Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is considered the father of scientific management. Taylor broke jobs down into their smallest components and designed the most efficient methods for completing each task. He introduced concepts like time studies, differential pay, and close supervision of workers. His ideas influenced many other management thinkers and were widely adopted by industries in the early 20th century. However, some critics argue that his methods overly focused on efficiency at the cost of worker satisfaction and empowerment.

1. F W Taylor
Presented by
MAHESH KUMAR
MBA, MPOB, ASIET
Prof. Nimal C Namboodiripad

2. Biography
• Frederick Winslow Taylor was born on March 20, 1856
in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• His father, Franklin Taylor, a Princeton-educated lawyer, built
his wealth on mortgages.
• Taylor's mother was Emily Annette Winslow, an
ardent abolitionist
• His mother's ancestor, Edward Winslow, one of the original
Mayflower Pilgrims served for many years as the Governor of
the Plymouth colony.
• On May 3, 1884, Taylor married Louise M. Spooner of
Philadelphia.
• He died on March 21, 1915

3. Education
• Educated early by his mother, Taylor studied for two years in
France and Germany and travelled Europe for 18 months.
• In 1872, he entered Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New
Hampshire planning to eventually go to Harvard and becoming
a lawyer like his father
• In 1874, Taylor passed the Harvard entrance examinations with
honors. However, due allegedly to rapidly deteriorating eyesight
he chose quite a different path.
• Taylor became a student of Stevens Institute of Technology,
studying via correspondence ,obtaining a degree in mechanical
engineering in 1883.
• On October 19, 1906, Taylor was awarded an honorary degree
of Doctor of Science by the University of Pennsylvania.

4. Career
• While doing his degree he became an apprentice patternmaker
and machinist, at Enterprise Hydraulic Works in Philadelphia (a
pump-manufacturing company ).
• Taylor finished his four-year apprenticeship and in 1878 became
a machine-shop laborer at Midvale Steel Works.
• In between for six months he represented a group of New
England machine-tool manufacturers at Philadelphia's centennial
exposition.
• At Midvale, he was quickly promoted to time clerk, journeyman
machinist, gang boss over the lathe hands, machine
shop foreman, research director, and finally chief engineer of the
works (while maintaining his position as machine shop foreman).
• Taylor eventually became a professor at the Tuck School of
Business at Dartmouth College.

5. Career
• From 1890 until 1893 Taylor worked as a general manager and
a consulting engineer to management for the Manufacturing
Investment Company of Philadelphia, a company that
operated large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin.
• In 1893, Taylor opened an independent consulting practice in
Philadelphia. He described himself as "Consulting Engineer -
Systematizing Shop Management and Manufacturing Costs a
Specialty". Through his consulting experiences, Taylor
perfected his management system.
• In 1898 he joined Bethlehem Steel in order to solve an
expensive machine-shop capacity problem. He left Bethlehem
Steel in 1901 after discord with other managers.

6. Contributions
• After leaving Bethlehem Steel, Taylor focused the rest of his
career on publicly promoting his management and machining
methods through lecturing, writing, and consulting.
• In fact we can safely say that he was one of the first
management consultants and his ideas were highly influential
in the Progressive Era (1890s-1920s).
• Taylor sought to improve industrial efficiency and is
considered the Father of Scientific Management.
• First man in recorded history who deemed work deserving of
systematic observation and study
• In 1910, owing to the Eastern Rate Case, Taylor and his
Scientific Management methodologies become famous
worldwide.

7. Contributions
• Future US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis coined the
term scientific management in the course of his argument for
the Eastern Rate Case before the Interstate Commerce
Commission in 1910. Brandeis argued that railroads, when
governed according to Taylor's principles, did not need to raise
rates to increase wages.
• Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his 1911
book The Principles of Scientific Management.
• His pioneering work in applying engineering principles to work
done on the factory floor was instrumental in creating and
developing the branch of science known as industrial
engineering.

8. Scientific Management
• Taylor based his Scientific Management philosophy on 4
principles:
– Apply scientific management principles replacing rule-of-
thumb to get best method of work
– Scientific selection of workers to find the best fit
– Scientific education and development of worker –
detailed instruction & supervision of each worker
– Intimate, friendly relations between management and
labour.

9. Scientific Management
• Using time study as his base he broke each job into
component parts and designed quickest and best methods
of performance
• He is most remembered for developing the stopwatch
time study, which combined with Frank Gilbreth's motion
study methods, later became the field of time and motion
study. He broke a job into its component parts and
measured each to the hundredth of a minute.
• Pay more to more productive workers to motivate them-
differential rate system

10. People influenced by Taylor
• H. L. Gantt developed the Gantt chart, a visual aid for
scheduling tasks and displaying flow of work.
• Harrington Emerson introduced his theories to
the railroad industry, and proposed dichotomy
of staff versus line employees, with the former advising
the latter.
• Morris Cooke adapted scientific management to
educational and municipal organizations.
• Hugo Münsterberg created industrial psychology.
• Harlow S. Person, dean of Dartmouth's Amos Tuck School
of Administration and Finance, promoted his teachings.

11. People influenced by Taylor
• James O. McKinsey, professor of accounting at University
of Chicago and founder of the McKinsey consulting group,
advocated budgets as a means of assuring accountability
and measuring performance.
• In France, Le Chatelier translated Taylor's work and
introduced scientific management in government owned
plants during World War I.
• Taylor influenced the French theorist Henri Fayol, whose
1916 Administration Industrielle et Générale emphasized
organizational structure in management.
• In USSR, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin incorporated his
ideas into manufacturing.

12. Drawbacks of system
• According to Mintzberg focus on efficiency allows
measureable benefits to overshadow less quantifiable
social benefits completely and social values are ignored.
• Transferring control over production from workers to
management and the division of labor into simple tasks,
intensified the alienation of workers that had begun with
the factory system of production around 1870–1890
• People feared that the jobs would be exhausted and
managers exploited workers
• His workers earned substantially more than those under
conventional management and this earned him enemies
among the owners of those factories.

13. Extra Curricular Activities
• Taylor was an athlete who competed nationally in tennis and
golf.
• He and Clarence Clark won the inaugural United States
National tennis doubles championship at Newport Casino in
1881
• In the 1900 Summer Olympics, Taylor finished fourth in golf.

14. Published works
Books
• 1903, 1911. Shop management, by Frederick Winslow Taylor
... New York, London, Harper & Brothers.
• 1911. The Principles of Scientific Management. New York and
London, Harper & brothers.
• 1911. A treatise on concrete, plain and reinforced: materials,
construction, and design of concrete and reinforced concrete.
New York, J. Wiley & Sons.
• 1912. Concrete costs. New York, J. Wiley & Sons.

15. Published Works
Articles, a selection:
• 1893. "Notes on Belting," Transactions of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. XV.
• 1895. "A Piece-rate System" in: The adjustment of wages to
efficiency; three papers ....
• 1903. "Shop management," Transactions of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers 24: 1337-480
• 1906. "On the Art of Cutting Metals," Transactions of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. XXVIII.
Totally he authored 42 patents

16. Taylors Activism
• Taylor was president of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) from 1906 to 1907.
• The Taylor Society was founded in 1912 by Taylor's allies to
promote his values and influence.
• In 1936 the Society merged with the Society of Industrial
Engineers, forming the Society for Advancement of
Management, which still exists today.

17. Thank you
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor