your symptoms improve.
• Avoid close contact with others during illness.
• After symptoms stop, wait at least 48H before returning to work.

17. Continue
You can also help prevent gastroenteritis infections by
• Avoiding
• Unpasteurized milk
• Raw meat
• Raw shellfish.
• Use separate cutting boards and utensils for
• raw and cooked meats when preparing meals.
• Wash salads and vegetables thoroughly.
• Make sure to store food at either very hot or very cold temperatures
• if you’re storing them for more than a couple of hours.

19. Complications
Gastroenteritis infections rarely cause complications in healthy adults and usually last less than a week.
Older adults or very young children are more vulnerable to symptoms of & are at higher risk for complications.
These individuals should be closely monitored, as they may need medical care.
• Complications include
• High fevers
• Muscle pain
• Inability to control bowel movements.
• Kidneys failure
• Bleeding in your intestinal tract
• Anemia
• Brain damage and death.
• Quickly seeking treatment for gastroenteritis lessens your risk of having these complications.