Poster prepared by Michael W. Graham, Lutz Merbold, Nathan D. Jensen and Philemon Chelanga for the GASL Africa 1 Regional online Meeting, 2-3 September 2020
Economic assessment of Soil erosion in MalawiExternalEvents
Mr. Giacomo Pallante, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy. Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (GSER19), 15 - 17 May 2019 at FAO HQ.
Climate change and food systems: Global modeling to inform decision makingCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Economic assessment of Soil erosion in MalawiExternalEvents
Mr. Giacomo Pallante, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Italy. Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (GSER19), 15 - 17 May 2019 at FAO HQ.
Climate change and food systems: Global modeling to inform decision makingCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Keith Wiebe, Senior Research Fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens, Principal Researcher and Head of IWMI Southern Africa office, at the GWP-ILC-IWMI workshop: Responding to the Global Food Security Challenge through Coordinated Land and Water Governance held in Pretoria, South Africa, June 15, 2015.
Presentation by Lini Wollenberg on behalf of Meryl Richards, both from CCAFS and the University of Vermont Gund Institute for Environment
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
2.3 Agriculture and Climate Change: Effectiveness of Mitigation Policies in t...OECD Environment
2.3 Agriculture and Climate Change: Effectiveness of Mitigation Policies in the Netherlands - Elmar Thune & Jasper Dalhuisen. Biodiversity workshop 25 October 2017
Presentation by Margarita Astralaga from IFAD at the closing session of the Agriculture Advantage event series on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
Assessing the environmental impact of livestock industry development pathwaysILRI
Poster prepared by Fraval S, Lannerstad M, Herrero M, Notenbaert A, Ran Y, Paul B, Mugatha S, Barron J and Morris J for the ILRI@40 Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
Pressure on environmental resources must be considered in ambitions to meet nutritional and livelihood needs into the future. Human population is forecast to increase from 7.7 billion today to approximately 9.48 billion in 2050, with an increase of over one billion in Africa alone. Consumption of animal source foods in Sub-Saharan Africa is forecast to increase by 25% in 2050. Meeting increased demand for livestock products will depend on a strong environmental resource base and functioning eco-system services. Decision makers and industry advocates, therefore, will need to consider alternative development pathways and the related environmental impacts. How can such complex environmental assessments be incorporated into investment and policy decisions?
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:CGIAR Research Program new initiatives D...ICRISAT
Innovation in Agri-food Systems as a driver of Employment, Nutrition and Resilience in Fragile Drylands (Dry Arc). The ‘DryArc’ Initiative (ICARDA, ICRISAT, IFPRI, IWMI) aims to strengthen the resilience of rural communities and agri-food systems across the drylands of MENA, Central and West Asia, sub Saharan Africa.
Presentation- Fourth meeting of the Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation -...OECD Environment
Presentation- Fourth meeting of the Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation - Future programme of work on climate change adaptation, Catherine Gamper OECD
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is organizing a hybrid launch event for its 2023 Global Food Policy Report in Nairobi, Kenya, in collaboration with University of Nairobi and as part of the CGIAR Initiative on National Policies and Strategies (NPS) seminar series on May 19, 2023, at 2.00pm.
The 2023 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI’s flagship report, provides a broad set of evidence-based recommendations for better predicting and preparing for crises, addressing crises when they occur and building equity and resilience of food systems.
The recent overlapping, complex shocks to food systems, including the COVID-19 pandemic, higher food prices, conflicts, and natural disasters have increased the risk of food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition, thus disrupting livelihoods, increasing poverty, and further diminishing prospects for the world’s most vulnerable people. As crises become more frequent, complex, and prolonged, the report calls for reconsideration of food crisis responses, and building more long-term response solutions guided by solid evidence on the impacts of policies, programming, tools, and governance approaches. There is an urgent need for renewed and broader efforts to prevent, mitigate, and recover from crises in ways that build food system resilience, protect the livelihoods of women and marginal groups, ensure their inclusion in crisis response, and address the impacts of conflict and migration.
The Kenya discussion of IFPRI’s 2023 GFPR will present key findings and recommendations of the report at global and regional levels. A distinguished set of discussants will then present their reflections on the report and provide insights on crisis response and resilience building in Kenya.
Livestock & greenhouse gas emission [autosaved]Sathya Sujani
Livestock's contribution for global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions especially on methane and nitrous oxide emissions. This presentation is a basic approach for a discussion about livestock related greenhouse gas emissions. Hope you would be able to get a brief but precise idea.
Presented by IWMI's Chris Dickens, Principal Researcher and Head of IWMI Southern Africa office, at the GWP-ILC-IWMI workshop: Responding to the Global Food Security Challenge through Coordinated Land and Water Governance held in Pretoria, South Africa, June 15, 2015.
Presentation by Lini Wollenberg on behalf of Meryl Richards, both from CCAFS and the University of Vermont Gund Institute for Environment
International conference on agricultural emissions and food security: Connecting research to policy and practice
10-13 September 2018
Berlin, Germany
2.3 Agriculture and Climate Change: Effectiveness of Mitigation Policies in t...OECD Environment
2.3 Agriculture and Climate Change: Effectiveness of Mitigation Policies in the Netherlands - Elmar Thune & Jasper Dalhuisen. Biodiversity workshop 25 October 2017
Presentation by Margarita Astralaga from IFAD at the closing session of the Agriculture Advantage event series on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
Assessing the environmental impact of livestock industry development pathwaysILRI
Poster prepared by Fraval S, Lannerstad M, Herrero M, Notenbaert A, Ran Y, Paul B, Mugatha S, Barron J and Morris J for the ILRI@40 Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
Pressure on environmental resources must be considered in ambitions to meet nutritional and livelihood needs into the future. Human population is forecast to increase from 7.7 billion today to approximately 9.48 billion in 2050, with an increase of over one billion in Africa alone. Consumption of animal source foods in Sub-Saharan Africa is forecast to increase by 25% in 2050. Meeting increased demand for livestock products will depend on a strong environmental resource base and functioning eco-system services. Decision makers and industry advocates, therefore, will need to consider alternative development pathways and the related environmental impacts. How can such complex environmental assessments be incorporated into investment and policy decisions?
ICRISAT Global Planning Meeting 2019:CGIAR Research Program new initiatives D...ICRISAT
Innovation in Agri-food Systems as a driver of Employment, Nutrition and Resilience in Fragile Drylands (Dry Arc). The ‘DryArc’ Initiative (ICARDA, ICRISAT, IFPRI, IWMI) aims to strengthen the resilience of rural communities and agri-food systems across the drylands of MENA, Central and West Asia, sub Saharan Africa.
Presentation- Fourth meeting of the Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation -...OECD Environment
Presentation- Fourth meeting of the Task Force on Climate Change Adaptation - Future programme of work on climate change adaptation, Catherine Gamper OECD
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is organizing a hybrid launch event for its 2023 Global Food Policy Report in Nairobi, Kenya, in collaboration with University of Nairobi and as part of the CGIAR Initiative on National Policies and Strategies (NPS) seminar series on May 19, 2023, at 2.00pm.
The 2023 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI’s flagship report, provides a broad set of evidence-based recommendations for better predicting and preparing for crises, addressing crises when they occur and building equity and resilience of food systems.
The recent overlapping, complex shocks to food systems, including the COVID-19 pandemic, higher food prices, conflicts, and natural disasters have increased the risk of food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition, thus disrupting livelihoods, increasing poverty, and further diminishing prospects for the world’s most vulnerable people. As crises become more frequent, complex, and prolonged, the report calls for reconsideration of food crisis responses, and building more long-term response solutions guided by solid evidence on the impacts of policies, programming, tools, and governance approaches. There is an urgent need for renewed and broader efforts to prevent, mitigate, and recover from crises in ways that build food system resilience, protect the livelihoods of women and marginal groups, ensure their inclusion in crisis response, and address the impacts of conflict and migration.
The Kenya discussion of IFPRI’s 2023 GFPR will present key findings and recommendations of the report at global and regional levels. A distinguished set of discussants will then present their reflections on the report and provide insights on crisis response and resilience building in Kenya.
Livestock & greenhouse gas emission [autosaved]Sathya Sujani
Livestock's contribution for global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions especially on methane and nitrous oxide emissions. This presentation is a basic approach for a discussion about livestock related greenhouse gas emissions. Hope you would be able to get a brief but precise idea.
Regional livestock modeling for climate change adaptation and mitigation in S...ILRI
Presentation by Dolapo Enahoro and Karl M. Rich at the Southern Africa Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED) Programme – A Scoping Workshop on Climate Change Pretoria, South Africa, 4 February 2019
Feeding Nigeria's current and future population is a critical challenge. This challenge necessitates the adoption and application of innovations to agriculture so as to make the sector more competitive and sustainable. Boosting economic growth in agriculture is a function of three factors: farmland expansion, yield growth and reduction in post-harvest losses.
Overview of CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Presentation to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
16 October 2018, Beijing, China
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CCAFS
Diet Change Not Climate Change: a political climate campaign - ProVeg at ECF ...more onion
(c) Nico Nettelmann, ProVeg, https://proveg.com/
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the livestock sector is one of the most effective ways we can achieve our climate targets and keep global warming below 2⁰C. Yet, thus far, such measures have barely been discussed by world leaders and policy makers. ProVeg works to put the climate impact of food choices related to animal agriculture and meat production onto the global climate agenda and national climate protection strategies. In this session we'll set out our approach and successes from COP23, how the discussion has changed over the last year and which strategies are working to push this issue forward, drawing out practical lessons for other campaigners.
Presented at ECF Europe 2018. Join the Campaigning Forum and find out more about its upcoming events here: http://fairsay.com/events
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research and Vanessa Meadu, Communications and Knowledge Manager, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Delivered to private sector representatives in London on 11 July 2013.
Contributions to Policy Research in Support of the Reform and Recovery Proces...ESSP1
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The CGIAR Initiative on National Policy and Strategies (NPS)
#2021ReSAKSS - Plenary Session I – presentation by Dr. Eliane Ubalijoro, Executive Director, Sustainability in The Digital Age, Global Hub Director, Canada, Future
Earth, and Co-editor of the 2021 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR)
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Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
A long, dry season of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa? The environmental impacts of the pandemic in the livestock sector in northern Kenya
1. This document is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International Licence. August 2020
Livestock are primary source of GHG emissions from
agriculture in Africa, but impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on
emissions have not been studied
We conduct a panel survey and use crowd-sourced data on
effects of COVID-19 on GHG emissions for pastoralist
systems in Northern Kenya
Three-part framework for assessing effects of COVID-19 on
livestock GHG emissions:
Changes in herd size
Changes in feed availability
Changes in animal movement
A long, dry season of COVID-19 in
sub-Saharan Africa? The environmental
impacts of the pandemic in the livestock
sector in Northern Kenya
Insert images or graphs in different locations in
the margins
Michael W. Graham (m.graham@cgiar.org)
Lutz Merbold (l.merbold@cgiar.org)
Nathan D. Jensen (n.jensen@cgiar.org)
Philemon Chelanga (p.chelanga@cgiar.org)
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Nairobi, Kenya
Locations for panel surveys of key stakeholders in Samburu County, Kenya
Context
• Government restrictions on human and animal
movement within Kenya and across international
borders, as well as associated socio-economic
impacts, may impact GHG emissions from livestock
• Pastoralist systems depend on movement for access
to resources across seasons
• COVID-19 may differ from other external shocks
(e.g., drought) because it primarily affects mobility
Our three-part framework
CLIMATE & NATURAL
RESOURCE USE
CH4 N2O
Smaller herd
Lower emissions
1. Herd size
Larger herd
Higher emissions
Methods and Objectives
• Use panel and crowd-sourced (KAZNET) data to
assess COVID-19 effects on livestock GHG
emissions from pastoralist systems in Samburu
County, Northern Kenya, following three-part
framework
• Develop guidelines for estimating changes in GHG
emissions due to future shocks (e.g., zoonotic
disease outbreaks, climatic events)
2. Feed availability
Less feed available
Lower emissions
More feed available
Higher emissions
3. Animal movement
Less movement
Lower emissions
More movement
Higher emissions
N2O
CH4
N2O
CH4
N2O
CH4
CH4 N2O N2O
CH4
N2O
CH4
CH4 N2O N2O
CH4
N2O
CH4