The document defines and provides examples of key vocabulary terms related to African independence: - Independence is defined as a country becoming free and citizens controlling their own government. Examples given include the French and American Revolutions and independence movements in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. - Nationalism is defined as a strong sense of national pride that can lead to independence. Examples include the ANC in South Africa and nationalist movements in America and Mexico. - Pan-Africanism is defined as a movement calling for unity and independence among all African nations. Examples discussed include Pan-African Congresses and the African Union. The document contrasts these terms with examples of non-independence or lack of unity.

1. African
Independence
Vocabulary
KENYA SOUTH NIGERIA
AFRICA

2. Definition Example
Non-example Picture or Last Word

3. SS7H1 The student will analyze
continuity and change in Africa leading
to the 21st century.
a. Explain how the European partitioning across Africa
contributed to conflict, civil war, and artificial
political boundaries.
b. Explain how nationalism led to independence in
South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.
c. Explain the creation and end of apartheid in South
Africa and the roles of Nelson Mandela and F.W.de
Klerk.
d. Explain the impact of the Pan-African movement.

4. Independence
(definition)
• Becoming a free country
• When the citizens or natives of a country
are in control of their government

5. Independence
(examples)
• French Revolution – freedom from the monarchy
(rule by one person, like a king)
• American Revolution – freedom from British rule
• War of Mexican Independence – freedom from
Spanish rule
• Kenyan rebellion – violent rebellion against colonial
rule, Jomo Kenyatta & the Mau Mau
• Nigerian - peaceful independence movement
• South Africa - independent from British in 1961, but
non-whites did not have equal rights (Apartheid)

6. Independence
(non-examples)
• colonial rule – of Africa, the
Americas
• Dictatorships - ex. Saddam
Hussein (Iraq), Omar Bashir
(Sudan)

7. Nationalism
(definition)
• When people of a country have a strong
sense of pride or patriotism.
• Nationalism can also lead to members of a
country gaining their independence, freeing
themselves from colonialism or unjust rulers.
South Africa

8. Nationalism
(examples)
• African National Congress -
called for equal rights for non-white
Africans, led to the end of Apartheid
• American colonies fighting the British
• Miguel Hildago’s call to resist the Spanish -
led to Mexican independence
• Nazi Germany - rise of Nazi party & Hitler
• Russian revolution against the Czar

9. Non-examples
• Some African tribal leaders - bribed (for
money, land, power) by colonial rulers
to help them
• Tory party members - Americans loyal
to the British empire & didn’t want the
U.S. to be independent

10. Pan-Africanism
• A movement beginning in the
late 1800s
• Points out the common bond African
people share
• Encouraged unity among African people
• Called for the independence of ALL African
nations

11. Pan-Africanism
"The Red, Black, and Green”
this flag symbolizes the struggle for the
unification and liberation of African people.
• "red" stands for the blood that unites all
people of African ancestry
• "black" represents the color of the skin
of the people of Africa
• "green" stands for the rich land of Africa.

12. Pan-Africanism (examples)
1. Pan-African Congress
– five meetings held b/w 1919-1945
– called for an end to colonial rule and
racial discrimination
– demanded human rights and equality of
economic opportunity for Africans

13. W. E. B. Du Bois

14. Pan-Africanism (examples)
2. African Union (AU)
– organization of 53 African states established in
2002 from similar Organization of Afrian Union
that started in 1963
– Wants all Africans to have rights and
democracy
– Raise the living standards of all Africans
– Settles fights between members – not through
fighting but rather peaceful and diplomatic
negotiation.
– http://www.africa-union.org/

16. Pan-Africanism
(non-examples)
• Civil war in Sudan
• Apartheid – blacks in South Africa did
not have the same rights as whites
• Rwanda – civil war b/w Hutu & Tutsi
(ethnic groups)

17. What did you learn?
1. What is the difference between
nationalism and Pan-Africanism?

18. You have two choices for your
final box…
1. You can draw a picture/illustration that
shows the meaning of each vocabulary
word.
• It must be accurate
• It must be neat
• You must take your time
2. Complete a last word summary for each
vocabulary word
• See the board for example