Incubating a promising financial solution for the drylands: Toward sustainabl...ILRI
Presented by Andrew Mude at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
Scaling What Works: Tools for Resilient DrylandsILRI
Presented by Michael R Carter at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
Communicating Ethiopia's NAP Process to International AudiencesNAP Global Network
Presentation by Christian Ledwell (International Institute for Sustainable Development) at a workshop on NAP process communications held August 31, 2017.
Incubating a promising financial solution for the drylands: Toward sustainabl...ILRI
Presented by Andrew Mude at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
Scaling What Works: Tools for Resilient DrylandsILRI
Presented by Michael R Carter at the Borlaug 2016 Dialogue side event on Climate Proofing One Third of the World: Tools for Resilient Drylands, Des Moines, 12 October 2016
Communicating Ethiopia's NAP Process to International AudiencesNAP Global Network
Presentation by Christian Ledwell (International Institute for Sustainable Development) at a workshop on NAP process communications held August 31, 2017.
Upscaling climate smart agriculture for poverty alleviation: ESPA-EBAFOSA wor...Marije Schaafsma
This presentation summarises the main findings of a synthesis of ESPA research on agriculture, relevant to the question: how can CSA be adapted and scaled up to include the most vulnerable people?
Presentation by Carlos Seré, Director General ILRI for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
Monitoring & Evaluation of National Adaptation: Key challenges and emerging s...NAP Global Network
Presented by Julie Dekens, IISD/NAP Global Network, in September 2020 at the Virtual Learning Event on Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) for National Adaptation in Pacific Small Island Developing States organized by organized by the NAP Global Network in collaboration with the Pacific Resilience Partnership (PRP)
A presentation included in the CCAFS webinar "Creating spaces for science-policy dialogue: Experiences from CCAFS" held on November 1, 2017. The aim of the webinar was to share lessons from CCAFS projects that have helped bridge the science-policy divide and better respond to the needs of policymakers with demand-led evidence creation.
Presented by: Marieke Veeger
eOrganic: the National Organic Agriculture Information, Training and Networki...nacaa
2009 NACAA Organic Agriculture Super Seminar
Presenters: Dr. Alexandra Stone, Vegetable
Specialist, Oregon State University and John
McQueen, eOrganic Coordinator
Presentation at the Low Emissions Livestock: Supporting Policy Making and Implementation through Science in East Africa regional awareness raising workshop held at the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between 2 and 4 July 2018.
Informing the policymaking landscape: From research to action in the fight ag...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Alex De Pinto, of the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Upscaling climate smart agriculture for poverty alleviation: ESPA-EBAFOSA wor...Marije Schaafsma
This presentation summarises the main findings of a synthesis of ESPA research on agriculture, relevant to the question: how can CSA be adapted and scaled up to include the most vulnerable people?
Presentation by Carlos Seré, Director General ILRI for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
Monitoring & Evaluation of National Adaptation: Key challenges and emerging s...NAP Global Network
Presented by Julie Dekens, IISD/NAP Global Network, in September 2020 at the Virtual Learning Event on Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) for National Adaptation in Pacific Small Island Developing States organized by organized by the NAP Global Network in collaboration with the Pacific Resilience Partnership (PRP)
A presentation included in the CCAFS webinar "Creating spaces for science-policy dialogue: Experiences from CCAFS" held on November 1, 2017. The aim of the webinar was to share lessons from CCAFS projects that have helped bridge the science-policy divide and better respond to the needs of policymakers with demand-led evidence creation.
Presented by: Marieke Veeger
eOrganic: the National Organic Agriculture Information, Training and Networki...nacaa
2009 NACAA Organic Agriculture Super Seminar
Presenters: Dr. Alexandra Stone, Vegetable
Specialist, Oregon State University and John
McQueen, eOrganic Coordinator
Presentation at the Low Emissions Livestock: Supporting Policy Making and Implementation through Science in East Africa regional awareness raising workshop held at the UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between 2 and 4 July 2018.
Informing the policymaking landscape: From research to action in the fight ag...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Alex De Pinto, of the Environment and Production Technology Division of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Authors:
Heather Jacobs, Francesco Tubiello, Rocío Cóndor
FAO -- Climate, Energy and Tenure Division
Asia Pacific Regional Workshop on NAMAs Vientiane, Laos
22-25 April, 2014
1. Agriculture is an important socio-economic sector
2. Agriculture is an important GHG emitter
3. Synergies between Mitigation, Adaptation and Food Security: An opportunity for agriculture NAMAs
Presentation at workshop: Reducing the costs of GHG estimates in agriculture to inform low emissions development
November 10-12, 2014
Sponsored by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Sustainable intensification and climate change: An EARS-CGIAR Mega-program in...ILRI
Presented by Barry Shapiro (ILRI) at a Consultative Meeting on Strengthening CGIAR - EARS partnerships for effective agricultural transformation in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 4–5 December 2014
Presentation by Dr Joyce Mitti from FAO Zimbabwe, at the Regional planning meeting on ‘Scaling-Up Climate-Smart Agricultural Solutions for Cereals and Livestock Farmers in Southern Africa – Building partnership for successful implementation’,13–15 September 2016, Johannesburg, South Africa
Presentation builds onto National Discussions on Priority Adaptation and Mitigation Actions for Agriculture in the National Climate Change Action Plan 2013-2017
More information: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/national-adaptation-planning-event-agriculture#.UhcfJD-LKdk
Overview of CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Presentation to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
16 October 2018, Beijing, China
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CCAFS
Presentation at:
Meeting global food needs with lower emissions:
IPCC report findings on climate change mitigation in agriculture
A dialog among scientists, practitioners and financiers
April 16, 2014
World Bank, Washington, DC
Following the April 13th release of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Mitigation, including Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU), this event will provided an opportunity to listen to IPCC authors summarize their findings and for all participants to join in a dialog with practitioners and financiers to discuss actionable steps for mitigation in the agricultural sector.
The event was a joint effort of the World Bank, the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases, and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions attributable to smallholder livestock sy...ILRI
Presented by P.W. Ndung’u, T. Takahashi, C.J.L. du Toit, M. Robertson-Dean, K. Butterbach-Bahl, G. McAuliffe, L. Merbold and J.P. Goopy at the Tropentag 2020: Food and Nutrition Security and its Resilience to Global Crises, Virtual Conference, 9–11 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
van Asten P. 2014. Implementing Climate-Smart Agriculture. Copenhagen, Denmark: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security.
Contents:
1. CCAFS – what we do
2. What is CSA in the African context
3. Best bet CSA technologies
4. CSA services and approaches
5. How can we identify the priorities?
6. Collaborative possibilities
Regional livestock modeling for climate change adaptation and mitigation in S...ILRI
Presentation by Dolapo Enahoro and Karl M. Rich at the Southern Africa Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED) Programme – A Scoping Workshop on Climate Change Pretoria, South Africa, 4 February 2019
Using agroecology to measure sustainability in agriculture TAPE – the Tool fo...Francois Stepman
Presentation by Anne Mottet - FAO Livestock Development Officer, Animal Production and Health Division - "Using agroecology to measure sustainability in agriculture TAPE – the Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation"
02/07 WEBINAR: The effects of agroecology. Why are metrics needed?
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Better data and capacity building to reach the INDCs
1. Better data and capacity building to reach the
INDCs
Lutz Merbold
ILRI
2nd Africa Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance Annual Forum, Nairobi, 11-13 October 2016
2. AFOLU and GHG emissions
Approx. 70% of
emissions related to
livestock production
Manure applied to soils
Enteric fermentation
Manure left on pasture
Manure management
Burning - savanna
Synthetic fertilizer
Rice cultivation
Crop residues
Cultivation org. soils
Burning – crop res.
GHG-emissions by source
FAO, Tubiello et al. 2014
3. Livestock GHG emissions, why do we even care?
• Agriculture: 30% of anthropogenic GHG emissions in SSA.
• Livestock: > 70% of agricultural GHG emissions.
• So what? Why do the poorest farmers in the world care about
their animals’ GHG emissions?
• but they care about their animals and their livelihoods
They Don’t!
Key
4. Richards et al. in prep
Why do we need empirical studies?
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
PredictedCO2ekg/ha
Measured CO2e kg/ha
Maize Zimbabwe
Maize China
Maize Tanzania
Tea Kenya
Vegetables Kenya or Tanzania
Measured (CO2e kg ha-1 season-1)
PredictedbyCFT(CO2ekgha-1season-1)
Prediction error for smallholder cropping systems
Hickman et al. 2014
Why are the emission factors incorrect?
• limited dataset
• models use emission factors from other regions
• other regions have different climate / soils /
management / animal breeds, etc.
5. • East Africa
- Economic growth
- High population density and growth
- Biodiversity hotspots
- Rapid environmental degradation and environmental changes
- Hub for many international organizations
- Commitment of Ethiopian, Kenyan and Ugandan Ministries of Environment and agriculture for
joined work on emission factors and inventoring
• Poor capacity to target, measure, report, verify (MRV)
and manage environmental problems
- Identifying hot spots
- Derive a GHG emission baseline and monitoring the state of the environment
- Identifying the drivers of environmental change
- Identify appropriate, cost effective methods
- Integrate knowledge
Why an Environmental Research Centre for East
Africa?
UNEP 2013, Africa Environment Outlook
“Making promising policies work ”
6. Scale
• Soil
• Plant
• Animal
• System (ecosystem, livestock system
etc.)
Environmental issues
• GHG emissions
• meteorological stations
• Soil and plant nutrients
• Water quality and water availability –
resilience
Productivity analysis:
• quantity and quality
Mazingira Centre (Nairobi, Kenya)
(fully operational since summer 2015,strongly supported by KIT, Germany)
7. From livestock manure:
• N2O
• Preliminary data: between 10 and 40% of
IPCC emission factors (EFs)
• CH4
• between 4 and 14% of IPCC emission
factors
From cropping systems:
• N2O
• between 0.01 and 0.1% (Hickman et al. 2015);
or and/or low fertilizer application
rates resulted in no noticeable increase
in N2O emissions
(GBC Rosenstock et al. 2016; BGD Pelster et al. 2016, JEQ Pelster et
al. 2016)
What do the preliminary data look like?
8. Way forward?
REAL-EF (Real emission factors) Proposal
• MRV system for four East African countries towards Tier 2
quality by building scientific & administrative capacity
• To measure, analyze and synthesize GHG emissions data for
AFOLU sector – specifically the livestock sector
• To fill capacity gaps in data collection and analysis, calculation
of EFs, data sharing and archiving systems through hand-on
training of administrators, researchers and technicians
• To support implementation of low emissions development
(LED) strategies and CSA practices and thereby attract
investment from the private sector & international financing
9. Way forward?
REALEF Proposal
• To create a replicable and adaptable framework to move
developing countries toward Tier 2 MRV of GHG emissions for
livestock systems via creation of an East African South-South
partnership
Link to what is already in place:
• Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA)
Organizes LED in a sector – qualifies for climate finance (GCF,
IFAD), Kenya dairy NAMA is in advanced stage already
• Climate finance requires
Financial delivery mechanisms across sector, connection between
LED action and MRV for GHG emissions
10. Baseline,
Practices & EFs
Experimentation
& Socio-institutional
analysis
On-farm &
institutional
experiments & MRV
testing
Input for LED planning,
pursuit of NAMA targets
Potential LED implementation
Mechanisms identified
Outreach to LED & Climate
finance institutions
Climate finance mechanisms
support CSA technologies
- Tested MRVs
- Functioning CF institutions
Year1Year2Year3Year5Year4 country level
country level
3 counties
3 counties
Adoption of CSA
practices for
greening livestock
Funders:
IFAD &
CCAFS
2 counties
2 counties
Way forward?
Editor's Notes
After the Paris agreement many countries have signed the treaty – however it is questionable how well the reporting especially from Low income or medium income countries as in Africa is.
What are the INDC – the INDCS are the implementation tools of the Paris agreement at national scale and they focus purely on GHG emissions reporting of all sectors or in a broader sense the environmental footprint of systems and how to move towards low emissions development strategies!
models likely using incorrect emission factors
Predictions from cool farm tool
Similar issues were found with the Ex-Act model as well
Hickman paper goes up to 100 kg N per ha; Todd’s does as well, while our landscape plots had application rates up to 30 kg per ha.
Also, data from Theodora’s work, indicates an emission factor of about 0.5%... Which is consistent with all the others (up to 100 kg N per ha)
Left is the on the ground CCAFS stuff, right is the IFAD policy stuff