Gas chromatography is a widely used analytical technique for separating and identifying chemical compounds through a sample solution injected into a gas stream that moves it into a separation column. The document details various detectors used in gas chromatography, including thermal conductivity, flame ionization, and others, along with essential instrumentation components. Applications of gas chromatography extend to fields such as food analysis, quality control, forensic analysis, and air pollution assessment.

1. Gas Chromatography
Prepared by
ADARSH KUMAR
M PHARM
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
GIPS, LUCKNOW

2. Content
 Introduction
 Principal of gas chromatography
 Classification of Detectors
 Instrumentation
 Factors affecting resolution
 Application

3. Introduction
 Gas chromatography is an instrumental method
for the separation and identification of
chemical compound
 Gas chromatography is most widely used
analytical technique in the world

4. Principal of Gas Chromatography
 The sample solution injected into the instrument enters a
gas stream which transports the sample into a separation
tube known as the "column."

5. Classification of Detectors
 Thermal Conductivity Detector.
 Flame Ionization Detector (FID).
 Thermo Iconic Detector.
 Flame Photometric Detector.
 Ultraviolet Detectors.
 Fluorescence Detector.
 Refractive index detector (RI or RID).
 Radio Flow Detector.

6. Flame photometric Detector
 Similar to thermo iconic detectors, flame
photometric detectors (FPDs) are used for
select applications. These devices detect
components with phosphorous or sulfuric
atoms.

7. Thermo ionic Detector
 Thermo ionic detectors, or TIDs, are not as
widely used as FIDs and TCDs. These detectors
are used to gauge and measure the presence of
compounds featuring phosphorous or nitrogen
atoms.

8. Instrumentation

9. Instrumentation of gas chromatography
 A good gas chromatography machine
contains the following important
components,
 Pressure regulator
 Sample injection port
 Gas chromatography column
 Stationary phase
 Detector
 Signal recorder

10. Applications of gas
chromatography
 Food analysis
 Quality control
 Forensic analysis
 Air pollution