This document summarizes a research paper on simulating and investigating the performance of a series active power filter using hysteresis current control.
The paper presents the simulation of a hysteresis current controlled, three-phase series active power filter to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics and reactive power required by a non-linear load. The series active filter employs a simple method for calculating the reference compensation voltage based on p-q theory. The results show the active filter maintains total harmonic distortion well within IEEE standards, providing satisfactory mitigation of harmonics, reactive power compensation, and power factor improvement.
This document summarizes a study on simulating and evaluating the performance of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) using hysteresis current control. A UPQC consists of back-to-back connected shunt and series active power filters to compensate for load harmonics and voltage distortions. The shunt filter regulates DC link voltage and compensates for current harmonics and reactive power, while the series filter compensates for voltage harmonics. Simulation results show the UPQC is able to mitigate harmonics and improve power quality metrics like power factor to within IEEE standards.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement using Active Power FilterIRJET Journal
This document discusses improving power quality using an active power filter. It proposes a novel circuit topology for a three-phase active power filter (APF) that can suppress harmonic currents and provide complete reactive power compensation. The proposed APF uses a two-arm bridge power converter along with filter inductors, reactive power capacitors, and capacitor/resistor filtering. It is shown to have enhanced harmonic compensation capabilities compared to conventional APF topologies. The APF aims to mitigate issues caused by nonlinear loads such as current harmonics, reduced power factor, and voltage distortions on distribution systems.
Neuro-Fuzzy Five-level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Active Power FilterIDES Editor
This paper presents an investigation of five-Level
Cascaded H-bridge(CHB) inverter as Active Power Filter in
Power System (PS) for compensation of reactive power and
harmonics. The advantages of CHB inverter are low harmonic
distortion, reduced number of switches and suppression of
switching losses. The Active Power Filter helps to improve
the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion
(THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier Load (NLDRL).
The D-Q reference frame theory is used to generate the
reference compensating currents for Active Power Filter
while Neuro-Fuzzy controller(NFC) is used for capacitor dc
voltage regulation. A CHB Inverter is considered for shunt
compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level
shifted PWM (LSPWM) technique adopted to investigate the
performance of CHB Inverter. The results are obtained through
Mat lab / Simulink .
POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A UNIFIED POWER FLOW C...IJITE
The unified power quality conditioner is the equipment used for regulated voltage distortion and voltage
unbalance in a power system. UPFC can enhance the power to flow through the transmission system by
controlling the power flow and voltage stability of the transmission line within their limits. This paper
presents a control scheme and Theoretical derivation of the unified power flow conditioner and the
simulation results are compared and contrasted in detail. UPFC is a combination of shunt Active and
series active power filters. UPFC contains a DC link capacitor in a single-phase voltage source inverter
with two back to back connected, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire are arranged. The
fundamental target of this work is to determine the causes and impacts of power quality problems,
specifically voltage sag, voltage swell, power factor, and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and enhance
the power quality of a transmission system by UPFC based Transformative Intrinsic Algorithm (TIA). The
Simulation of the proposed method is developed by Mat lab Simulink software, and the simulation result
shows, the proposed method gives better solutions to control the power imbalance in the distribution
system with its cost-effectiveness.
The document describes the use of active power filters to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics and reactive power required by nonlinear loads. It discusses shunt active power filters, which compensate for harmonic currents, and series active power filters, which compensate for voltage harmonics. The key points are:
1) Shunt active power filters inject harmonic currents to cancel out load current harmonics and maintain the DC link voltage. Series active power filters inject a compensating voltage to cancel out supply voltage harmonics.
2) Reference compensation currents/voltages are estimated using techniques like Fast Fourier Transform and p-q theory.
3) Unified Power Quality Conditioners (UPQC) consist of back-to-
A Novel Compensating Technique for Power Factor Improvement in Power Electron...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a novel compensating technique for improving power factor in power electronic systems. The technique uses vector control implemented on the supply side to regulate the in-phase and quadrature components of supply current. Simulation results show that with the proposed compensator, the system draws a leading current even with non-linear loads, improving the power factor. The total harmonic distortion is also reduced significantly to only 0.7%, compared to over 90% without compensation. Simulation waveforms verify the power factor and THD improvements over conventional uncompensated and statically compensated systems.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Harmonic Suppression of Shunt Hybrid Filter using LQR-PSO based IJECEIAES
In linear quadratic regulator (LQR), two different weighting matrices play an important role in presenting the performance of this controller. Instead of using classic common approach, which is trial and error method, this study proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to track the best solution of the weighting matrices. The proposed algorithm is tested on shunt hybrid active power filter (APF) to mitigate the harmonic contents in voltage and current signals in a nonlinear load system. The modeling work of this proposed system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. From the simulation, the obtained results proved that using PSO in tuning the LQR controller produce smoother nonlinear voltage and current signals. In fact, the amount of current to be injected into network can be reduced up to 95%. Besides, less time is consumed during searching the optimum weighting matrices using the proposed approach.
This document summarizes a study on simulating and evaluating the performance of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) using hysteresis current control. A UPQC consists of back-to-back connected shunt and series active power filters to compensate for load harmonics and voltage distortions. The shunt filter regulates DC link voltage and compensates for current harmonics and reactive power, while the series filter compensates for voltage harmonics. Simulation results show the UPQC is able to mitigate harmonics and improve power quality metrics like power factor to within IEEE standards.
IRJET- Power Quality Improvement using Active Power FilterIRJET Journal
This document discusses improving power quality using an active power filter. It proposes a novel circuit topology for a three-phase active power filter (APF) that can suppress harmonic currents and provide complete reactive power compensation. The proposed APF uses a two-arm bridge power converter along with filter inductors, reactive power capacitors, and capacitor/resistor filtering. It is shown to have enhanced harmonic compensation capabilities compared to conventional APF topologies. The APF aims to mitigate issues caused by nonlinear loads such as current harmonics, reduced power factor, and voltage distortions on distribution systems.
Neuro-Fuzzy Five-level Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for Active Power FilterIDES Editor
This paper presents an investigation of five-Level
Cascaded H-bridge(CHB) inverter as Active Power Filter in
Power System (PS) for compensation of reactive power and
harmonics. The advantages of CHB inverter are low harmonic
distortion, reduced number of switches and suppression of
switching losses. The Active Power Filter helps to improve
the power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion
(THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier Load (NLDRL).
The D-Q reference frame theory is used to generate the
reference compensating currents for Active Power Filter
while Neuro-Fuzzy controller(NFC) is used for capacitor dc
voltage regulation. A CHB Inverter is considered for shunt
compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level
shifted PWM (LSPWM) technique adopted to investigate the
performance of CHB Inverter. The results are obtained through
Mat lab / Simulink .
POWER STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH A UNIFIED POWER FLOW C...IJITE
The unified power quality conditioner is the equipment used for regulated voltage distortion and voltage
unbalance in a power system. UPFC can enhance the power to flow through the transmission system by
controlling the power flow and voltage stability of the transmission line within their limits. This paper
presents a control scheme and Theoretical derivation of the unified power flow conditioner and the
simulation results are compared and contrasted in detail. UPFC is a combination of shunt Active and
series active power filters. UPFC contains a DC link capacitor in a single-phase voltage source inverter
with two back to back connected, three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire are arranged. The
fundamental target of this work is to determine the causes and impacts of power quality problems,
specifically voltage sag, voltage swell, power factor, and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and enhance
the power quality of a transmission system by UPFC based Transformative Intrinsic Algorithm (TIA). The
Simulation of the proposed method is developed by Mat lab Simulink software, and the simulation result
shows, the proposed method gives better solutions to control the power imbalance in the distribution
system with its cost-effectiveness.
The document describes the use of active power filters to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics and reactive power required by nonlinear loads. It discusses shunt active power filters, which compensate for harmonic currents, and series active power filters, which compensate for voltage harmonics. The key points are:
1) Shunt active power filters inject harmonic currents to cancel out load current harmonics and maintain the DC link voltage. Series active power filters inject a compensating voltage to cancel out supply voltage harmonics.
2) Reference compensation currents/voltages are estimated using techniques like Fast Fourier Transform and p-q theory.
3) Unified Power Quality Conditioners (UPQC) consist of back-to-
A Novel Compensating Technique for Power Factor Improvement in Power Electron...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a novel compensating technique for improving power factor in power electronic systems. The technique uses vector control implemented on the supply side to regulate the in-phase and quadrature components of supply current. Simulation results show that with the proposed compensator, the system draws a leading current even with non-linear loads, improving the power factor. The total harmonic distortion is also reduced significantly to only 0.7%, compared to over 90% without compensation. Simulation waveforms verify the power factor and THD improvements over conventional uncompensated and statically compensated systems.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Harmonic Suppression of Shunt Hybrid Filter using LQR-PSO based IJECEIAES
In linear quadratic regulator (LQR), two different weighting matrices play an important role in presenting the performance of this controller. Instead of using classic common approach, which is trial and error method, this study proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to track the best solution of the weighting matrices. The proposed algorithm is tested on shunt hybrid active power filter (APF) to mitigate the harmonic contents in voltage and current signals in a nonlinear load system. The modeling work of this proposed system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. From the simulation, the obtained results proved that using PSO in tuning the LQR controller produce smoother nonlinear voltage and current signals. In fact, the amount of current to be injected into network can be reduced up to 95%. Besides, less time is consumed during searching the optimum weighting matrices using the proposed approach.
Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hyster...ijtsrd
Nowadays various power converters like AC DC or DC DC are widely used due to their flexible output voltage and high efficiency. But these converters take the current in the form of pulses from the utility grid so that the high Total Harmonic Distortion THD and poor Power Factor PF are the major disadvantages of these converters. Hence there is a continuous need for PF improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The most popular topology for Active Power Factor Correction APFC is a boost converter as it draws continuous input current. This input current can be manipulated by Hysteresis control technique. The boost converter can perform this type of active power factor correction in many discontinuous and continuous modes. The design and simulation of boost converter with power factor correction in continuous conduction mode is represented by using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Yu Yu Khin | Yan Aung Oo "Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hysteresis Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27905.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27905/design-and-simulation-of-power-factor-correction-boost-converter-using-hysteresis-control/yu-yu-khin
Power factor correction using bridgeless boost topologyDHEERAJ DHAKAR
This document summarizes research on using a bridgeless boost topology for power factor correction. It begins by introducing power factor and the issues caused by low power factor systems. It then discusses conventional boost converter topologies used for power factor correction and the benefits of a bridgeless boost topology. The document presents simulations comparing the performance of a conventional boost converter to a bridgeless boost converter for power factor correction. It finds that the bridgeless topology achieves higher efficiency power factor correction.
This document describes a simulation study of a PI-controlled three-phase shunt active power filter using hysteresis current control. Shunt active power filters can compensate for harmonics and reactive power required by non-linear loads. The filter employs fast Fourier transform to calculate the reference compensation current. Hysteresis current control is used to inject the compensation current into the line. Simulation results show the filter is able to mitigate harmonic distortion, reactive power compensation, and improve power factor, while maintaining total harmonic distortion within IEEE standards.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Neural Network based p-q-r Theory for Harmonic Reduction and Neutral Current ...IJECEIAES
This document presents a neural network (NN) based p-q-r control strategy for a distributed static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) in a three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution system. The DSTATCOM integrates a three-phase four-leg voltage source converter with a DC capacitor. The control strategy uses two artificial neural network controllers - one to calculate reference signals for the three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter, and another to produce reference signals for the single-phase active power filter to mitigate neutral current under unbalanced conditions. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the effectiveness of the NN based control algorithm in reducing total harmonic distortion, compensating reactive power
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
Shunt active power filters based on diode clamped multilevel inverter and hys...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a shunt active power filter system based on an 11-step diode clamped multilevel inverter and hysteresis band current controller. The system aims to compensate for harmonics in non-linear loads and improve power quality. A two inverter shunt active power filter configuration is proposed to reduce total harmonic distortion and device ratings. Instantaneous reactive power theory is used to generate reference currents, which the hysteresis controller then uses to generate switching signals for the multilevel inverter. Simulation results show the system can achieve 1.8% THD, 0.99 power factor, and compensate 10MW of active and 0.3MVAR of reactive power.
Adaptive Modified Minimally Switched Hysteresis Controlled Shunt Active Power...idescitation
The main focus of this article is to investigate the
effects of Adaptive control on the switching frequency and
Total Harmonic Distortion of a modified, minimally switched
hysteresis controlled shunt active power filter. Reference
current generation was done using Instantaneous real and
reactive power algorithm. Pulses to the minimally switched
grid interactive inverter in which only two switches are
controlled at a time, had been generated using a modified
hysteresis current controller. Use of Modified Hysteresis
controller results in reducing the switching loses to one-third
but results in increase in current THD than the conventional
hysteresis controller. To overcome this, pulses to the modified
hysteresis controller were generated employing adaptive
control by modifying pulses from a conventional hysteresis
controller. Using adaptive control instantaneous switching
frequency was reduced and maintained nearly constant and
THD was brought to the limits specified by the standards,
thus overcoming the disadvantage of conventional and modified
hysteresis controller which has variable switching frequency.
A comparison of Modified Hysteresis controller with and
without Adaptive control has been made, to show the reduction
in THD. The system was simulated using MATLAB-
SIMULINK.
Hysteresis Current Control Based Shunt Active Power Filter for Six Pulse Ac/D...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research paper on a hysteresis current control based shunt active power filter for a six pulse AC/DC converter. It describes using p-q theory and a PI controller to calculate reference currents for the shunt active power filter to compensate harmonic currents drawn by a three phase six pulse AC/DC converter. Simulation results show the filter is effective at reducing total harmonic distortion at the source from over 23% to under 2.4% transiently and 1.1% steadily, meeting IEEE standards. The shunt active power filter configuration, hysteresis current control approach, and simulation results validating the compensation of harmonics are summarized.
Dynamic Power Factor Correction in a Non Linear Environmentiosrjce
Electric power quality mainly refers to maintaining a near sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage
at rated magnitude and frequency. In modern electric power supply distribution systems, there is a sharp rise in
use of both single phase and three-phase non-linear loads and due to these non-linear loads, non-sinusoidal
unbalanced current is drawn from ac mains resulting in harmonic injection, burden of reactive power, more
neutral currents and unbalanced loading of ac mains. In this paper the simulation of ideal shunt active power
filter is carried out to eliminate harmonics and also improving the power factor for three-phase, three-wire
system. In addition to this, simulation of shunt APF for three-phase, three-wire distribution system using time
domain p-q theory has been carried out to eliminate harmonics. Also an attempt is made to find out various
power quality problems and among these problems most prominent and frequently occurring problem
harmonics is analyzed and its causes, effects and mitigating or improving techniques are explained in detail. A
case study using ideal shunt AF and Shunt AF using p-q theory is also carried out in this paper.
Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based Active Power Filters: A Survey of ControlsIOSR Journals
This document summarizes several control strategies for cascaded multilevel inverter based active power filters, including:
1. P-q theory with PI controller, which calculates real and reactive power to generate reference currents but has errors when voltages are distorted.
2. Average power method with carrier phase shifted PWM, which gives accurate results even with distorted voltages by using a PLL and calculating average power.
3. Instantaneous real-power theory with triangular-sampling current modulator, which generates reference currents to compensate for harmonics and reactive power in real-time using simple calculations. It maintains the DC bus voltage and works for generic power systems.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
Comparative Evaluation of Generalized Multicell Impedance Source Inverter for...IJPEDS-IAES
Voltage-Source Inverter is limited by its only voltage step-down operation. In adding with extra boosting the flexibility is kept active for the number of semiconductors which is unchanged, voltage-type Z-source inverter was earlier proposed. This new class of inverter is generally less sensitive to electromagnetic noises. However, their boosting capabilities are anyhow less with high component stresses and poorer spectral performances caused by low modulation index ratios. Their boosting gains are, therefore, restricted in practice. To overcome these we use the generalized switched-inductor Z- source inverter is proposed, By comparing with PWM technique and SPWM technique, whose extra boosting abilities and other advantages have been verified in simulation analysis and experiment.
The document describes the design of a shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to reduce harmonics on the AC side due to non-linear loads. A SHAPF consists of both an active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel. The active filter uses an instantaneous reactive power theory-based control strategy to calculate compensating currents, while the passive filter includes a tuned RLC circuit to filter specific harmonics. Simulation results using MATLAB Simulink show the SHAPF reduces the total harmonic distortion of the source current from 30.35% to 3.25%, outperforming passive and active filters alone. The control strategy effectively reduces harmonics through feedback compensation provided by the hybrid filter configuration.
Mitigation Unbalance Nonlinear Loads and Dissimilar Line Currents Using Shunt...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document presents a new control method for a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to compensate for unbalanced nonlinear loads and dissimilar line currents. The proposed control method uses both dq-theory and instantaneous p-q power theory to calculate reference currents. Fuzzy logic control is also used to optimize the SAPF performance. Simulation results show the controller is effective at mitigating harmonic distortion, compensating load asymmetry, and eliminating negative and zero sequence currents. The total harmonic distortion of the line currents is reduced from 29.8% to 4.1% with this control approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses using waste plastic as a modifier for asphalt and cement concrete pavements. It summarizes previous research coating aggregates with plastic waste and blending plastic into asphalt at different ratios. The author aims to evaluate properties of coated aggregates and polymer-modified asphalt, including Marshall stability and compressive strength. Test results showed increases in stability and strength compared to unmodified materials, indicating plastic waste has potential as a pavement modifier. This could provide an eco-friendly use of plastic waste.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes two methods to detect abnormalities inside a buried marble block using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The first method directly detected a block buried 0.2m deep using GPR. Hyperbolas in the radargram indicated the block position and internal cracks. The second method used GPR simulation software to model signals from a block buried at 0.5m, validating GPR can distinguish usable blocks from those with fractures or debris. Both methods show GPR and simulations can effectively locate marble blocks and internal cracks for quarry exploitation.
This document presents a comparative analysis of vertical handoff in IEEE 802.11 WLAN and CDMA networks. It discusses vertical handoff strategies and methods, and related work on handoff performance analysis in 802.11 networks. The paper then presents an existing vertical handoff algorithm between WLAN and CDMA networks, and defines variables used to determine handoff delay and throughput. Simulation results are shown comparing throughput and handoff delay for real-time and non-real-time services under different conditions in a network modeled based on WLAN and CDMA technologies.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hyster...ijtsrd
Nowadays various power converters like AC DC or DC DC are widely used due to their flexible output voltage and high efficiency. But these converters take the current in the form of pulses from the utility grid so that the high Total Harmonic Distortion THD and poor Power Factor PF are the major disadvantages of these converters. Hence there is a continuous need for PF improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The most popular topology for Active Power Factor Correction APFC is a boost converter as it draws continuous input current. This input current can be manipulated by Hysteresis control technique. The boost converter can perform this type of active power factor correction in many discontinuous and continuous modes. The design and simulation of boost converter with power factor correction in continuous conduction mode is represented by using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Yu Yu Khin | Yan Aung Oo "Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hysteresis Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27905.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27905/design-and-simulation-of-power-factor-correction-boost-converter-using-hysteresis-control/yu-yu-khin
Power factor correction using bridgeless boost topologyDHEERAJ DHAKAR
This document summarizes research on using a bridgeless boost topology for power factor correction. It begins by introducing power factor and the issues caused by low power factor systems. It then discusses conventional boost converter topologies used for power factor correction and the benefits of a bridgeless boost topology. The document presents simulations comparing the performance of a conventional boost converter to a bridgeless boost converter for power factor correction. It finds that the bridgeless topology achieves higher efficiency power factor correction.
This document describes a simulation study of a PI-controlled three-phase shunt active power filter using hysteresis current control. Shunt active power filters can compensate for harmonics and reactive power required by non-linear loads. The filter employs fast Fourier transform to calculate the reference compensation current. Hysteresis current control is used to inject the compensation current into the line. Simulation results show the filter is able to mitigate harmonic distortion, reactive power compensation, and improve power factor, while maintaining total harmonic distortion within IEEE standards.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Neural Network based p-q-r Theory for Harmonic Reduction and Neutral Current ...IJECEIAES
This document presents a neural network (NN) based p-q-r control strategy for a distributed static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) in a three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution system. The DSTATCOM integrates a three-phase four-leg voltage source converter with a DC capacitor. The control strategy uses two artificial neural network controllers - one to calculate reference signals for the three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter, and another to produce reference signals for the single-phase active power filter to mitigate neutral current under unbalanced conditions. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink validate the effectiveness of the NN based control algorithm in reducing total harmonic distortion, compensating reactive power
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract—A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
Index Terms—Discontinuous pulse-width modulation, nine switch converter, power conditioner, power quality.
Shunt active power filters based on diode clamped multilevel inverter and hys...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a shunt active power filter system based on an 11-step diode clamped multilevel inverter and hysteresis band current controller. The system aims to compensate for harmonics in non-linear loads and improve power quality. A two inverter shunt active power filter configuration is proposed to reduce total harmonic distortion and device ratings. Instantaneous reactive power theory is used to generate reference currents, which the hysteresis controller then uses to generate switching signals for the multilevel inverter. Simulation results show the system can achieve 1.8% THD, 0.99 power factor, and compensate 10MW of active and 0.3MVAR of reactive power.
Adaptive Modified Minimally Switched Hysteresis Controlled Shunt Active Power...idescitation
The main focus of this article is to investigate the
effects of Adaptive control on the switching frequency and
Total Harmonic Distortion of a modified, minimally switched
hysteresis controlled shunt active power filter. Reference
current generation was done using Instantaneous real and
reactive power algorithm. Pulses to the minimally switched
grid interactive inverter in which only two switches are
controlled at a time, had been generated using a modified
hysteresis current controller. Use of Modified Hysteresis
controller results in reducing the switching loses to one-third
but results in increase in current THD than the conventional
hysteresis controller. To overcome this, pulses to the modified
hysteresis controller were generated employing adaptive
control by modifying pulses from a conventional hysteresis
controller. Using adaptive control instantaneous switching
frequency was reduced and maintained nearly constant and
THD was brought to the limits specified by the standards,
thus overcoming the disadvantage of conventional and modified
hysteresis controller which has variable switching frequency.
A comparison of Modified Hysteresis controller with and
without Adaptive control has been made, to show the reduction
in THD. The system was simulated using MATLAB-
SIMULINK.
Hysteresis Current Control Based Shunt Active Power Filter for Six Pulse Ac/D...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research paper on a hysteresis current control based shunt active power filter for a six pulse AC/DC converter. It describes using p-q theory and a PI controller to calculate reference currents for the shunt active power filter to compensate harmonic currents drawn by a three phase six pulse AC/DC converter. Simulation results show the filter is effective at reducing total harmonic distortion at the source from over 23% to under 2.4% transiently and 1.1% steadily, meeting IEEE standards. The shunt active power filter configuration, hysteresis current control approach, and simulation results validating the compensation of harmonics are summarized.
Dynamic Power Factor Correction in a Non Linear Environmentiosrjce
Electric power quality mainly refers to maintaining a near sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage
at rated magnitude and frequency. In modern electric power supply distribution systems, there is a sharp rise in
use of both single phase and three-phase non-linear loads and due to these non-linear loads, non-sinusoidal
unbalanced current is drawn from ac mains resulting in harmonic injection, burden of reactive power, more
neutral currents and unbalanced loading of ac mains. In this paper the simulation of ideal shunt active power
filter is carried out to eliminate harmonics and also improving the power factor for three-phase, three-wire
system. In addition to this, simulation of shunt APF for three-phase, three-wire distribution system using time
domain p-q theory has been carried out to eliminate harmonics. Also an attempt is made to find out various
power quality problems and among these problems most prominent and frequently occurring problem
harmonics is analyzed and its causes, effects and mitigating or improving techniques are explained in detail. A
case study using ideal shunt AF and Shunt AF using p-q theory is also carried out in this paper.
Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based Active Power Filters: A Survey of ControlsIOSR Journals
This document summarizes several control strategies for cascaded multilevel inverter based active power filters, including:
1. P-q theory with PI controller, which calculates real and reactive power to generate reference currents but has errors when voltages are distorted.
2. Average power method with carrier phase shifted PWM, which gives accurate results even with distorted voltages by using a PLL and calculating average power.
3. Instantaneous real-power theory with triangular-sampling current modulator, which generates reference currents to compensate for harmonics and reactive power in real-time using simple calculations. It maintains the DC bus voltage and works for generic power systems.
Comparison of PI and ANN Control Techniques for Nine Switches UPQC to Improve...MABUSUBANI SHAIK
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review on the UPQC to reinforce power quality. Typically this can be often speculated to gift a broad outline on the varied possible intelligent controls used with UPQC. The most purpose of a UPQC is to control on voltage flicker/unbalance, reactive power and harmonics. In different words, the UPQC has the potential of up power quality at the purpose of installation on power industrial power systems. The appliance of computing is growing quick within the
space of power electronics and drives. From olden days to now days we are using twelve switches used in back to back configuration. But now we are using nine switches instead of 12 switches. In 9 switch UPQC converters given the most useful benefits compared to 12 switches power converter. The nine switches UPQC converter gets the best results by using of two methods. They are one is PI controller technique and other one is ANN controller technique. By contrast PI and ANN, ANN is better than PI for power quality enhancement and voltage sag and voltage swell mitigations. The factitious neural network
(ANN) is taken into account as a replacement tool to style management electronic equipment for power-quality (PQ) devices. A whole simulation study is administrated to analysis the performance of the ANN controller and compares its performance with the quality PI controller results. The nine-switch convertor has already been proved to possess sure benefits, additionally to its part saving topological feature. Despite these benefits, the nine-switch convertor has thus far found restricted applications because of its several perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring associate degree outsized dc-link capacitance, restricted amplitude sharing, and unnatural part shift between its 2 sets of output terminals. Rather than acceptive these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is projected here that nearly ―converts‖ most of those topological short comings into
fascinating performance benefits. Aiming more to cut back its switch losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell associate degree acceptable discontinuous modulation theme is projected and studied here thoroughly to doubly make sure that top reduction of commutations is achieved. With associate degree suitably designed management theme with PI and ANN with physical
phenomenon controller then incorporated, the nine-switch convertor is shown to favorably raise the general power quality in Simulation, thus justifying its role as an influence conditioner at a reduced value.
Keywords: ANN, Active Power Filters, PI Controller, Nine Switch Converter, Power Quality, UPQC.
Comparative Evaluation of Generalized Multicell Impedance Source Inverter for...IJPEDS-IAES
Voltage-Source Inverter is limited by its only voltage step-down operation. In adding with extra boosting the flexibility is kept active for the number of semiconductors which is unchanged, voltage-type Z-source inverter was earlier proposed. This new class of inverter is generally less sensitive to electromagnetic noises. However, their boosting capabilities are anyhow less with high component stresses and poorer spectral performances caused by low modulation index ratios. Their boosting gains are, therefore, restricted in practice. To overcome these we use the generalized switched-inductor Z- source inverter is proposed, By comparing with PWM technique and SPWM technique, whose extra boosting abilities and other advantages have been verified in simulation analysis and experiment.
The document describes the design of a shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to reduce harmonics on the AC side due to non-linear loads. A SHAPF consists of both an active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel. The active filter uses an instantaneous reactive power theory-based control strategy to calculate compensating currents, while the passive filter includes a tuned RLC circuit to filter specific harmonics. Simulation results using MATLAB Simulink show the SHAPF reduces the total harmonic distortion of the source current from 30.35% to 3.25%, outperforming passive and active filters alone. The control strategy effectively reduces harmonics through feedback compensation provided by the hybrid filter configuration.
Mitigation Unbalance Nonlinear Loads and Dissimilar Line Currents Using Shunt...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document presents a new control method for a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to compensate for unbalanced nonlinear loads and dissimilar line currents. The proposed control method uses both dq-theory and instantaneous p-q power theory to calculate reference currents. Fuzzy logic control is also used to optimize the SAPF performance. Simulation results show the controller is effective at mitigating harmonic distortion, compensating load asymmetry, and eliminating negative and zero sequence currents. The total harmonic distortion of the line currents is reduced from 29.8% to 4.1% with this control approach.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses using waste plastic as a modifier for asphalt and cement concrete pavements. It summarizes previous research coating aggregates with plastic waste and blending plastic into asphalt at different ratios. The author aims to evaluate properties of coated aggregates and polymer-modified asphalt, including Marshall stability and compressive strength. Test results showed increases in stability and strength compared to unmodified materials, indicating plastic waste has potential as a pavement modifier. This could provide an eco-friendly use of plastic waste.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document summarizes two methods to detect abnormalities inside a buried marble block using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The first method directly detected a block buried 0.2m deep using GPR. Hyperbolas in the radargram indicated the block position and internal cracks. The second method used GPR simulation software to model signals from a block buried at 0.5m, validating GPR can distinguish usable blocks from those with fractures or debris. Both methods show GPR and simulations can effectively locate marble blocks and internal cracks for quarry exploitation.
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IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a research paper that designed a low-cost and efficient strip line band pass filter for Bluetooth applications. The paper presents the design of a band pass filter with a center frequency of 2.4GHz and bandwidth of 150MHz. The filter was designed using simulation software and tested on a spectrum analyzer. Strip line band pass filters can reduce size while providing good pass band gain and stop band attenuation characteristics. The designed filter meets the bandwidth needs for Bluetooth transmission and can be integrated into Bluetooth transceiver systems.
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IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
El documento presenta el plan de gestión de uso de las TIC de la Institución Educativa Suan de la Trinidad. El plan busca desarrollar competencias en el uso de las TIC en la comunidad educativa para lograr una educación pertinente. Se realizó un diagnóstico que identificó fortalezas como docentes capacitados y salas de informática, pero también debilidades como falta de capacitación en directivos y recursos financieros insuficientes. El plan propone propósitos y metas para mejorar el uso de las TIC en la gestión directiva
Para crear un blog, primero se debe crear una cuenta en Blogger u otro servicio de blogs. Luego, se inicia la creación del blog seleccionando un diseño y plantilla. Finalmente, se personaliza el blog rellenando los datos solicitados y modificando elementos como la plantilla y diseño HTML si se desea.
Para crear un blog, primero se debe crear una cuenta en Blogger u otro servicio de blogs. Luego, al acceder a la cuenta, se debe hacer clic en "crear blog" para completar los detalles del blog y seleccionar una plantilla. Una vez creado el blog, se puede personalizar el diseño mediante la selección de una nueva plantilla o la descarga e inserción de una plantilla externa.
El documento aconseja enamorarse de alguien que te ame incondicionalmente, que sea fiel y te brinde apoyo. También recomienda enamorarse de alguien que esté enamorado de ti en lugar de enamorarte del amor en sí mismo. Finalmente, incluye una frase sobre cómo poco tiempo se necesita para fijarse en alguien pero toda una vida para olvidar a esa persona.
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Este documento presenta nueve tipos de personalidad representados por diferentes formas geométricas. Sugiere elegir una forma y luego recibirá una descripción de su personalidad. También invita a compartir el número de la forma elegida con conocidos para conocer mejor sus personalidades.
The document describes the use of active power filters to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics and reactive power required by nonlinear loads. It discusses shunt active power filters, which compensate for harmonic currents, and series active power filters, which compensate for voltage harmonics. The key points are:
1) Shunt active power filters inject harmonic currents to cancel out load current harmonics and maintain the DC link voltage. Series active power filters inject a compensating voltage to cancel out supply voltage harmonics.
2) Reference compensation currents/voltages are estimated using techniques like Fast Fourier Transform and p-q theory.
3) Unified Power Quality Conditioners (UPQC) consist of back-to-
This document presents a simulation study of a hysteresis current controlled series active power filter to improve power quality by compensating for harmonics and reactive power from a non-linear load. The series active filter uses a simple method to calculate the reference compensation voltage based on p-q theory. Simulation results show the active filter maintains total harmonic distortion well within IEEE standards, effectively mitigating harmonic distortion, compensating reactive power, and improving the power factor.
Application Of Shuntactive Power Filter Paper Presentationguestac67362
The document describes a shunt active power filter combined with a small series reactor that can compensate multiple non-linear loads on a three-phase power system. The loads consist of both harmonic current sources and harmonic voltage sources, along with significant unbalanced components. The shunt active power filter directly controls the grid current to be sinusoidal and in phase with the grid voltage. Simulation results show the filter is able to handle predominantly harmonic voltage sources as well as unbalanced loads, resulting in sinusoidal, symmetrical grid currents.
Power system harmonics are a menace to electric power system with disastrous consequence. Due to the presence of non linear load, power quality of the system gets affected. To overcome this, shunt active power filter have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block current harmonics. The shunt active power filter is designed to minimize harmonics in source current and reactive power in the non linear power supplies which are creating harmonics. In this paper, Instantaneous power of p-q theory is employed to generate the reference currents and PI controller is used to control the dc link voltage. In addition to this, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique is used to minimize the harmonics produced by nonlinear load. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and compare THD of the source current with PI controller and by artificial neural network based back propagation algorithm. The proposed system is designed with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
report of Improvement of the Electric Power Quality Using Series Active and S...Vikram Rawani
The increase of nonlinear loads due to the proliferation of electronic equipment causes power quality in the power system to deteriorate. Harmonic current drawn from a supply by the nonlinear load results in the distortion of the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) due to the source impedance. Both distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of the equipment connected at the PCC.
Reactive Power Compensation in 132kv & 33kv Grid of Narsinghpur Areaijceronline
Power Sector is considered to be very important and priority sector as it leads to overall development of country. The cost of installation of new generating units is rising; hence generated electrical energy has to be utilized carefully and efficiently, which changes through each AC cycle. It is proposed to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur, to assess its adequacy and saving in transmission losses. An optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system shall be worked out. Load Flow Study for the effect of group shunt compensation provided on 132KV bus of 220KV sub-station Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132KV sub stations Srinagar, Narsinghpur, Gadarwara and Burman sub-stations for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from partial grid network in Narsinghpur district. If reactive power is supplied near the load, the line current can be reduced or minimized, reducing power losses and improving voltage regulation at the load terminals. The leading current drawn by the shunt capacitors compensates the lagging current drawn by the load. The selection of shunt capacitors depends on many factors, the most important of which is the amount of lagging reactive power taken by the load. Objective was to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur and to assess the adequacy and saving in transmission losses & to work out an optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system. Depending on the stages of 'ON' and 'OFF', operations to be carried out in various permutations and combinations of shunt compensators i.e. switchable capacitor banks provided on 132 KV bus of 220KV substation Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132 KV substations
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Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power FilterIJERA Editor
This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics.
Implementation of Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Current Harmonic Re...IOSR Journals
This document discusses implementing the instantaneous reactive power theory (IRP theory) for current harmonic reduction and reactive power compensation in a three phase four wire power system. The IRP theory defines instantaneous power components in the α-β-0 coordinate system. It can calculate the reference compensating currents required by a shunt active power filter to inject into the network. Simulations show the power filter can reduce current harmonics and reactive power, improving the power factor by making the source current sinusoidal and in phase with the voltage. The IRP theory provides a flexible way to select the undesirable power components for compensation to minimize pollution from nonlinear loads.
This document discusses the implementation of instantaneous reactive power theory (IRP theory) for current harmonic reduction and reactive power compensation in three phase four wire power systems. IRP theory is used to calculate reference compensating currents that are injected by a shunt active power filter (SAPF) to compensate for non-linear and reactive loads. Clarke's transformation is used to convert voltages and currents to the α-β-0 reference frame for IRP calculations. Hysteresis current control with a constant switching frequency is used to generate PWM signals to control the SAPF inverter. Simulations show the SAPF reducing current harmonics and reactive power, improving the power factor by making the source current sinusoidal and in phase with
Power quality improvement by series active power filter- a reviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using a series active power filter to improve power quality by compensating for voltage distortions. It discusses how power quality issues have increased due to more nonlinear loads. A series active power filter works by injecting a compensating voltage in series with the supply voltage to regulate the voltage and reduce harmonics. The document reviews the configuration of a series active power filter system and its control scheme, which uses a phase-locked loop and reference voltage generation to produce compensating voltages based on supply voltage measurements. It aims to demonstrate how a series active power filter can effectively improve voltage quality for customers by compensating for issues like sags, swells, and harmonics from nonlinear loads.
HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR EFFECTIVE COMPENSATION WITH CONTROL SCHEMEBlossoms Anjali
This document summarizes a research paper on a hybrid active power filter with a control scheme to compensate industrial power supplies. The hybrid active power filter combines a passive filter with an active power filter to compensate for non-linear loads. It can improve power factor and eliminate lower harmonic currents simultaneously. The control scheme uses a microcontroller to calculate the compensating current needed from the active filter based on measurements of the load and line currents. Experimental results showed the hybrid active power filter provided better compensation of harmonics compared to just a passive filter. It allowed the input current, voltage, and compensated output current to be closer to sinusoidal waveforms.
A New Topology for Power Quality Improvement using 3-Phase 4-Wire UPQC with R...IJMTST Journal
This document discusses a new topology for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) with a reduced DC-link voltage rating. The UPQC uses a series inverter to perform simultaneous voltage sag/swell compensation and load reactive power sharing with a shunt inverter. The control approach integrates active power control for sag/swell compensation with power angle control to coordinate reactive power between the inverters. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK support the new UPQC concept. Finally, the proposed UPQC topology is validated through simulation.
The Shunt Active Power Filter to Compensate Reactive Power and Harmonics with...ijtsrd
In this paper is to study the denomination Power quality and large refers to maintaining a proximal sinusoidal power distribution bus voltage at rated magnitude and frequency. This is mainly affected by the generation of harmonics. Even though electronic and non-linear devices are flexible, economical and energy efficient, they may degrade power quality by creating harmonic currents and consuming excessive reactive power. This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter with proposed optimized PI. The proposed topic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is from hysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Its source current, compensating current and THD values are studied, then PI control strategy is applied then the differences in THD are compared. The PI feedback compensation design starts with the small signal system' transfer function. Then an optimum constant of PI for a Shunt-APF is proposed and implemented to enhance its response to compensation of harmonics of linear and non-linear loads. The obtained results have demonstrated the ability to compensate the current harmonics effectively under distorted source conditions. The fluctuation in the dc bus voltage of the filter depends on the compensation speed of the outer loop that regulates the dc bus voltage. The proposed shunt active filter model uses balanced linear and non-linear load works successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensate current harmonics. The model is made in MATLAB SIMULINK and successfully reduces the harmonic in the source current. Mr. Amit Kumar Rajan | Dr. E Vijay Kumar"The Shunt Active Power Filter to Compensate Reactive Power and Harmonics with optimized PI controller in a 3 Phase 3 Wire Distribution System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18196.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/18196/the-shunt-active-power-filter-to-compensate-reactive-power-and-harmonics-with-optimized-pi-controller-in-a-3-phase-3-wire-distribution-system/mr-amit-kumar-rajan
Shunt active power filters based on diode clamped multilevel inverter and hys...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper on a shunt active power filter system based on an 11-step diode clamped multilevel inverter and hysteresis band current control. The system aims to compensate for harmonics in current drawn by non-linear loads and improve the source power factor. It uses instantaneous reactive power theory to generate reference currents and the hysteresis controller provides switching signals for the multilevel inverter. Simulation results showed the system achieved 1.8% total harmonic distortion, 0.99 power factor, compensating 10MW of active power and 0.3MVAR of reactive power.
Decomposition of current through active power filter for compensating harmoni...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is a shunt compensating device which is used
to improve current profile by exchanging of reactive power with unbalanced and nonlinear load. DSTATCOM is a
shunt compensating device used for power quality improvement in distribution systems. Relevant solutions are
applied for harmonics, fluctuation of voltage, voltage deviation, unbalance of three phase voltage and current and
frequency deviation. Different controlling schemes such as Phase Control Method (PCM), Fryze Power Theory
(FPT), Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRFT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT) are used
for reactive power compensation with the help of Voltage source Inverter (VSI). In this project we are going to
balance the source current using different control schemes. The results of different source currents are compared
with a different control schemes in terms of active and reactive power and in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD) for nonlinear load using Fryze Power Theory (FPT) and Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT).
Reference currents are generated by the different control schemes have been dynamically traced in a hysteresis
current controller. The performance of DSTATCOM for different control schemes is validated for load balancing
and harmonic elimination by using simulation models in MATLAB/SIMULINK
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Reactive power is necessary to support voltage in AC electrical systems but does no useful work. It is caused by devices with inductive or capacitive properties and can lead to higher electricity costs if not properly managed. Insufficient reactive power can also cause blackouts by leading to voltage collapses. While residential customers are typically not charged for reactive power directly, correcting poor power factor through devices can lower electricity bills by reducing losses from unnecessary current on distribution systems. Proper reactive power management is important for reliability of electricity grids.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Power system harmonic reduction using shunt active filter
Fx2410731080
1. Vikash Anand , Dr.S.K.Srivastava / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1073-1080
Simulation And Performance Investigation Of Series Active
Power Filter Using Hysteresis Current Control Method
1. Vikash Anand
M.Tech. (Power Electronics and Drives)-Electrical Engineering Department,
Madan Mohan Malviya Engineering College
Gorakhpur-273010(U.P), India.
2. Dr.S.K.Srivastava
Associate Professor-Electrical Engineering Department
Madan Mohan Malviya Engineering College
Gorakhpur-273010(U.P), India.
ABSTRACT
The simulation study of Hysteresis Current However, the passive filters have the demerits of
Controlled, three phase series active power filter to fixed compensation, bulkiness and occurrence of
improve power quality by compensating harmonics resonance with other elements. The recent advances
and reactive power required by a non-linear load is in power semiconductor devices have resulted in the
presented. The series active filter employs a simple development of Active Power Filters (APF) for
method for the reference compensation voltage harmonic suppression. Various topologies of active
based on p-q theory. Classic filters may not have filters have been proposed for harmonic mitigation.
satisfactory performance in fast varying conditions. There are two major approaches that have emerged
But auto tuned active power filters give better result for the harmonic detection [1], namely, time domain
for harmonic minimization, reactive power and the frequency domain methods. The frequency
compensation and power factor improvement. This domain methods include, Discrete Fourier
paper has proposed an auto tuned series active filter Transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT),
maintains the THD well within the IEEE-519 and Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform (RDFT)
standards. The results are found to be quite based methods. The frequency domain methods
satisfactory to mitigate harmonic distortion, reactive require large memory, computation power and the
power compensation and power factor results provided during the transient condition may
improvement. be imprecise [13].
. There are several current control strategies proposed
KEYWORDS in the literature [7]-[2], [12]-[3], namely, PI control,
Power System, Series Active Power Filter, Average Current Mode Control (ACMC), Sliding
Hysteresis Current Pulse Width Modulation. Mode Control (SMC) and hysteresis control. Among
the various current control techniques, hysteresis
1.INTRODUCTION control is the most popular one for active power
Harmonics contamination is a serious and a filter applications. Hysteresis current control is a
harmful problem in Electric Power System. Active method of controlling a voltage source inverter so
Power filtering constitutes one of the most effective that the output current is generated which follows a
proposed solutions. A series active power filter that reference current waveform in this paper[10].
achieves low voltage total harmonic distortion In this paper, the proposed control algorithm for
(THD), reactive power compensation and power series active power filters is applicable to harmonic
factor correction is presented. Hence, it is necessary voltage source loads as well as to harmonic current
to reduce the dominant harmonics below 5% as source loads. This control algorithm is applied under
specified in IEEE-519-1992 harmonic standard [9]. the basic concept of the generalized p–q theory.
Harmonic Amplification is one the most serious However, this generalized p–q theory is valid for
problem. It is caused by harmonic resonance compensating for the harmonics and reactive power
between line inductance and power factor correction using the parallel active power filter in the three-
(PFC) capacitors installed by consumers. Active phase power system. To overcome such limits, a
filters for damping out harmonic resonance in revised p–q theory is proposed. This revised
industrial and utility power distribution systems algorithm may be effective not only for the three-
have been researched [9]-[7]. phase three-wire series active power filter with
harmonic current voltage loads, but also for the
Traditionally based, passive L-C filters were used to combined system of parallel passive filters and
eliminate line harmonics in [1]-[13]. active filter[14].
1073 | P a g e
2. Vikash Anand , Dr.S.K.Srivastava / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1073-1080
This chapter basically deals with the modeling and
design of series active power filter for compensation
of harmonics and reactive power. Designs of different
parameters like power circuit, ontrol circuit, control
strategies, PLL circuit are discussed.
2. Series Active Power Filter
Series active power filters are operated
mainly as a voltage regulator and as a harmonic
isolator between the nonlinear load and the utility
system. The series connected filter protects the
consumer from an inadequate supply voltage quality.
This type of approach is especially recommended for
compensation of voltage unbalances and voltage sags Fig.2 Basic compensation principle
from the AC supply and for low power applications
and represents economically attractive alternatives to
UPS, since no energy storage (battery) is necessary
and the overall rating of the components is smaller.
The series active filter injects a voltage component in
series with the supply voltage and therefore can be
regarded as a controlled voltage source, compensating
voltage sags and swells on the load side[11].
Vc
_ +
sinusoidal series
shunt Non-linear
source Active
passive Load
filter to
compensate filter
voltage Fig.3 Waveforms for the supply voltage (VS),
disturbances Desired load voltage (VI) and
the Compensating voltage (filter voltage-VC
Fig.1 Filter voltage generation to compensate
voltage disturbances 2.2 Estimation Of Reference Voltage
This Section introduces the control algorithm of the
2.1 Basic Compensation Principle series active power filter, which compensates for
Fig.2 shows the basic compensation principle of harmonics and reactive power. The three-phase
series active power filter. A voltage source inverter voltages va, vb and vc and currents ia, ib and ic for the
(VSI) is used as the series active power filter. This is three-phase three-wire power distribution system is
controlled so as to draw or inject a compensating shown in Fig.4[14]-[11]-[4].
voltage Vc from or to the supply, such that it cancels The three-phase load voltages vL(a,b,c) and the three-
voltage harmonics on the load side i.e. this active phase source currents is(a,b,c) are represented as:
power filter (APF) generates the distortions opposite
to the supply harmonics[4]. vLa isa
vL(a, b, c) = vLb , is(a, b, c) = isb
Fig.3 shows the different waveforms i.e. source
voltage, desired load voltage and the compensating vLc
isc
(1)
voltage injected by the series active power filter
which contains all the harmonics, to make the load vL(a, b, c) and the source
The load voltage vector
voltage purely sinusoidal. This is the basic principle
of series active power filter to eliminate the supply current vector is(a, b, c) of (1) are transformed into
voltage harmonics. 0 co-ordinates by the substituting (3) into (2) as
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Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1073-1080
vLa qLα For a three-phase system without zero sequence
voltage and current, i.e.
vL(α, β, 0) = T vLb = qLβ ,
va + vb + vc = 0 and ia + ib + ic = 0
vLc qL0
1
vL0 = (va + vb + vc) = 0 and
3
isa isα 1
is(α, β, 0) = T isb = isβ
(2)
is0 = (ia + ib + ic) = 0 ),
3
isc is0
Equ. (4) and (5) can be expressed as follows:
p = vL(α, β, 0)is(α, β, 0) = vLαisα + vLβisβ (7)
qLα
qL(α, β, 0) = vL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0) = qLβ =
qL0
0
0 (8)
vL vL
is is
From (1)–(5), the active voltage vector vp (α, β, 0) and
Fig.4 Circuit configuration for series active power the reactive voltage vector vq (α, β, 0) are defined as
filter follows:
Where, p
vp(α, β, 0) = i(α, β, 0)
1 -1 2 -1 2 i(α, β, 0) i(α, β, 0) (9)
2
T = 0 3 2 - 3 2 q(α, β, 0) i(α, β, 0)
3 vq(α, β, 0) =
1 2 1 2 1 2 (3)
i(α, β, 0)i(α, β, 0) (10)
The active power p can be expressed as (4) by the The vp(α, β, 0) represents the parallel component of
inner product of the load voltage vector vL(α, β, 0) and the load voltage vector vL(α, β, 0) to the current vector
the source current vector is(α, β, 0) of (2), where the is(α, β, 0) ; vq(α, β, 0) represents the perpendicular
active power p is the instantaneous active power at component of the load voltage vector vL(α, β, 0) to the
the load side of the CT in Fig. 4. current vector is(α, β, 0) . As a result, the load voltage
vector is represented by the sum of the active
p = vL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0) = vLα isα + vLβ isβ + vL0 is0 voltage vector vp(α, β, 0) and the reactive voltage
(4) vector vq(α, β, 0) as follows:
Also, the reactive power qL(α, β, 0) is represented as
vL(α, β, 0) = vp(α, β, 0) + vq(α, β, 0) (11)
(5) by the cross product of vL(α, β, 0) and is(α, β, 0)
The active voltage vector vp(α, β, 0) is induced as
qL(α, β, 0) = vL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0) follows, using the projection of the load voltage
(5) vector vL(α, β, 0) onto the current vector is(α, β, 0) :
q qL( , , 0) vL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0) vL(α, β, 0)is(α, β, 0)
(6) vp(α, β, 0) = projivL(α, β, 0) = 2
is(α, β, 0) (12)
is(α, β, 0)
Where, q is the instantaneous reactive power at the
load side of the CT in Fig.4.
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Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1073-1080
The reactive voltage vector vq(α, β, 0) , which is v* v*
Cα Ca
-1 * *
perpendicular to the active voltage vector vp(α, β, 0) ,
is also induced through (13)–(16): v*
C(a,b,c) = T vCβ = v Cb (17)
* v*
qL(α, β, 0) = vL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0) vC0 Cc
(13)
is(α, β, 0) qL(α, β, 0) = is(α, β, 0) (vL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0)) 2.3 Hysteresis Current Controller
With the hysteresis control, limit bands are
is(α, β, 0) qL(α, β, 0) p
vL(α, β, 0) = 2 2 is(α, β, 0) (14) set on either side of a signal representing the desired
is(α,β,0) is(α,β,0) output waveform. The inverter switches are operated
as the generated signals within limits. Hysteresis-
The second term of the right-hand side of (15) is the band PWM is basically an instantaneous feedback
active voltage vector vp(α, β, 0) and the first term of control method of PWM where the actual signal
continually tracks the command signal within a
the right-hand side of (14) becomes the reactive
hysteresis band [5].
voltage vector vq(α, β, 0) :
is(α, β, 0) qL(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0) qL(α, β, 0)
vq(α, β, 0) = 2 (15)
is(α,β,0) is(α, β, 0)is(α, β, 0)
Where qL(α, β, 0) is equal to the reactive power,
which is defined in the instantaneous reactive power
theory. The voltage compensation reference of the
series active power filter can be represented as (16),
using vp(α, β, 0) and vq(α, β, 0) in (9) and (10):
~
is(α, β, 0) qL(α, β, 0)
v C(α,β,0) is(α, β, 0) + Fig.5 Basic principle of hysteresis band control
is(α, β, 0)is(α, β, 0) is(α, β, 0)is(α, β, 0) (16) The rate of change of inductor current is then given
by
The active power and the reactive power can be
divided into DC components and , which (18)
are generated from the fundamental components of Making assumption that the ac supply does not
the load voltages and the source currents, and AC change during a cycle of switch operations, the time
components and , which are generated from taken t taken to cross a dead band is
m
the negative sequence components and the harmonic
components of the load voltages and the source
currents. If the reactive power q is replaced by the
(19)
AC component of reactive power , a new voltage The switching frequency f is, therefore variable.
compensation reference compensates for the AC sw
Combining above two equations (18) and (19) to
component of the active power and the obtain the switching period, and inverting, gives
reactive power .
The compensation voltage reference in
αβ0 co-ordinates is obtained from (16) and the
final compensation voltage reference by
transforming this compensation voltage reference in
αβ0 co-ordinates into the compensation voltage
reference of three-phase co-ordinates.
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Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1073-1080
3. Simulation and Performance Investigation of Series APF
In this section the simulation analysis of series APF is described for R-L load and the FFT analysis has
been carried out simultaneously.
3.1 Operation of Simulation Model
The operation of the simulation model shown below is described as – first the reference voltages are
generated and then these reference voltages are compared with the actual load voltages and the error signal is
given to the hysteresis controller to generate the firing pulses for the switches of the inverter. The switches are
turned on and off in such a way that if the reference voltage is more than the actual load voltage then the lower
switch is turned on and the upper switch is turned off and if the reference voltage is less than the actual load
voltage then the upper switch of the same leg is turned on and the lower switch is turned off. The output of the
series active power filter is fed to the main lines through series transformers so as to make the load voltage
purely sinusoidal the harmonic voltage is absorbed or injected by the filter [6].
Fig.6 MATLAB model for Series active power filter
3.2 Simulation Result
Fig.7 Source voltage containing harmonics
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Fig.8 Load voltage before and after compensation
Fig.9 Load current
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Fig.10 FFT Analysis for source voltage
Fig.11 FFT Analysis for load voltage
Load type THD (%) source voltage THD (%) load voltage
R-L load 15 0.97
Table 1 THD analysis of series active power filter for R-L load
The table 1 shows the THD analysis for the source voltage and the load voltage. It is clear from the table that the
performance of the system improves and the THD is reduced from 15 % to 0.97 %. The values of different
parameters used for this model have been given in appendix.
4. Conclusion
A MATLAB based model of the series active power filter has been simulated for RL load using the hysteresis
control technique. The simulation results show that the input voltage harmonics are compensated very
effectively by using the series active power filter.
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8. Vikash Anand , Dr.S.K.Srivastava / International Journal of Engineering Research and
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Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1073-1080
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Appendix
The values of the different parameters used for series active power filter
Source voltage: 3-phase, 100V, 50Hz.
Harmonics in the supply voltage: 5th, 0.2pu and 7th, 0.15pu.
Series transformer rating: 1KVA, 50Hz, 240/240V
RL load parameters : 10 Ω, 100mH
Line parameters : 0.2 Ω, 1.5mH
Line parameters : 0.2 Ω, 1.5mH
RC filter parameters : 16 Ω, 199.04μF
Hysteresis band gap : -0.01 to 0.01
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