The document discusses the design of a natural gas pipeline from Farmington, New Mexico to Seattle, Washington. It outlines the key components of pipeline systems including pipes, compressor stations, metering stations, valves, and control systems. The document then describes the methodology used to design the pipeline, which included calculating pipe length and number of compressor stations needed based on flow equations, cities' distances and elevations. Finally, it presents the results of a cost analysis which recommended a 20-inch diameter pipeline with 6 compressor stations as the most economical solution.

1. Gas Pipeline Design
Abass Babatunde
Mohammad Dalu
Ibizugbe Nosakhare
Cyril Iyasele
Natural Gas Engineering
May 12, 2010

2. Outline
 Introduction
 Natural gas gathering
 Transportation of natural gas
 Pipeline components
 Pipeline design
 Conclusion / recommendation

3. Introduction
The efficient and effective movement of natural gas from producing regions
to consumption regions requires an extensive and elaborate transportation
system
 Gas transmission to consumer may be divided into:
Gathering system Compression station
Main trunk line Distribution lines
 Pipelines provide an economical method of transporting fluids over great
distances

4. Natural Gas Gathering
 The gathering system is made up of branches that lead into trunk lines
 Must be large enough to handle production of additional leases

5. Transportation of Natural Gas
 Gas produced from a well usually travels a great distance to its point of use
 Transportation system comprises complex pipeline networks
 Designed for quick and efficient transport of gas from origin to areas of high
demand

6. Pipeline Components
 Pipes
 Compressor Stations
 Metering Stations
 Valves
 Control Stations & SCADA systems

7. Pipeline Components
PIPES
 Measure anywhere from 6 to 48 inches in diameter
 Certain component pipe sections consists of smaller diameter pipe (0.5 in)
 Consists of strong carbon steel material, to meet API standards
 Covered with a specialized coating to prevent corrosion when paced under ground

8. Pipeline Components
COMPRESSOR STATIONS
 Natural gas is highly pressurized as it travels through interstate lines
 To ensure the flowing gas remains pressurized, compression is required
 Compressor stations usually placed at 40 to 100 mile intervals along pipeline

9. Pipeline Components
METERING STATIONS
 Measures the flow of gas along pipeline
 Placed periodically along interstate gas lines
 Allows monitoring and management of gas in pipes

10. Pipeline Components
VALVES
 Gateways: allow free flow or restriction of gas flow
 Interstate lines include valves along entire length
 Gas flow may be restricted if a section of pipe
requires:
 maintenance
 replacement

11. Pipeline Components
CONTROL STATIONS
 Monitor and control gas in pipeline
 Collect, assimilate, and manage data received
from compressor and metering stations
 Data received is provided by SCADA systems
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)

12. Pipeline Design
Pipeline Flow Equations
 Weymouth

13. Pipeline Design
Design Objective
 Move 21 MMscf/h of gas from
Farmington, NM to Seattle, WA
Constraints
 500 psia suction pressure
 500 psia delivery pressure
 Varying elevations

14. Pipeline Design
Methodology
 Cities distances and elevations noted
 Average temperatures estimated for each city
 Initial pipe size selected
 Max yield strength, allowable working pressure for selected pipe noted
 Initial guess made for the C.R. required for the first compression station.
 Expected output pressure computed

15. Pipeline Design
Methodology
 Pipe length calculated and compared to the distance between the first two cities
 Iteration carried out to determine number of compressor stations required
between Farmington and Seattle
 Simulation run for economical solution
 Installation costs determined
 Total cost, including cost of pipes noted

16. Pipeline Design
Methodology
 Initial pipe size changed, and the entire procedure above repeated
 Results evaluated to determine the optimum solution for the design

17. Pipeline Design
Results vs. Cost
Cost analysis
Nominal # of CAPEX of
Diameter NPV @ Compressor Cost of Pipeline Compressors Yearly OPEX
(in) 10% Stations ($ Billion) ($ Billion) ($ Billion)
16 4.575 17 1.068 2.167 0.168
20 2.225 6 1.326 0.530 0.046
24 2.436 4 1.624 0.370 0.028
26 2.256 3 1.787 0.307 0.020
30 2.291 2 2.142 0.009 0.018

18. Pipeline Design
Conclusion / Recommendation
A transportation network, with pipelines of 20 inches OD and 6 compression
stations will effectively deliver 21,000,000 scf/h of gas, from Farmington, NM
to Seattle, WA