This document discusses fricative consonants and their distinctive features. It provides information on 9 fricatives: /f, v, s, z, ?, ?, h, S, Z/. For each sound, details are given on place and manner of articulation, developmental milestones, frequency of occurrence, and their specification for 10 distinctive features. The document also covers phonological processes involving fricatives and provides analyses of each fricative sound.

1. Title: Fricatives
1. Fricatives
 /s, z, f, v, h/
 /?, ? , ?, ? /
 http//www.uiowa.edu/acadtech/phonetics/about.htm
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 Which are voice?
 Which are anterior?
 Which are continuant?
 Which are coronal?
2. /s, z, f, v, h, ?, ?, ?, ?/distinctive features
 Which are voice?
 Which are anterior?
 Which are continuant?
 Which are coronal?
 Which are strident?
 Which are rounded?
 Which are low?
3. /s, z, f, v, h, ?, ?, ?, ?/placement
 Which are alveolar?
 Which are palatal?
 Which are interdental?

2.  Which are glottal?
 Which are labiodental?
4. Fricatives
 What is a voiceless labiodentalfricative?
 What is a voiced interdentalfricative?
 What is a voiced alveolar fricative?
 What is a voiceless palatal fricative?
 What is a voiceless glottal fricative?
5. Distinctive Feature analysis
 -Vocalic -Rounded
 Consonantal-Distributed
 -Sonorant-Nasal
 -Coronal -Lateral
 -Anterior Continuant
 -High -Tense
 Low -Voiced
 -Back -Strident
6. Distinctive Feature analysis
 -Vocalic -Rounded
 Consonantal-Distributed
 -Sonorant-Nasal

3.  Coronal -Lateral
 Anterior Continuant
 High -Tense
 -Low Voiced
 -Back Strident
7. Phonological processes affecting fricatives
 Weak syllable deletiontennis?
 Final consonant deletionbath?
 Initial consonant deletionhorse?
 Cluster reductionstuck?
 Stoppingvacuum?
 Assimilation
 Regressive assimilation of stop sick?
 Progressive assimilation of labial bun?
8. /f/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 4.0
 Initial, medial and final positions at 3.0
 Description
 Voiceless labiodentalfricative
 Frequencyof occurrence
 15/24 of consonants

4. 9. Distinctive features
 Vocalic Rounded
 ConsonantalDistributed
 SonorantNasal
 Coronal Lateral
 Anterior Continuant
 High Tense
 Low Voiced
 Back Strident
10. /v/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 8.0
 Initial 6.0, medial 4.0, and final position at
6.0
 Description
 Voiced labiodentalfricative
 Frequencyof occurrence
 14/24 of consonants
11. /T/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 7.0
 Initial, medial and final at 6.0

5.  Description
 Voiceless interdentalfricative
 theta
 Frequencyof occurrence
 20/24 of consonants
12. Distinctive Feature
 -Vocalic -Rounded
 Consonantal-Distributed
 -Sonorant-Nasal
 Coronal -Lateral
 Anterior Continuant
 -High Tense
 -Low -Voiced
 -Back -Strident
13. /D/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 8.0
 Initial at 6.0, medial and final at 7.0
 Description
 Voiced interdental fricative
 eth
 Frequencyof occurrence
 9/24 of consonants

6. 14. /s/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 8.0
 Initial at 4.0, medial at 3.6 and final at 4.6
 Description
 Voiceless alveolar fricative
 Frequencyof occurrence
 5/24 of consonants
15. /z/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 8.0
 Initial at 7.0, medial at 3.6 and final at 7.0
 Description
 Voiced alveolar fricative
 Frequencyof occurrence
 7/24 of consonants
16. Distinctive Features
 -Vocalic -Rounded
 Consonantal-Distributed
 -Sonorant-Nasal
 Coronal -Lateral
 Anterior Continuant

7.  High -Tense
 -Low Voiced
 -Back Strident
17. /S/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 7.0
 Initial at 4.0, medial at 4.6 and final at 4.0
 Description
 Voiceless palatal fricative
 esh
 Frequencyof occurrence
 21/24 of consonants
18. Distinctive Features
 -Vocalic -Rounded
 ConsonantalDistributed
 -Sonorant-Nasal
 Coronal -Lateral
 -Anterior Continuant
 High Tense
 -Low -Voiced
 -Back Strident
19. /Z/

8.  Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 8.6
 Initial and medial at 7.0 final at 7.0
 Description
 Voiced palatal fricative
 /EZ/
 Frequencyof occurrence
 24/24 of consonants
20. /h/
 Developmental data
 90 mastery at age 3.0
 Initial and medial at 3.0
 Description
 Voiceless glottal fricative
 Frequencyof occurrence
 13/24 of consonants
21. Distinctive Features
 -Vocalic -Rounded
 Consonantal-Distributed
 -Sonorant-Nasal
 -Coronal -Lateral
 -Anterior Continuant
 -High -Tense

9.  Low -Voiced
 -Back -Strident
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