The document discusses vital signs including respiration, blood pressure, and sites for assessing temperature. It describes how to assess respiration by counting breaths per minute and evaluating rhythm and depth. Blood pressure is defined as the force required by the heart to pump blood, with systolic pressure occurring during heartbeats and diastolic pressure between beats. Methods for measuring blood pressure include the auscultatory method using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer as well as the palpatory method. Common sites for assessing temperature include the mouth, axilla, tympanic membrane, rectum, and bladder.

1. Halabja Technical Institute
Nursing Department
First Stage
Fundamental of Nursing
Snur J. Ahmad
Fifth Lab. : Vital Signs Cont.

2. Respiration
Respiration is the act of breathing (includes intake of o2 &
removal of co2) .
Purposes:
1. To determine number of respiration occurring per minute.
2. To gather information about rhythm and depth .
3. To assess response of patient to any related medication .

3. Listening with stethoscope
Monitoring arterial blood gas results
Using a pulse oximeter
Assessing Respirations
Inspection

4. Factors Affecting Respiration
• Age
• Sex
• Activity level
Asses after taking pulse, while still holding hand, Nurse
must not tell the patient that: I will assess you’r respiration
because if patient knows are counting respirations may not
breathe naturally .
• Medication
• Illness
• Temperature

5. Assessing Respirations

6. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force required by the heart to pump
blood from the ventricles of the heart into the arteries.
Blood pressure is at its highest when the heart beats,
pumping the blood, this is called systolic blood pressure.
When the heart is at rest, between beats, blood pressure falls,
this is diastolic pressure.

7. Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
• Age
• Obesity
• Exercise
• Illness
• Medications (Corticosteroids)
• Bleeding
• Burns
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Medications (beta blockers)
Hypertension = high B.P. Hypotension = low B.P.

8. Sites for Measuring Blood Pressure
1. Upper arm ,brachial artery (commonest)
2. Fore –arm ,radial artery
3. Thigh ,popliteal artery
4. Leg ,posterior tibial

9. Blood pressure = systolic pressure / diastolic pressure.
The normal BP is 120/ 80 mmHg.

10. Equipment & Methods
Equipment :
• Stethoscope
• Sphygmomanometer
Methods :
1- Auscultatory method : measure Systolic & diastolic B.P.
Use: Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
2- Palpatory method : measure Systolic B.P. only
Use: only sphygmomanometer.

11. Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer

12. Types of Sphygmomanometer

13. Procedure

14. Procedure

15. Any Question?

16. Thank You …

17. Write the name of this sites !

18. Enumerate Sites for Assessing
Temperature