Fuzzy c-means clustering using Random Sampling with Iterative Optimization using Apache Spark and comparision among rseFCM , RSIO-FCM and LFCM..and data analytics using R.
This document proposes using a deep belief network (DBN) to learn depth perception from optical flow information. It describes:
1) Using motion parallax and optical flow cues to perceive depth in humans and insects.
2) Generating labeled training data from 3D graphics scenes to teach the DBN the mapping from motion to depth.
3) The DBN architecture, which takes motion energy maps as input and uses multiple hidden layers and backpropagation to predict depth maps.
4) Test results showing the DBN achieves a higher R^2 score for depth prediction than other models like linear regression.
Deformable Part Models are Convolutional Neural NetworksWei Yang
Girshick, Ross, et al. "Deformable part models are convolutional neural networks." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2015.
This document discusses data compression techniques including lossless compression methods like run-length encoding and statistical compression, as well as lossy compression methods like JPEG and MPEG. It also covers recent developments in data compression technology and the use of neural networks for image compression.
This document provides an overview of deep learning techniques for image analysis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It discusses how CNNs use convolutional filters to extract hierarchical features from images and how techniques like pooling, dropout and residual connections improve CNN performance. Practical examples are given on using CNNs for tasks like object recognition, object detection and semantic segmentation on datasets like MNIST and pretrained models like ResNet-18.
This document discusses double patterning lithography techniques. It introduces how optical lithography is approaching its limits and double patterning is needed for smaller feature sizes. It describes the double patterning process and challenges including feature distortion and decreased yield. The document outlines techniques for polygon cutting, priority search trees, and decomposing conflict graphs into tri-connected components to solve the layout splitting problem. Experimental results on test cases including a 320k polygon design show the method achieves 3-10x speedup.
Double patterning lithography is a technique used to overcome the limitations of optical lithography. It works by splitting the mask pattern into two separate exposures to reduce feature density. The document describes the key techniques used in their software to solve the layout splitting problem, including a novel polygon cutting algorithm, dynamic priority search trees, and representing the problem as a tri-connected graph to decompose it into independent subproblems. Experimental results showed their method achieved a 3-10x speedup over other approaches.
Double patterning lithography is a technique used to print integrated circuit designs when feature sizes shrink below the resolution limits of a single exposure. It involves splitting the circuit layout into two masks and exposing the photo-resist layer twice to print the full design. Decomposing the circuit layout and assigning patterns to the two masks is an NP-hard graph coloring problem. The document describes techniques for decomposing the conflict graph that represents incompatible patterns, including using SPQR trees to decompose into tri-connected components and solving each independently. Experimental results show the proposed method can achieve a 3-10x speedup over other approaches.
Multiple patterning is a class of technologies for manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), developed for photolithography to enhance the feature density. The simplest case of multiple patterning is double patterning, where a conventional lithography process is enhanced to produce double the expected number of features. The resolution of a photoresist pattern is believed to blur at around 45 nm half-pitch. For the semiconductor industry, therefore, double patterning was introduced for the 32 nm half-pitch node and below. This presentation gives us an insight of why multiple patterning is an important to give us a better resolution below 32nm.
This document proposes using a deep belief network (DBN) to learn depth perception from optical flow information. It describes:
1) Using motion parallax and optical flow cues to perceive depth in humans and insects.
2) Generating labeled training data from 3D graphics scenes to teach the DBN the mapping from motion to depth.
3) The DBN architecture, which takes motion energy maps as input and uses multiple hidden layers and backpropagation to predict depth maps.
4) Test results showing the DBN achieves a higher R^2 score for depth prediction than other models like linear regression.
Deformable Part Models are Convolutional Neural NetworksWei Yang
Girshick, Ross, et al. "Deformable part models are convolutional neural networks." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2015.
This document discusses data compression techniques including lossless compression methods like run-length encoding and statistical compression, as well as lossy compression methods like JPEG and MPEG. It also covers recent developments in data compression technology and the use of neural networks for image compression.
This document provides an overview of deep learning techniques for image analysis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). It discusses how CNNs use convolutional filters to extract hierarchical features from images and how techniques like pooling, dropout and residual connections improve CNN performance. Practical examples are given on using CNNs for tasks like object recognition, object detection and semantic segmentation on datasets like MNIST and pretrained models like ResNet-18.
This document discusses double patterning lithography techniques. It introduces how optical lithography is approaching its limits and double patterning is needed for smaller feature sizes. It describes the double patterning process and challenges including feature distortion and decreased yield. The document outlines techniques for polygon cutting, priority search trees, and decomposing conflict graphs into tri-connected components to solve the layout splitting problem. Experimental results on test cases including a 320k polygon design show the method achieves 3-10x speedup.
Double patterning lithography is a technique used to overcome the limitations of optical lithography. It works by splitting the mask pattern into two separate exposures to reduce feature density. The document describes the key techniques used in their software to solve the layout splitting problem, including a novel polygon cutting algorithm, dynamic priority search trees, and representing the problem as a tri-connected graph to decompose it into independent subproblems. Experimental results showed their method achieved a 3-10x speedup over other approaches.
Double patterning lithography is a technique used to print integrated circuit designs when feature sizes shrink below the resolution limits of a single exposure. It involves splitting the circuit layout into two masks and exposing the photo-resist layer twice to print the full design. Decomposing the circuit layout and assigning patterns to the two masks is an NP-hard graph coloring problem. The document describes techniques for decomposing the conflict graph that represents incompatible patterns, including using SPQR trees to decompose into tri-connected components and solving each independently. Experimental results show the proposed method can achieve a 3-10x speedup over other approaches.
Multiple patterning is a class of technologies for manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs), developed for photolithography to enhance the feature density. The simplest case of multiple patterning is double patterning, where a conventional lithography process is enhanced to produce double the expected number of features. The resolution of a photoresist pattern is believed to blur at around 45 nm half-pitch. For the semiconductor industry, therefore, double patterning was introduced for the 32 nm half-pitch node and below. This presentation gives us an insight of why multiple patterning is an important to give us a better resolution below 32nm.
This document proposes a low-complexity linear precoding scheme called LSQR-based precoding for massive MIMO systems. It aims to reduce the complexity of conventional zero-forcing precoding, which requires computationally expensive matrix inversion. The proposed method uses an iterative LSQR algorithm based on QR decomposition to compute the precoding matrix without direct matrix inversion. Simulation results show it can achieve near-optimal performance of zero-forcing precoding with lower complexity.
This document discusses graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which are neural network models for graph-structured data. GCNs aim to learn functions on graphs by preserving the graph's spatial structure and enabling weight sharing. The document outlines the basic components of a GCN, including the adjacency matrix, node features, and application of deep neural network layers. It also notes some challenges with applying convolutions to graphs and discusses approaches like using the graph Fourier transform based on the Laplacian matrix.
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning : Graphical Modelsbutest
- Bayesian networks are directed acyclic graphs that represent conditional independence relationships between variables. They allow compact representation of high-dimensional joint distributions.
- Graphical models like Bayesian networks and Markov random fields use graphs to represent conditional independence relationships between random variables. Inference can be performed exactly using algorithms like sum-product on trees or approximately using loopy belief propagation on general graphs.
- Sum-product and max-sum algorithms allow efficient exact inference in trees by passing messages along edges until beliefs at all nodes converge. Loopy belief propagation extends this approach to general graphs but convergence is not guaranteed.
Model Compression (NanheeKim)
@NanheeKim @nh9k
질문이 있으면 언제든지 연락주세요!
공부한 것을 바탕으로 작성한 ppt입니다.
출처는 슬라이드 마지막에 있습니다!
Please, feel free to contact me, if you have any questions!
github: https://github.com/nh9k
email: kimnanhee97@gmail.com
This chapter describes functions for allocating memory on the heap or stack in C. It discusses brk(), sbrk(), malloc(), and free() for allocating memory on the heap by adjusting the program break and using memory pools. It also covers calloc(), realloc(), memalign(), and alloca() for specialized memory allocation needs, like initializing to zero, resizing blocks, aligned blocks, and stack allocation. Tools for debugging memory allocation like mtrace(), mcheck(), and MALLOC_CHECK are also outlined.
The document discusses Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. It describes the architecture of an RBF network which has three layers - an input layer, a hidden layer of radial basis functions, and a linear output layer. It also discusses types of radial basis functions like Gaussian, training algorithms for determining hidden unit centers and radii, and provides an example of how an RBF network can learn the XOR problem.
Interactive Rendering and Stylization of Transportation Networks Using Distan...Matthias Trapp
Transportation networks, such as streets, railroads or metro systems, constitute primary elements in cartography for reckoning and navigation. In recent years, they have become an increasingly important part of 3D virtual environments for the interactive analysis and communication of complex hierarchical information, for example in routing, logistics optimization, and disaster management. A variety of rendering techniques have been proposed that deal with integrating transportation networks within these environments, but have so far neglected the many challenges of an interactive design process to adapt their spatial and thematic granularity (i.e., level-of-detail and level-of-abstraction) according to a user's context. This paper presents an efficient real-time rendering technique for the view-dependent rendering of geometrically complex transportation networks within 3D virtual environments. Our technique is based on distance fields using deferred texturing that shifts the design process to the shading stage for real-time stylization. We demonstrate and discuss our approach by means of street networks using cartographic design principles for context-aware stylization, including view-dependent scaling for clutter reduction, contour-lining to provide figure-ground, handling of street crossings via shading-based blending, and task-dependent colorization. Finally, we present potential usage scenarios and applications together with a performance evaluation of our implementation.
This document discusses cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) 3D reconstruction techniques. It describes the cryo-EM imaging process and challenges in reconstructing 3D structures from 2D projection images, including large noise and data size. The document proposes a memory-saving algorithm using tight wavelet frames for cryo-EM 3D reconstruction that formulates the reconstruction as a sparse representation problem solved with soft-thresholding and gradient descent. Simulation results on an E. coli ribosome and experimental results on an adenovirus demonstrate the proposed algorithm can reconstruct 3D structures from noisy projection data.
The document summarizes a study on fractal image compression of satellite images using range and domain techniques. It discusses fractal image compression methods, including partitioning images into range and domain blocks. Affine transformations are applied to domain blocks to match range blocks. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values are calculated for reconstructed rural and urban satellite images after 4 iterations, showing PSNR of around 17.0 for rural images and 22.0 for urban images. The proposed algorithm partitions the original image into non-overlapping range blocks and selects domain blocks twice the size of range blocks.
Expressing and Exploiting Multi-Dimensional Locality in DASHMenlo Systems GmbH
DASH is a realization of the PGAS (partitioned global address space) programming model in the form of a C++ template library. It provides a multidimensional array abstraction which is typically used as an underlying container for stencil- and dense matrix operations.
Efficiency of operations on a distributed multi-dimensional array highly depends on the distribution of its elements to processes and the communication strategy used to propagate values between them. Locality can only be improved by employing an optimal distribution that is specific to the implementation of the algorithm, run-time parameters such as node topology, and numerous additional aspects. Application developers do not know these implications which also might change in future releases of DASH.
In the following, we identify fundamental properties of distribution patterns that are prevalent in existing HPC applications.
We describe a classification scheme of multi-dimensional distributions based on these properties and demonstrate how distribution patterns can be optimized for locality and communication avoidance automatically and, to a great extent, at compile time.
This document proposes applying Euclidean Distance Antenna Selection (EDAS) to Multiple Active Spatial Modulation (MASM) to improve its performance. It describes MASM and introduces a new method called Euclidean Distance Antenna Group Selection (EDAGS) that selects antenna groups to maximize the Euclidean distance between symbols. Due to high complexity, it also proposes applying the ideas of EDAS and capacity-optimized antenna selection (COAS) to MASM by selecting antennas first and then forming groups from them. The remainder of the paper will analyze the complexity of the methods, provide simulation results, and give concluding remarks.
The presentation describes the basic synchronization Issues in OFDM like STO and CFO and their estimation techniques using Maximum Likelihood Detection
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/synopsys/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2017-embedded-vision-summit-michiels
For more information about embedded vision, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com
Tom Michiels, System Architect for Embedded Vision Processors at Synopsys, presents the "Moving CNNs from Academic Theory to Embedded Reality" tutorial at the May 2017 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, you will learn to recognize and avoid the pitfalls of moving from an academic CNN/deep learning graph to a commercial embedded vision design. You will also learn about the cost vs. accuracy trade-offs of CNN bit width, about balancing internal memory size and external memory bandwidth, and about the importance of keeping data local to the CNN processor to improve bandwidth. Michaels also walks through an example customer design for a power- and cost-sensitive automotive scene segmentation application that requires high flexibility to adapt to future CNN graph evolutions.
This document summarizes two papers on text detection in natural images:
1. SegLink detects text by decomposing it into locally detectable segments and links between segments.
2. R2CNN improves on angle stability by setting the target angle as box coordinates and using different ROI pooling sizes and inclined non-maximum suppression. It achieves state-of-the-art results on standard datasets.
A new look on performance of small-cell network with design of multiple anten...journalBEEI
This document analyzes the performance of a small-cell network with multiple antennas and full-duplex transmission. It derives the closed-form expression for outage probability and computes the throughput. Simulation results show that outage probability worsens with higher target rates or more neighboring small-cell networks due to increased interference. Full-duplex contributes to improved throughput at low self-interference levels. Throughput first increases and then remains stable as the number of antennas increases.
The document discusses angular decomposition and representation of MIMO channels. It describes how the transmit and receive antenna arrays are normalized by length and divided into equal bins based on the number of antenna elements. Directional cosines define the angles of incoming and outgoing signals. The MIMO channel is represented as a sum of propagation paths, with the channel matrix defined by the path gains and angular terms. Angular domain representation treats the channel sounding like a discrete Fourier transform over the antenna arrays. Statistical modeling accounts for time variation in the propagation environment.
Space-efficient Feature Maps for String Alignment KernelsYasuo Tabei
This document proposes space-efficient feature maps for approximating string alignment kernels. It introduces edit-sensitive parsing (ESP) to map strings to integer vectors, and then uses feature maps to map the integer vectors to compact feature vectors. Linear SVMs trained on these feature vectors can achieve similar performance as non-linear SVMs using alignment kernels, with greatly improved scalability. Experimental results on real-world string datasets show the proposed method significantly reduces training time and memory usage compared to state-of-the-art string kernel methods, while maintaining high classification accuracy.
The document discusses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a type of deep learning algorithm used for computer vision tasks. CNNs have convolutional layers that apply filters to input images to extract features, and pooling layers that reduce the spatial size of representations. They use shared weights and local connectivity to classify images. Common CNN architectures described include LeNet-5, AlexNet, VGG16, GoogLeNet and ResNet, with increasing numbers of layers and parameters over time.
Cut mix: Regularization strategy to train strong classifiers with localizable...Changjin Lee
CutMix is a regularization technique that trains strong classifiers with localizable features. It involves randomly cropping a region from an image and replacing it with a patch from another image. The ground truth labels are also mixed proportionally to the pixel ratio. This allows for no information loss unlike dropout methods, while still enhancing localization ability by learning from partial views. CutMix outperforms other data augmentation techniques like Mixup by generating more natural composite images and helps models better localize objects. It has been shown to work well as a complementary technique to other regularizers and achieves state-of-the-art results on ImageNet and CIFAR-10 classification tasks when implemented in PyTorch.
This paper proposes and analyzes the performance of a selection decode-and-forward cooperative free-space optical communication system using adaptive subcarrier quadrature amplitude modulation. The system employs selective relaying to choose the best intermediate node based on channel state information. Novel expressions are derived for outage probability, spectral efficiency, and bit error rate considering Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence fading. Numerical results show that the proposed adaptive system has improved performance compared to non-adaptive systems and all-active relaying schemes.
The document describes the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. It begins by introducing FCM clustering and noting that each item can belong to more than one cluster with a probability distribution over the clusters. It then describes the objective function that FCM aims to minimize in each iteration and how it calculates the degree of membership for each data point to each cluster. Finally, it provides pseudocode for the FCM algorithm and describes how it initializes variables and checks for termination.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. It discusses key aspects of the algorithm including:
- The algorithm aims to cluster items into groups based on similarity, allowing each item to belong to multiple groups.
- It calculates the likelihood (degree of membership) that a data point belongs to a cluster, rather than absolute membership.
- In each iteration, it minimizes an objective function to update the cluster centers and degrees of membership.
- The algorithm maintains center vectors for each cluster and updates them as weighted averages of the data points.
This document proposes a low-complexity linear precoding scheme called LSQR-based precoding for massive MIMO systems. It aims to reduce the complexity of conventional zero-forcing precoding, which requires computationally expensive matrix inversion. The proposed method uses an iterative LSQR algorithm based on QR decomposition to compute the precoding matrix without direct matrix inversion. Simulation results show it can achieve near-optimal performance of zero-forcing precoding with lower complexity.
This document discusses graph convolutional networks (GCNs), which are neural network models for graph-structured data. GCNs aim to learn functions on graphs by preserving the graph's spatial structure and enabling weight sharing. The document outlines the basic components of a GCN, including the adjacency matrix, node features, and application of deep neural network layers. It also notes some challenges with applying convolutions to graphs and discusses approaches like using the graph Fourier transform based on the Laplacian matrix.
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning : Graphical Modelsbutest
- Bayesian networks are directed acyclic graphs that represent conditional independence relationships between variables. They allow compact representation of high-dimensional joint distributions.
- Graphical models like Bayesian networks and Markov random fields use graphs to represent conditional independence relationships between random variables. Inference can be performed exactly using algorithms like sum-product on trees or approximately using loopy belief propagation on general graphs.
- Sum-product and max-sum algorithms allow efficient exact inference in trees by passing messages along edges until beliefs at all nodes converge. Loopy belief propagation extends this approach to general graphs but convergence is not guaranteed.
Model Compression (NanheeKim)
@NanheeKim @nh9k
질문이 있으면 언제든지 연락주세요!
공부한 것을 바탕으로 작성한 ppt입니다.
출처는 슬라이드 마지막에 있습니다!
Please, feel free to contact me, if you have any questions!
github: https://github.com/nh9k
email: kimnanhee97@gmail.com
This chapter describes functions for allocating memory on the heap or stack in C. It discusses brk(), sbrk(), malloc(), and free() for allocating memory on the heap by adjusting the program break and using memory pools. It also covers calloc(), realloc(), memalign(), and alloca() for specialized memory allocation needs, like initializing to zero, resizing blocks, aligned blocks, and stack allocation. Tools for debugging memory allocation like mtrace(), mcheck(), and MALLOC_CHECK are also outlined.
The document discusses Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks. It describes the architecture of an RBF network which has three layers - an input layer, a hidden layer of radial basis functions, and a linear output layer. It also discusses types of radial basis functions like Gaussian, training algorithms for determining hidden unit centers and radii, and provides an example of how an RBF network can learn the XOR problem.
Interactive Rendering and Stylization of Transportation Networks Using Distan...Matthias Trapp
Transportation networks, such as streets, railroads or metro systems, constitute primary elements in cartography for reckoning and navigation. In recent years, they have become an increasingly important part of 3D virtual environments for the interactive analysis and communication of complex hierarchical information, for example in routing, logistics optimization, and disaster management. A variety of rendering techniques have been proposed that deal with integrating transportation networks within these environments, but have so far neglected the many challenges of an interactive design process to adapt their spatial and thematic granularity (i.e., level-of-detail and level-of-abstraction) according to a user's context. This paper presents an efficient real-time rendering technique for the view-dependent rendering of geometrically complex transportation networks within 3D virtual environments. Our technique is based on distance fields using deferred texturing that shifts the design process to the shading stage for real-time stylization. We demonstrate and discuss our approach by means of street networks using cartographic design principles for context-aware stylization, including view-dependent scaling for clutter reduction, contour-lining to provide figure-ground, handling of street crossings via shading-based blending, and task-dependent colorization. Finally, we present potential usage scenarios and applications together with a performance evaluation of our implementation.
This document discusses cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) 3D reconstruction techniques. It describes the cryo-EM imaging process and challenges in reconstructing 3D structures from 2D projection images, including large noise and data size. The document proposes a memory-saving algorithm using tight wavelet frames for cryo-EM 3D reconstruction that formulates the reconstruction as a sparse representation problem solved with soft-thresholding and gradient descent. Simulation results on an E. coli ribosome and experimental results on an adenovirus demonstrate the proposed algorithm can reconstruct 3D structures from noisy projection data.
The document summarizes a study on fractal image compression of satellite images using range and domain techniques. It discusses fractal image compression methods, including partitioning images into range and domain blocks. Affine transformations are applied to domain blocks to match range blocks. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values are calculated for reconstructed rural and urban satellite images after 4 iterations, showing PSNR of around 17.0 for rural images and 22.0 for urban images. The proposed algorithm partitions the original image into non-overlapping range blocks and selects domain blocks twice the size of range blocks.
Expressing and Exploiting Multi-Dimensional Locality in DASHMenlo Systems GmbH
DASH is a realization of the PGAS (partitioned global address space) programming model in the form of a C++ template library. It provides a multidimensional array abstraction which is typically used as an underlying container for stencil- and dense matrix operations.
Efficiency of operations on a distributed multi-dimensional array highly depends on the distribution of its elements to processes and the communication strategy used to propagate values between them. Locality can only be improved by employing an optimal distribution that is specific to the implementation of the algorithm, run-time parameters such as node topology, and numerous additional aspects. Application developers do not know these implications which also might change in future releases of DASH.
In the following, we identify fundamental properties of distribution patterns that are prevalent in existing HPC applications.
We describe a classification scheme of multi-dimensional distributions based on these properties and demonstrate how distribution patterns can be optimized for locality and communication avoidance automatically and, to a great extent, at compile time.
This document proposes applying Euclidean Distance Antenna Selection (EDAS) to Multiple Active Spatial Modulation (MASM) to improve its performance. It describes MASM and introduces a new method called Euclidean Distance Antenna Group Selection (EDAGS) that selects antenna groups to maximize the Euclidean distance between symbols. Due to high complexity, it also proposes applying the ideas of EDAS and capacity-optimized antenna selection (COAS) to MASM by selecting antennas first and then forming groups from them. The remainder of the paper will analyze the complexity of the methods, provide simulation results, and give concluding remarks.
The presentation describes the basic synchronization Issues in OFDM like STO and CFO and their estimation techniques using Maximum Likelihood Detection
For the full video of this presentation, please visit:
https://www.embedded-vision.com/platinum-members/synopsys/embedded-vision-training/videos/pages/may-2017-embedded-vision-summit-michiels
For more information about embedded vision, please visit:
http://www.embedded-vision.com
Tom Michiels, System Architect for Embedded Vision Processors at Synopsys, presents the "Moving CNNs from Academic Theory to Embedded Reality" tutorial at the May 2017 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, you will learn to recognize and avoid the pitfalls of moving from an academic CNN/deep learning graph to a commercial embedded vision design. You will also learn about the cost vs. accuracy trade-offs of CNN bit width, about balancing internal memory size and external memory bandwidth, and about the importance of keeping data local to the CNN processor to improve bandwidth. Michaels also walks through an example customer design for a power- and cost-sensitive automotive scene segmentation application that requires high flexibility to adapt to future CNN graph evolutions.
This document summarizes two papers on text detection in natural images:
1. SegLink detects text by decomposing it into locally detectable segments and links between segments.
2. R2CNN improves on angle stability by setting the target angle as box coordinates and using different ROI pooling sizes and inclined non-maximum suppression. It achieves state-of-the-art results on standard datasets.
A new look on performance of small-cell network with design of multiple anten...journalBEEI
This document analyzes the performance of a small-cell network with multiple antennas and full-duplex transmission. It derives the closed-form expression for outage probability and computes the throughput. Simulation results show that outage probability worsens with higher target rates or more neighboring small-cell networks due to increased interference. Full-duplex contributes to improved throughput at low self-interference levels. Throughput first increases and then remains stable as the number of antennas increases.
The document discusses angular decomposition and representation of MIMO channels. It describes how the transmit and receive antenna arrays are normalized by length and divided into equal bins based on the number of antenna elements. Directional cosines define the angles of incoming and outgoing signals. The MIMO channel is represented as a sum of propagation paths, with the channel matrix defined by the path gains and angular terms. Angular domain representation treats the channel sounding like a discrete Fourier transform over the antenna arrays. Statistical modeling accounts for time variation in the propagation environment.
Space-efficient Feature Maps for String Alignment KernelsYasuo Tabei
This document proposes space-efficient feature maps for approximating string alignment kernels. It introduces edit-sensitive parsing (ESP) to map strings to integer vectors, and then uses feature maps to map the integer vectors to compact feature vectors. Linear SVMs trained on these feature vectors can achieve similar performance as non-linear SVMs using alignment kernels, with greatly improved scalability. Experimental results on real-world string datasets show the proposed method significantly reduces training time and memory usage compared to state-of-the-art string kernel methods, while maintaining high classification accuracy.
The document discusses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a type of deep learning algorithm used for computer vision tasks. CNNs have convolutional layers that apply filters to input images to extract features, and pooling layers that reduce the spatial size of representations. They use shared weights and local connectivity to classify images. Common CNN architectures described include LeNet-5, AlexNet, VGG16, GoogLeNet and ResNet, with increasing numbers of layers and parameters over time.
Cut mix: Regularization strategy to train strong classifiers with localizable...Changjin Lee
CutMix is a regularization technique that trains strong classifiers with localizable features. It involves randomly cropping a region from an image and replacing it with a patch from another image. The ground truth labels are also mixed proportionally to the pixel ratio. This allows for no information loss unlike dropout methods, while still enhancing localization ability by learning from partial views. CutMix outperforms other data augmentation techniques like Mixup by generating more natural composite images and helps models better localize objects. It has been shown to work well as a complementary technique to other regularizers and achieves state-of-the-art results on ImageNet and CIFAR-10 classification tasks when implemented in PyTorch.
This paper proposes and analyzes the performance of a selection decode-and-forward cooperative free-space optical communication system using adaptive subcarrier quadrature amplitude modulation. The system employs selective relaying to choose the best intermediate node based on channel state information. Novel expressions are derived for outage probability, spectral efficiency, and bit error rate considering Gamma-Gamma atmospheric turbulence fading. Numerical results show that the proposed adaptive system has improved performance compared to non-adaptive systems and all-active relaying schemes.
The document describes the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. It begins by introducing FCM clustering and noting that each item can belong to more than one cluster with a probability distribution over the clusters. It then describes the objective function that FCM aims to minimize in each iteration and how it calculates the degree of membership for each data point to each cluster. Finally, it provides pseudocode for the FCM algorithm and describes how it initializes variables and checks for termination.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. It discusses key aspects of the algorithm including:
- The algorithm aims to cluster items into groups based on similarity, allowing each item to belong to multiple groups.
- It calculates the likelihood (degree of membership) that a data point belongs to a cluster, rather than absolute membership.
- In each iteration, it minimizes an objective function to update the cluster centers and degrees of membership.
- The algorithm maintains center vectors for each cluster and updates them as weighted averages of the data points.
Anomaly detection using deep one class classifier홍배 김
The document discusses anomaly detection techniques using deep one-class classifiers and generative adversarial networks (GANs). It proposes using an autoencoder to extract features from normal images, training a GAN on those features to model the distribution, and using a one-class support vector machine (SVM) to determine if new images are within the normal distribution. The method detects and localizes anomalies by generating a binary mask for abnormal regions. It also discusses Gaussian mixture models and the expectation-maximization algorithm for modeling multiple distributions in data.
This document discusses the basics of artificial neural networks including multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs). It explains that MLPs use multiple hidden layers between the input and output layers to extract meaningful features from the data. The document also covers topics like training neural networks using backpropagation and stochastic gradient descent, the use of mini-batches to speed up training, and common activation and loss functions.
Chapter 11 cluster advanced : web and text miningHouw Liong The
This document provides an overview of advanced clustering analysis techniques discussed in Chapter 11 of the textbook "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques". It begins with an introduction to probability model-based clustering and fuzzy clustering. It then discusses using the EM algorithm for fuzzy clustering and fitting univariate Gaussian mixture models. Next, it covers challenges with clustering high-dimensional data and methods for subspace clustering. It also briefly introduces clustering graphs and network data as well as clustering with constraints. The document concludes with an outline of the chapter.
This document summarizes various clustering algorithms including:
- K-means clustering which partitions objects into k groups by iteratively updating cluster centroids.
- Hierarchical clustering which uses distance metrics to iteratively merge or split clusters in a dendrogram without needing k as input.
- Density-based methods like DBSCAN which group together densely clustered points.
- Probabilistic and model-based clustering which represent clusters as probability distributions like Gaussian mixtures fitted using EM.
Here, we have implemented CNN network in FPGA by incorporating a novel technique of convolution which includes pipelining technique as well as parallelism (by optimizing) between the two.
Trackster Pruning at the CMS High-Granularity CalorimeterYousef Fadila
The document discusses approaches for assigning weights to layer clusters in Tracksters to indicate the likelihood of belonging to the same particle or being contaminated. The goal is to develop reproducible code, port a trained model to C, and provide a final report and presentation. Various data representations and machine learning methods are explored, including layer-cluster level, extended layer-cluster level, sequence representations using LSTM and CNN, and graph representations using GCN and adaptive sampling. Performance is evaluated on classification of purity levels. Extended layer-cluster and sequence representations showed improved performance over the basic layer-cluster approach. Notebooks containing the code are described in an appendix.
1) The document discusses CDMA network design and optimization to maximize capacity. It analyzes factors like inter-cell interference, soft handoff, power control, and their effects on capacity.
2) It presents methods to optimize the network using power compensation factors, base station location, and pilot signal power. The optimizations are evaluated on sample networks including a 27-cell network with uniform user distribution and hot spots.
3) The combined optimization of location, pilot power, and mobile transmission power is shown to significantly increase network capacity over individual optimizations, balancing load across all cells.
Optimal pilot symbol power allocation in lteDat Manh
This document presents research on optimizing pilot symbol power allocation in LTE systems. The key points are:
1) The researchers derive analytical expressions for optimal pilot symbol power allocation based on maximizing post-equalization signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) under imperfect channel knowledge.
2) They analyze zero-forcing equalization and derive the post-equalization SINR expression for a MIMO system with imperfect channel estimation.
3) The researchers also derive mean square error expressions for least squares and linear minimum mean square error channel estimation methods.
4) Simulation results using an LTE simulator validate the analytical model for optimal pilot symbol power allocation.
Fuzzy clustering algorithm can not obtain good clustering effect when the sample characteristic is not obvious and need to determine the number of clusters firstly. For thi0s reason, this paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy kernel clustering algorithm. The algorithm firstly use the adaptive function of clustering number to calculate the optimal clustering number, then the samples of input space is mapped to highdimensional feature space using gaussian kernel and clustering in the feature space. The Matlab simulation results confirmed that the algorithm's performance has greatly improvement than classical clustering algorithm and has faster convergence speed and more accurate clustering results.
Fuzzy clustering algorithm can not obtain good clustering effect when the sample characteristic is not
obvious and need to determine the number of clusters firstly. For thi0s reason, this paper proposes an
adaptive fuzzy kernel clustering algorithm. The algorithm firstly use the adaptive function of clustering
number to calculate the optimal clustering number, then the samples of input space is mapped to highdimensional
feature space using gaussian kernel and clustering in the feature space. The Matlab simulation
results confirmed that the algorithm's performance has greatly improvement than classical clustering algorithm and has faster convergence speed and more accurate clustering results
Semi-Supervised Fuzzy C-Means for Regression
We propose a method to perform regression on partially labeled data, which is based on SSFCM (Semi-Supervised Fuzzy C-Means), an algorithm for semi-supervised classification based on fuzzy clustering. The proposed method, called SSFCM-R, precedes the application of SSFCM with a relabeling module based on target discretization. After the application of SSFCM, regression is carried out according to one out of two possible schemes: (i) the output corresponds to the label of the closest cluster; (ii) the output is a linear combination of the cluster labels weighted by the membership degree of the input. Some experiments on synthetic data are reported to compare both approaches.
IJCCI 15th International joint Conference on Computational Intelligence, 13-15 November, 2023, Rome, Italy
full paper: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375671573_Semi-Supervised_Fuzzy_C-Means_for_Regression
Slides for the presentation at ENBIS 2018 of "Deep k-Means: Jointly Clustering with k-Means and Learning Representations" by Thibaut Thonet. Joint work with Maziar Moradi Fard and Eric Gaussier.
1. AlphaZero uses self-play reinforcement learning to train a neural network to evaluate board positions and select moves. It trains offline by playing games against itself, using the results to iteratively improve its network.
2. During online play, AlphaZero uses Monte Carlo tree search with the neural network to select moves. It evaluates many random simulations of possible future games to a certain depth, using the network to approximate values beyond that depth.
3. The success of AlphaZero is due to skillfully combining known reinforcement learning techniques like self-play training, neural network function approximation, and Monte Carlo tree search with powerful computational resources.
Introduction to machine learning terminology.
Applications within High Energy Physics and outside HEP.
* Basic problems: classification and regression.
* Nearest neighbours approach and spacial indices
* Overfitting (intro)
* Curse of dimensionality
* ROC curve, ROC AUC
* Bayes optimal classifier
* Density estimation: KDE and histograms
* Parametric density estimation
* Mixtures for density estimation and EM algorithm
* Generative approach vs discriminative approach
* Linear decision rule, intro to logistic regression
* Linear regression
A deep learning model using convolutional neural networks is proposed for lithography hotspot detection. The model takes layout clip images as input and outputs a prediction of hotspot or non-hotspot. It uses several convolutional and pooling layers to automatically learn features from the images without manual feature engineering. Evaluation shows the deep learning model achieves higher accuracy than previous shallow learning methods that rely on manually designed features.
Support Vector Machine Optimal Kernel SelectionIRJET Journal
This document discusses selecting the optimal kernel for support vector machines (SVMs) based on different datasets. It provides background on SVMs and how their performance depends on the kernel function used. The document evaluates 4 kernel types (linear, polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), sigmoid) on 3 datasets: heart disease data, digit recognition data, and social network ads data. For each dataset and kernel combination, it reports accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa statistic metrics from implementing SVMs in R. The linear and RBF kernels generally performed best, with RBF working best for datasets with larger numbers of features like digit recognition data.
1) The document discusses techniques for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, including repeated clipping and filtering (RCF) and nonlinear commanding transform (NCT).
2) RCF projects clipping noise into the feasible extension area while removing out-of-band interference through filtering, but suffers from problems like in-band distortion, peak re-growth, and out-of-band radiation.
3) NCT aims to reduce PAPR by compressing peak signals and expanding small signals while maintaining constant average power through optimal parameter selection. The proposed NCT technique outperforms RCF in terms of lower clipping ratio,
Similar to Fuzzy clustering using RSIO-FCM ppt (20)
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
3. An extension of k-means.
Hierarchical, k-means generates partitions.
› each data point can only be assigned in one cluster.
Fuzzy c-means allows data points to be assigned
into more than one cluster.
› each data point has a degree of membership (or
probability) of belonging to each cluster.
4. It divides the n sized data X = {x1, x2, … , xc} into
c groups by optimizing the following objective
function:
32. CONCLUSION
Empirical evaluations on the several large datasets
demonstrated that SRSIO-FCM significantly outperformed
over the scalable model of previously proposed iterative
algorithms. Moreover, SRSIO-FCM achieves higher or comparable
clustering results compared with the scalable iterative
algorithms. The merits shown in the experiments
indicate that SRSIO-FCM has great potential for use in big
data clustering.