Building on the successful launch of the Cross-Sector Battery Systems Innovation Network in late September 2020, this webinar series will look into the opportunities and trends for Batteries in Defence, Maritime and Rail. Each session will bring together experts looking at the supply and demand side for batteries, technical requirements and explore how these wide range of sectors can decarbonise through batteries.

1. Decarbonisation of Rail and the
opportunities for batteries
Sam Bemment
Technical and Innovation Manager, Railway Industry
Association
Sam.Bemment@riagb.org.uk
www.linkedin.com/in/sambemment

2. Voice of the UK Rail Supply Community
Trade Association
Established for 145 years
Over 300 member companies
Large proportion of the UK rail supply chain
Diversity of technical disciplines…
Principal activities:
• Represent members’
interests to Government,
regulators, Network Rail
and others
• Offer a forum for dialogue
between members
• Provide information to
members
• Promote exports of
members’ products and
services
www.riagb.org.uk

3. Rail: 2% of UK land surface emissions
Source: Network Rail TDNS/ Steven Hart

4. Decarbonisation
• 70% of passenger fleet / 80+% of journeys already electric
• Not carrying own ‘fuel’!
• Low rolling resistance
• Good aero performance through train form
• Easily deployed regenerative braking (though not widespread)
• Grade separation
• So… what are the opportunities for battery technologies?

6. Traction vs Non-Traction
The rail sector's carbon
footprint broken down by
emission source in ktCO2e. -
Source RSSB (T1197 Final
Report)

7. • Continuous electrification is the best solution in technical/carbon/OpEx terms
Because: Physics!
• Battery/Hydrogen alone will not suffice for decarb’d high-speed passenger or freight
Because: Physics!
• RIA Support a rolling programme of electrification for these reasons
However…
• There are parts of our network where the business case for continuous electrification
does not stack up.
• Here, alternative options should be explored.

8. Energy Storage Arms Race!
Stadler Flirt Tri-Mode ordered for South Wales
and capable of operating on Overhead Lines,
Diesel or Battery Power
Hitachi and Hyperdrive Innovation are
developing battery packs for zero emission
trains and creating a battery hub in NE
England
Porterbrook Hydro
Flex based on Class
319 Electric Train
(Diesel and Battery
Bi-Modes available)
Alstom and
Eversholt Breeze
based on Class 321
Electric Train
Vivarail Hydrogen
Train based on D78
Tube Train (Diesel
and Battery Bi-
Modes available)
Angel Trains Class 165 Hybrid powertrain.
CAD showing cutaway of the Class 180
dual-fuel with LNG fuel tanks fitted.
Steamology 100kW range extender

9. Who will win?
Intermittent
Electrification
Batteries
Flywheels
Steam
Yes, really Dual-Fuel
Hydrogen
Hybrid
Diesel
Electric
Compressed
air
The as-yet
undiscovered
solutions

10. The Scale of the challenge
• There are also 850 freight
locomotives, of which about 10%
are electric

11. Traction vs Non-Traction
The rail sector's carbon
footprint broken down by
emission source in ktCO2e. -
Source RSSB (T1197 Final
Report)

12. Infrastructure Maintenance
Source: Volker Rail / Wikipedia / Colas/NR, Pandrol UK

13. Lineside Functions
Digital Signalling
Rollout leads to new
opportunities

14. Direct Feed-in
• Technology demonstration to link lineside renewables directly to traction
supply
• Bypasses National Grid – power near where it’s needed
• If rolled out:
• Could utilise large amounts of railway land alongside track
• Full savings/efficiencies only achieved with reduced grid conn’s.
• Trains still need to run when it’s cloudy = lineside energy storage!

15. Light and Very Light Rail
• Each ‘Shuttle’ VLR vehicle has a Lithium Titanate battery of 54KwH, for
70km range
• Predicted UK Market of c.3000 vehicles over a period of 8 years, starting
2024
• The extra-urban (branch line) ‘Revolution’ vehicle has a battery of
assumed c.100KwH.
• Market of 450 vehicles. A vehicle prototype is built and rollout could start
in 2-3 years in quantities of 12-24 units pa.
• Potential market for robotic, self-propelled battery/diesel hybrid
inspection and repair machines, potentially c.200 in the UK, which would
have a battery back nearer to 100KwH.
• Lightweight freight could increase these numbers by 25%
• Ambition is to build all these vehicles in the UK from as great a UK-
sourced component count as possible.
www.verylightrail.com

16. Further Bedtime Reading!
https://www.rssb.co.uk/en/sustainability/decarbonisation
Rail Industry Decarbonisation Taskforce Final Report
RSSB Decarb project reports… e.g.:
Decarbonisation and air quality improvement of the freight
rail industry (T1160)
Carbon Measurements (T1197)

17. Thankyou!
Sam.Bemment@riagb.org.uk
www.linkedin.com/in/sambemment

18. Rail People
Real Expertise
Hybrid
Batteries for Rail – Practical
Examples
David Dempsey, Systems Engineer, Angel Trains

19. Rail People
Real Expertise
2
§ Existing estimates $150 to $250 per kWh;
§ Battery costs being quoted at circa £2k per kWh for rail projects;
§ Weight of battery is at circa 15kg per kWh;
§ Example: 50 mile journey requires
o 600kWh battery;
o Cost approx. £1.2m;
o Weight approx. 9 tonnes.
Battery Cost
Inc. all
packaging
Commercial i.e.
automotive
quotes

20. Rail People
Real Expertise
3
Why use Batteries? “I would like to
see us take all
diesel-only trains
off the track by
2040” Transport
Minister, Jo Johnson, 2018
Approximately
60% (18,500km)
of lines not
electrified
Network Rail 2012
figures
Cancellation
of
electrification
schemes by
the DfT
Costs for
electrification
were reported
at £2m per
mile on GWR
Could offer
power to EMUs
on non-
electrified lines
Offers a route
to
decarbonisation
during
electrification
programmes
Rail amounts
to >1% of UK
GHG
emissions
ORR 2019 figures
Rail can
decarbonise
where other
sectors cannot
Reduces the
reliance on
diesel on non-
electrified lines

21. Rail People
Real Expertise
4
§ Self-charging hybrid using diesel generators to
charge a battery;
§ Calculated through route profiling;
§ Capacity: 180kWh;
§ Chemistry: NMC;
§ Range: 15 miles (battery alone);
§ Time: up to 30mins (battery alone).
Hybridisation

22. Rail People
Real Expertise
5
Scope
transmission
hydrostatics
engine
remove redundant equipment …

23. Rail People
Real Expertise
6
Scope
controls and RCM
traction motor
batteries
engines and generators
new equipment to be fitted …

24. Rail People
Real Expertise
7
Modes of Operation
engine and battery mode …

25. Rail People
Real Expertise
8
Modes of Operation
battery only mode …

26. Rail People
Real Expertise
9

27. Rail People
Real Expertise
10
On Works

28. Rail People
Real Expertise
11
§ Smaller battery, lowering the investment cost;
§ Reduced overhaul maintenance;
§ Reduced running maintenance;
§ Increased reliability leading to less preventative
maintenance;
§ Upgrade path to full Battery operation;
§ Reduced emissions;
§ Retained operational capacity.
Commercial Case of Hybridisation

29. Rail People
Real Expertise
12
Benefits of Battery only mode!
2021 ULEZ
M25 Corridor
Source: GoogleMaps

30. Rail People
Real Expertise
13
§ Battery size calculated through route profiling and available
space;
§ Capacity: 600kWh estimated;
§ Chemistry: LTO;
§ Range: 50 miles (battery alone);
§ Time: up to 60mins (battery alone);
Bi-mode Battery-EMU

31. Rail People
Real Expertise
14
§ Bi-mode operation;
§ Operate shuttling services on non-electrified
lines under full Battery operation;
§ Allows operation on non-electrified routes;
§ Can open up new routes previously not open;
§ Allows for discontinued electrification schemes.
Commercial Case of Bi-mode B-EMU

32. Rail People
Real Expertise
15
Where could Batteries work?
Network not
electrified
ECML
Network
electrified

33. Rail People
Real Expertise
16
Discontinued Electrification – Example
Network not
electrified
Network
electrified
Next Section
to be
electrified

34. Rail People
Real Expertise
17
§ Batteries are expensive and add considerable weight;
• Circa £2k per kWh;
• Circa 15kg per kWh.
§ Hybridisation – stepping stone towards a lower-carbon future
• Allows for a smaller battery;
• Doesn’t diminish the operation capability;
• Immediate environmental benefit;
• No infrastructure requirement;
• Modular approach for future upgrade potential.
§ Bi-mode – stepping stone to electrification
• Can assist in removing diesel operation from some routes;
• Can assist in long term electrification programmes.
Conclusions
Don’t lose
embodied carbon
through early
replacement

35. Rail People
Real Expertise
18
Thank you

36. Cross Sector Batteries: Targets and Priorities
Martin Dowson
Head of Battery Systems Engineering & Research
WMG, University of Warwick & APC Energy Storage Spoke

37. What about beyond automotive?
Aim is to develop a set of revised targets that promotes the
appropriate research to enable successful future
exploitation of batteries in cross-sector applications
 Faraday Battery Challenge – automotive focus to date
 KTN Cross-Sector Battery Systems group established to understand
performance requirements and market opportunity for other sectors
 Where are there performance requirement overlaps?
 Where are the priority areas for research?
 Where are there opportunities for growth and technology
transfer?

38. Very Light Rail at WMG
WMG
• Department at the University of Warwick
• Research focus on: Intelligent vehicles, Digital technologies,
Organisational transformation, Materials and manufacturing,
Energy
Coventry VLR
• Development of a battery electric vehicle – partnered with TDI
• Development of a low cost trackform <£10m/km
Revolution VLR
• RSSB and Eversholt Rail funded consortium to develop of
hybrid powered lightweight railcar for branch lines
• WMG responsible for hybrid powertrain and HV batteries

39. CVLR vehicle highlights

40. • Benefits include no OLE or stray currents
• Battery packaged under vehicle floor
• 54 kWh in 2 strings (for redundancy)
• 750 Volt system
• Energy required for out and back on route 1
approximately 9 kWh ~ 70 km range
• Safe - Cooled Lithium Titanate chemistry
Zero Emission - battery power
Battery on test at WMG

44. Cross sector journey – next steps
 Join the KTN Cross Sector Battery Systems Innovation Network!
 www.ukbatteriesnetwork.org
 Provide feedback online on the cross sector targets discussion
document - any concerns/issues/gaps?
 Development underway of an interactive online platform to continue the
evolution of the targets as part of the Innovation Network – sign up open