This document defines and discusses the key elements and types of literature. It begins by defining literature as written works that reflect cultural background, including poetry, novels, history and essays. It then discusses the main types of literature - fiction, which is based on imagination, and nonfiction, which is based on facts. The document also outlines the main elements of a story, including setting, plot, characters, conflict, point of view and theme. It provides details on each element, such as the parts of a plot and different types of characters and conflicts.
Active and Passive Voice - Junior High School English 9 (Powerpoint Presentat...Anjenette Columnas
A Powerpoint Presentation about Active and Passive Voice in the English Subject. I'm now a professional teacher and this powerpoint presentation was used during my teaching demonstration in Sicayab National High School.
Sensory imagery is a literary device writers employ to engage a reader's mind on multiple levels. Sensory imagery explores the five human senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell.
Hello! Kindly click like button if the article/presentation is helpful. Thank you :)
Active and Passive Voice - Junior High School English 9 (Powerpoint Presentat...Anjenette Columnas
A Powerpoint Presentation about Active and Passive Voice in the English Subject. I'm now a professional teacher and this powerpoint presentation was used during my teaching demonstration in Sicayab National High School.
Sensory imagery is a literary device writers employ to engage a reader's mind on multiple levels. Sensory imagery explores the five human senses: sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell.
Hello! Kindly click like button if the article/presentation is helpful. Thank you :)
Understanding the Short StoryTitle __________________________.docxmarilucorr
Understanding the Short Story
Title :_________________________________________________________________
Plot
1) What does the reader learn during exposition?
2) What is/are the conflict(s)?
3) What complications are introduced?
4) What is the climax of the story?
5) How is the conflict resolved?
Point of view
1) From what point of view is the story narrated? (first person, third person, etc.)
2) How does the narration influence your understanding of the story?
Characters
1) Who is the protagonist?
2) Who is the antagonist?
3) Are the characters round or flat?
4) Are the characters static or dynamic?
Setting
1) What is the setting of the story?
2) Does the setting influence other elements of the story?
Theme
1) What is/are the theme(s) of the story?
2) How do you know?
LITERARY TERMS
"Structure" includes all the elements in a story. The final objective is to see the story as a whole and to become aware of how the parts are put together to produce a unified effect.
ELEMENTS OF PLOT
All fiction is based on conflict and this conflict is presented in a structured format called PLOT.
Exposition
The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story.
Foreshadowing
The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.
Inciting Force
The event or character that triggers the conflict.
Conflict
The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be identified as one of four kinds. (Man versus…Man, Nature, Society, or Self)
Rising Action
A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.
Crisis
The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point the opposing forces in the story meet and the conflict becomes most intense. The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax.
Climax
The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted.
Falling Action
The events after the climax which close the story.
Resolution (Denouement)
Rounds out and concludes the action.
CHARACTERIZATION
MAJOR CHARACTERS
Almost always round or three-dimensional characters. They have good and bad qualities. Their goals, ambitions and values change. A round character changes as a result of what happens to him or her. A character who changes inside as a result of what happens to him is referred to in literature as a DYNAMIC character. A dynamic character grows or progresses to a higher level of understanding in the course of the story.
Protagonist
The main character in the story
Antagonist
The character or force that opposes the protagonist.
Foil
A character who provides a contrast to the protagonist.
MINOR CHARACTERS
Almost always flat or two-dimensional characters. They have only one or two stri ...
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3. What is literature?
It refers to a body of written works such as poetry,
novels, history, biography, and essays that reflects
the background of a certain culture. It is derived
from the Latin word litaritura/litteratura which
means “writing formed with letters.”
4. What are the Types of
Literature?
1. Fiction. It is a type of literature that is a product
of a writer’s imagination. It can be inspired by
actual or completely made-up events. It is usually
created through the use of clear details that we
recognize or that move us in some ways.
5. What are the Types of
Literature?
2. Nonfiction. It is a type of literature that is
based on facts. It is a writing about real
people, places, and events which include
biographies, auto-biographies, and interviews.
6. What are the Elements of a
Story?
1. Setting. It refers to the time and
place in which the action of the story
happens.
7. What are the Elements of a
Story?
2. Plot. It is defined as an interrelated
sequence of events in a story where
each event affects the other, thus
showing the cause-and-effect
relationship.
8. Elements of Plot
a. Exposition/Initial Action. This is the
very beginning of a story. In this part,
authors usually introduce the major
characters and setting to the reader.
9. Elements of Plot
b. Rising Action. This is the part when
tension starts to build. It usually involves
facing and conquering minor conflicts,
which is what keeps the plot moving
forward.
10. Elements of Plot
c. Climax. This is the part of the story where
the characters finally have to face and solve
the major conflict. This is the "peak" of the
plot or the highest point of interest where all
the tensions of the rising action lead to the
success or failure of the hero.
11. Elements of Plot
d. Falling Action. This is everything that
happens after the climax but before the
resolution. This is when the tension
lessens and starts bringing the action to
a close.
12. Elements of Plot
e. Resolution/Denouement. This is
the conclusion or ending of a story.
13. What are the Elements of a
Story?
3. Character. It refers to a person, an
object, an animal, or imaginary creature
personified in the story. There are two
types of characters: the protagonist and
the antagonist.
14. Two Types of Character
a. Protagonist. It is the main character
who does heroic acts in the story.
15. Two Types of Character
b. Antagonist. It is also a main
character who opposes the
protagonist in some way.
16. What are the Elements of a
Story?
4. Conflict. It refers to the problem that
the main characters have to face. The
conflict of the story has four major types:
man vs. man, man vs. self, man vs.
society, and man vs. supernatural.
17. Elements of Conflict
Man vs. man. It is the conflict of the story in
which the struggle is between the protagonist
and the antagonist. In this conflict, the
protagonist wants something, and the
antagonist obstructs the protagonist from
getting what he wants.
18. Elements of Conflict
Man vs. self. It is a conflict that takes
place within the character himself. It
often involves the character in making
a decision between right and wrong.
19. Elements of Conflict
Man vs. society. It is a conflict that
occurs when the character has a
conflict with the government, cultural,
or societal tradition.
20. Elements of Conflict
Man vs. supernatural. It is a conflict
that happens when the protagonist
faces a struggle against a god, gods,
and supernatural forces.
21. What are the Elements of a
Story?
5. Point of View. This is the angle of
narration or the perspective from
which the story is told. It can be
classified as first person and third
person.
22. What are the Elements of a
Story?
5. Point of View (POV). This is the
angle of narration or the perspective
from which the story is told. It can be
classified as first person and third
person.
23. Classification of POV
a. First Person. The narrator is a
character in the story who can reveal
only personal thoughts and feelings. It
uses the personal pronoun I.
24. Classification of POV
b. Third person. This is when the narrator is
removed from the story and tells it from an
outside perspective. To do this, the narrator
uses personal pronouns like "he," "she," and
"they" to refer to the characters in the story.
25. What are the Elements of a
Story?
6. Theme. It refers to the central idea
or message of a story.