This document summarizes and describes several futuristic materials: aerogel, carbon nanotubes, metamaterials, amorphous metals, superalloys, metal foam, transparent alumina, and e-textiles. Aerogel is a highly insulating material made of frozen smoke. Carbon nanotubes are extremely strong and conductive due to their carbon bonds. Metamaterials derive their properties from structure rather than composition, allowing for properties like invisibility cloaking. Amorphous metals and superalloys can withstand very high temperatures. Metal foams are lightweight yet strong. Transparent alumina is stronger than steel but transparent. And e-textiles integrate electronics and digital components into fabrics.

1. Presented by:
MUHAMMAD ALI MOHSIN
(MME-16-04)

2. A brief review of some futuristic materials is
given here:
1. Aerogel.
2. Carbon nanotubes.
3. Metamaterials.
4. Amorphous metals.
5. Super alloys.
6. Metal foam.
7. Transparent alumina.
8. E-textiles.

3. 1. Aerogel
 Frozen smoke.
 Made by the supercritical drying of liquid gels of
alumina, chromia, tin oxide, or carbon.
 It’s 99.8% empty space.
 Its semi-transparent.
 Fantastic insulator.

4. Aerogel protecting cyons from
blowtorch.

5. 2. Carbon nanotubes
 Carbon nanotubes are long chains of carbon held
together by the strongest bond in all chemistry,
sp2 bond.
 Carbon nanotubes have ballistic electron transport.
 They have so much tensile strength that they are the
only substance that could be used to build a space
elevator.
 The specific strength of carbon nanotubes is 48,000
kN·m/kg. That’s 300 times stronger than steel.

6. 3. Metamaterials
 “Metamaterial” refers to any material that gains its
properties from structure rather than composition.
 Metamaterials have been used to create microwave
invisibility cloaks, 2D invisibility cloaks, and materials
with other unusual optical properties.
 Some metamaterials have a negative refractive index.
This property can be used to create superlenses.
 They would be used in “Phased array optics”.

7. Microwave invisibility cloak made
of metamaterials

8. 4. Amorphous metal
 Amorphous metals, also called metallic glasses, consist
of metal with a disordered atomic structure.
 They can be twice as strong as steel.
 They can disperse impact energy more effectively than
a metal crystal, which has points of weakness.
 Amorphous metals have electronic properties that
improve the efficiency of power grids by as much as
40%.

9. 5. Superalloys
 A superalloy is a generic term for a metal that can
operate at very high temperatures, up to about 2000 °F
(1100 °C).
 They are popular for use in the superhot turbine areas
of jet engines.
 They are used for more advanced oxygen-breathing
designs, such as the ramjet and scramjet.

10. 6. Metal foam
 Metal foam is what you get when you add a foaming
agent, powdered titanium hydride, to molten
aluminum, then let it cool.
 The result is a very strong substance that is relatively
light, with 75–95% empty space.
 Because of its favorable strength-to-weight ratio, metal
foams have been proposed as a construction material
for space colonies.

11. Metal foam

12. 7. Transparent alumina
 Aluminium oxynitride or AlON is a ceramic composed
of aluminium,oxygen and nitrogen.It is optically
transparent (≥80%) in the near-ultraviolet, visible and
midwave-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
 Transparent alumina is three times stronger than steel and
transparent.It is 4 times harder than fused silica glass.
 Lightweight high-performance transparent material.
 Could be used for bullet proof and bomb proof armors and
windows e.t.c.
 In near future we will be able to use transparent aluminium
to make transparent weapons.
 It has many semicondutor related applications.

13. Transparent alumina

14. 8. E-textiles
 An electronic textile is a fabric that can conduct
electricity.
 Electronic textiles, are fabrics that
enable digital components such as a battery and a light
(including small computers), and electronics to be
embedded in them.
 They’ll be able to sense changes in their environment.
 They’ll have the ability to do many things that
traditional fabrics cannot, including communicate,
transform, conduct energy

15. E-textile