This document provides an overview of gas flaring reduction efforts by Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It notes that SPDC has been a major oil producer in the region since the 1950s and that 70% of associated natural gas produced is currently flared. The document outlines some of the challenges to reducing gas flaring, including infrastructure and regulatory issues. It then summarizes several gas utilization projects SPDC has undertaken in recent decades to harness natural gas, such as supplying gas to the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas plant and West African Gas Pipeline. The document concludes that further efforts are needed by both SPDC and the Nigerian government to fully address the problem of gas flaring
Key energy transition technologies are reliant on the mining sector, including solar PV, wind and battery storage, and demand for these commodities is on an upwards trajectory; there are opportunities for investors to can identify challenges and bring solutions to the industry
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Maintaining ocean ecosystems and services depends
in large part on the negotiation process
toward a global climate agreement under the
UNFCCC. In this regard, four key messages emerge
from our analysis. First, the ocean strongly influences
the climate system and provides important
services to humans. Second, impacts on key
marine and coastal organisms, ecosystems, and
services from anthropogenic CO2 emissions are
already detectable, and several will face high risk
of impacts well before 2100, even with the stringent
CO2 emissions scenario (RCP2.6). These impacts
are occurring across all latitudes and have
become a global concern that spans the traditional
north/south divide. Third, the analysis shows
that immediate and substantial reduction of CO2
emissions is required in order to prevent the massive
and effectively irreversible impacts on ocean
ecosystems and their services that are projected
with emissions scenarios more severe than RCP2.6.
Limiting emissions to below this level is necessary
to meet UNFCCC's stated objectives. Management
options that overlook CO2, such as solar
radiation management and control of methane
emission, will only minimize impacts of ocean
warming and not those of ocean acidification.
Fourth, as CO2 increases, the protection, adaptation,
and repair options for the ocean become
fewer and less effective.
Given the contrasting futures we have outlined
here, the ocean provides further compelling arguments
for rapid and rigorous CO2 emission
reduction and eventual reduction of atmospheric
CO2 content. As a result, any new global climate
agreement that does not minimize the impacts
on the ocean will be incomplete and inadequate.
its describes Climate change w.r.t. agriculture its causes and effects and carbon trading in emission reduction of co2 , mechanisms, types , advantages and disadvantages.
A presentation on net-zero CO2 and GHG emissions. I focus mainly on the conceptual background, discussing also the role of Carbon Dioxide Removal and offsets... Details https://klimastiftelsen.no/arrangement/klimafrokost-hva-betyr-netto-nullutslipp-i-2050-for-beslutninger-og-investeringer-i-dag/
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Global CCS Institute, delivered at the Global CCS Institute's Third Americas Forum
Feb. 27th, 2014, Washington, DC
Key messages
Maintaining ocean ecosystems and services depends
in large part on the negotiation process
toward a global climate agreement under the
UNFCCC. In this regard, four key messages emerge
from our analysis. First, the ocean strongly influences
the climate system and provides important
services to humans. Second, impacts on key
marine and coastal organisms, ecosystems, and
services from anthropogenic CO2 emissions are
already detectable, and several will face high risk
of impacts well before 2100, even with the stringent
CO2 emissions scenario (RCP2.6). These impacts
are occurring across all latitudes and have
become a global concern that spans the traditional
north/south divide. Third, the analysis shows
that immediate and substantial reduction of CO2
emissions is required in order to prevent the massive
and effectively irreversible impacts on ocean
ecosystems and their services that are projected
with emissions scenarios more severe than RCP2.6.
Limiting emissions to below this level is necessary
to meet UNFCCC's stated objectives. Management
options that overlook CO2, such as solar
radiation management and control of methane
emission, will only minimize impacts of ocean
warming and not those of ocean acidification.
Fourth, as CO2 increases, the protection, adaptation,
and repair options for the ocean become
fewer and less effective.
Given the contrasting futures we have outlined
here, the ocean provides further compelling arguments
for rapid and rigorous CO2 emission
reduction and eventual reduction of atmospheric
CO2 content. As a result, any new global climate
agreement that does not minimize the impacts
on the ocean will be incomplete and inadequate.
its describes Climate change w.r.t. agriculture its causes and effects and carbon trading in emission reduction of co2 , mechanisms, types , advantages and disadvantages.
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Nigeria is ranked one of the main producers of crude oil in Africa and due to this, oil exploration activities have occasioned high rate of gas flaring which was intensified by poor enforcement of anti-gas flaring laws by the regulatory authorities. Associated natural gas is generated from oil production and it is flared in large volumes, thereby leading to the emission of greenhouse gases and a waste of natural resources which could have potentially spawned billions of dollars for the Federal government. Nigerians are apprehensive that if nothing is done to combat this menace, the environment and man will be at risk due its damaging consequences. There is therefore the need to stop gas flaring by replicating the approaches used in the relatively advanced petroleum countries like Norway to tackle the menace. The research is an appraisal of legal frameworks regulating gas flaring in Nigeria’s Upstream Petroleum Sector. It is a doctrinal legal research that adopts a library based research approach. Weak enforcement and ambiguity of some anti-gas flaring laws are largely identified as the key factors responsible for the menace. It recommends the use of more advanced technologies, sophisticated mixture of regulations and none-regulatory incentives such as fiscal policies, gas market restructuring and proffer practical suggestions.
JEL Classifications: K2, K42, Q4, Q5, P28, K32, K12
Natural Gas Conditioning and Processing From Marginal Fields Using Modular Te...IJERA Editor
Gas flaring in Nigeria is a major pollution concern for the environment and health of Nigerians. Burning of
natural gas brings about emitting of carbon monoxide into the environment as well as warm up the environment,
thereby contributing to the global warming scourge. The lack of processing this gas has also led to loss of
revenue in a sector where there is a likelihood of otherwise generating more revenue in the country. Gas
conditioning and processing in Nigeria has brought about certain level of solutions to the flaring of natural gas
in the country. This paper discusses a modular technology associated with the conditioning and processing of
natural gas that marginal fields can partake-in in Nigeria to monetize natural gas in the country using a typical
Nigeria natural gas plant located in Delta State as a cased study. There have been lots of discouragement in the
past about investing in associated gas produced during crude oil production, but the study on this particular gas
plant in Nigeria shows solutions to most of this problems. The gas plant LPG facility is a modular assembly of
process equipment linked with interconnecting pipework for scalability and ease of deployment. The design
took into consideration the specific composition of the associated gas produced during production of crude oil.
The traditional approach of piping gas from a remotely located oil field to a central processing facility can now
be put aside paving the way for a less than orthodox technique of “bringing the plant to the gas” whereby the
need for expensive pipeline will be eliminated by situating the facility adjacent to the oil flow station. The gas
plant gives a full technology of utilizing natural gas resources to meet the socio-economic needs of mankind
while preserving the environment not only for meeting present needs but for the needs of future generations.
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Currently, the Nigerian gas-to-electricity project has over 1,000km of pipelines. For an electricity revolution based mainly on gas, Nigeria will need about 10,000km of gas pipeline infrastructure as well as adequate security measures to curb the menace of gas pipeline vandalisation. The questions arising from the gas to power proposal include the following: Who will be investing all the needed finances? Is the domestic gas price attractive to encourage investors to invest in gas exploration and pipeline expansion? Will the extant enabling policies ensure returns on investment? How sustainable is the available gas reserves to meet the needs of future generations? If realisable, will the expansion of the gas pipelines infrastructure guarantee sustainable and accessible power to all Nigerians especially those in the off-grid communities?
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Lessons Learned on CO2 Storage from the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration...Global CCS Institute
Completing field tests that demonstrate that geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be conducted safely and commercially is one step towards developing robust strategies for mitigating large point source CO2 emissions.
The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program (MRCSP) large volume CO2 injection test is providing data for improving capacity estimates and demonstrating storage capacity within a regionally significant resource. MRCSP is also evaluating CO2 storage potential in Ohio and other areas of the Midwest and the East Coast through regional mapping and exploratory site characterization. Lessons learned from pressure data analysis, modeling, monitoring technologies assessment, accounting, regional mapping and exploration enable technology advancements needed to help carbon capture and storage reach a commercial stage.
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Heavy Oil Recovery: Environmental Implications and Mitigation Measures Premier Publishers
Balancing oil and gas activities with environmental protection measures is necessary while producing heavy oil. This is because; heavy oil is produced by either chemical or thermal recovery methods which pose harmful effects on the environment. In order to ensure that the oil and gas industry sustainable, there must be elimination of all factors that degrade the environment. Since heavy oil must be produced to meet increasing energy demands, environmentally friendly measures should be used to ensure that there is low carbon emission, little or no chemical retention in the formation. This paper presents mitigation measures for eco-friendly heavy oil recovery; they include the use of renewable energy for heat/steam generation during thermal recovery in order to reduce emission of fuels and use of plant based non-toxic and degradable chemicals to avoid pollution of ground water and formation. These chemicals include polymers, alkali and surfactant during chemical flooding. This ensures the oil and gas industry keeps up with the sustainable development goals.
This paper talks about the impact of the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Program on the Domestic gas market. For more information on Market access & Research into the Nigerian/Africa energy market. contact us at
www.brockvilleinvestments.africa
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Similar to Gas Flaring Reduction In The Niger Delta (20)
4. Introduction
The Niger Delta is the hub of oil
industry in Nigeria
Crude oil in Niger Delta region
contains great proportion of
associated gas
Huge volume of associated gas are
usually released during production
of crude oil
5. Introduction
Statistics
40 billion bbl proven oil reserves
187 trillion ft3 natural gas
2.4 million bbl daily oil production
3.5 billion ft3/day natural gas
production
70% of gas produced daily is flared
Flaring is the technical term for the combustion of unwanted
flammable gases
6. Introduction
Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) started
production in the 1950s
Little demand for gas
No market for gas
Gas flaring remained accepted industry practice as SPDC
established major oil operation across the Niger Delta
Flaring of associated gas has continued unabated, even till
now
8. Problem identification
The key issues facing the effective reduction in gas flaring in the
Niger Delta
Legal issues regarding gas flaring regulatory framework
Nigerian government’s commitment /capacity to create
enabling environment
Fiscal and contractual framework for associated gas
Lack of infrastructure and huge upfront cost to develop it
Access to transmission and markets
Energy pricing
9. Problem identification
Difficult topography
Thousands of miles of pipelines
Thousands of scattered oil and gas
wells
11. Previous flaring reduction efforts
Legal Intervention
1979 Associated Gas Re-Injection Act (AGRA)
Banned flaring of associated gas
Forfeiture of concessions declared as penalty
1984 Associated Gas Re-Injection Regulations
Continued Flaring of Gas
1985 amendment of the 1979 Associated Gas Re-Injection
Act (AGRA)
Continued Flaring of Gas in certain oil fields
Payment of fine declared as penalty
12. Previous flaring reduction efforts
In the late ‘90s
State oil company – Nigeria National Petroleum
Corporation (NNPC) embarked on conception of
gas utilizing projects
Collaboration with major oil producing companies
Since then, a number of projects have gone on
stream
14. Research methods
Objective of study was to examine the efforts of one of the major oil
producing companies operating in the Niger Delta region, in reducing
continuous gas flaring in the Niger Delta
Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) was chosen as a
case study for the following reasons:
SPDC accounts for key volume of Nigeria’s total oil and gas production
SPDC has suffered substantial blame for the devastated environmental
state of the Niger Delta
15. Research methods
About SPDC
SPDC runs Nigeria’s largest oil and gas production JV on behalf of the
state. NNPC (55%), Shell (30%), Total (10%) and Agip (5%)
SPDC operates mainly onshore and in the shallow waters in the Niger Delta
Operations spreads over 30,000 square kilometers
A network of over 6,000 kilometers of flow lines and pipelines, 90 oil
fields, 1000 producing wells, 72 flow stations, 10 gas plants and two major
oil export terminals
SPDC produces an average of over one million boe/d
In 2009, the total production from Shell-run operations in the Niger Delta
averaged 629,000 boe/d
16. Harnessing natural gas
SPDC has been a pioneer in the development and application of the
technology to harness natural gas in the Niger Delta region
17. Harnessing natural gas
Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG)
SPDC’s interest holding in NLNG is
25.6%
SPDC is the major supplier of gas to
NLNG plant
Plant takes in 3.5 bcf/d of feed gas
NLNG is the largest gas utilization
project in Nigeria
18. Harnessing natural gas
West African Gas Pipeline (WAGP)
SPDC’s holding interest is 17.8%
170 mmscfd volume of initial gas
required
SPDC JV expected to supply
70 mmscfd
19. Harnessing natural gas
Gbaran-Ubie Integrated Oil and Gas
Project
Built to harness associated gas from
wells in some fields in Bayelsa State
Boost power generation in the Niger
Delta region
20. Harnessing natural gas
SPDC has several other gas utilization projects in the Niger
Delta {non-associated gas (NAG) supply as feed stock}
NAG mostly comes from various gas wells scattered around the
Niger Delta region
Some of these projects include:
Afam Integrated Gas and Power Project • Okoloma Gas Plant •
Bonny Terminal Integrated Project
22. Conclusion
Efforts are being made by SPDC to reduce continuous gas flaring in
the Niger Delta
The Federal Government of Nigeria needs to:
build major gas utilization projects around associated gas
embark on constructing comprehensive gas infrastructure in the Niger Delta
region
providing a stable fiscal framework, and also a firm attractive investment
climate
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