The document outlines the concept of disasters, categorizing them as natural or man-made, and describes various types and effects of disasters on health and society. It emphasizes the importance of disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, introducing the principles of disaster management and the roles of healthcare professionals in mitigating impacts. Furthermore, it highlights community involvement, resource allocation, and the necessity for coordinated responses to efficiently manage casualties and provide care.

1. By DEEPKA K V
1ST YEAR M.Sc NURSING

3.  D: DESTRUCTION
 I : INCIDENTS
 S: SUFFERING
 A: ADMINISTRATIVE FAILURE
 S: SENTIMENTS
 T: TRAGEDIES
 E: ERUPTION OF VOLCANO
 R: RESEARCH

4.  DISASTER IS SUDDEN CATASTROPHIC EVENTS THAT DISRUPT
PATTERN OF LIFE AND IN WHICH THERE IS POSSIABLE LOSS OF
LIFE AND PROPERTY AND ADDITION TO MULTIPLE INJURIES.

5.  “AN OCCURANCE OF A SEVERITY AND MAGNITUDE THAT
NORMALLY RESULTS IN DEATHS, INJURIES AND PROPERTY
DAMAGE AND THAT CANNOT BE MANAGED THROUGH THE
ROUTINE PROCEDURES AND RESOURCES OF THE
GOVERNMENT. IT USUALLY DEVELOPS SUDDENLY AND
UNEXPECTEDLY AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATED COORDINATED
AND EFFECTIVE RESPONSE BY MULTIPLE GOVERNMENT AND
PRIVATE SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS
AND SPEEDY RECOVERY.”
-FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

6.  “AS OCCURANCE, EITHER NATURAL OR MAN MADE THAT CAUSES
HUMMAN SUFFERING THAT VICTIM’S CANNOT ALLEVIATE WITHOUT
ASSISTANCE.”
-THE AMERICAN RED CROSS
 “ANY OCCURANCE THAT CAUSES DAMAGE AND ECOLOGICAL
DISRUPTION LOSS OF HUMAN LIFE, DETERIORATION OF HEALTH
SERVICES ON A SCALE SUFFICENT TO WARRANT AN
EXTRAORDINARY RESPONSE FROM OUTSIDE THE AFFECTED
COMMUNITY OR AREA.”
-WORLD HEALTH
ORGANISATION

7.  “AS THE ADAPTATION OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING SKILLS IN
RECOGNIZING AND MEETING THE NURSING, PHYSICAL AND
EMOTIONAL NEEDS RESULTING FROM A DISASTER. THE
OVERALL GOAL OF DISASTER NURSING IS TO ACHIEVE THE
BEST POSSIABLE LEVEL OF HEALTH FOR THE PEOPLE AND THE
COMMUNITY INVOLVED IN THE DISASTER.”

8. MAINLY THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF DISASTER
 NATURAL
 MAN MADE

9.  METEROLOGICAL DISASTER: STORM, HAIL STORM, TORNADO.
 TYPOLOGICAL DISASTER: AVALANCH, LAND SLIDE
 TELLURIC ANE TEUTONIC DISASTER: EARTHQUAKE, TESUNAMI.
 BIOLOGICAL: EPIDEMICS

10.  CIVIL DISTURBANCE
 WERFAIR
 NON CONVENTION WAREFARE
 REFUFEES
 ACCIDENTS
 TECHNOLOGICAL FAILURE

11.  DIRECTELY DUE TO IMPACT OF DEOWINING DURING FLOODS,
INJURIES DUE TO EARTH QUAKE.
 DUE TO DELAY IN EVACUATION.
 DUE TO NON AVAILABILITY OR INADEQUATE IMMEDIATE
MEDICAL CARE.
 DUE TO DISORGANISATION OR NONAVAILABILITY OF CENTERS
FOR ADVANCED MEDICAL CARE.
 DUE TO DELAY IN TRANSPORTATION TO ADVANCED MEDICAL
CARE.

12.  POPULATION DENSITY.
 POPULATION DIDPLACEMENT
 DISRUPTIONOF PRE ECISTING FACILITIES.
 DISRUPTION OF NORMAL HEALTH PROGRAMES
 INCREASED VECTOR BREEDING
 CLIMATE EXPOSURE
 INADEQUACY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION

13.  INJURIES
 EMOTIONAL STREES
 EPIDERMIC OF DISEASE
 INCREASE IN INDGENOUS DISEASE

14.  USE OF MASK, RUBBER GLOVES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING WHILE
CARING OR HANDILING SUCH VICTIMS BY ALL PERSONALS
 QUICK REMOVAL OF VICTIMES TO UNCONTAMINATED AREA.
 SUSTENACE OF BREATHING THROUGH ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATOR.
 THEREAFTER REMOVAL OF CLOTHING.
 DECONTAMINATE THE EYE AND SKIN KEEPING IN MIND THE
CHEMICAL USED

15. EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
MITIGATION
PREPAREDNESS
RESPONSE
RECOVERY

17.  DISASTER RESPONSE
 DISASTER PREPADENESS
 DISASTER MITIGATION

18.  SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN LIVES.
 AVOIDING DEATH AND INJURIES TO HUMAN LIVES.
 SUSTAINABILITY RELATED TO LIVELIHOOD, SOCIOECONOMIC,
CULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT.

19.  MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR LARGE NUMBER OF CASUALITIES IS
LIKELY TO BE NEEDED ONLY AFTER CERTAIN DISASTER.
 MOST INJURIES SUSTAIN DURING THE IMPACT,AMD THUS THE
GREATEST NEED FOR EMERGENCY CARE OCCURS IN FIRST FEW
HOURS.
 THE MANAGEMENTS OF MASS CASUALITIESCAN BE FURTHER
DIVIDED IN TO THE FOLLOWING
1) SEARCH AND RESCUE
2) FIRST AID
3)TRIAGE AND STABILIZATION OF VICTIMS.
4) HOSPITAL TREATMENT
5) REDISTRIBUTION OF PATIENTS TO OTHER HOSPITALS.

20.  THE NEED FOR SEARCH, RESCUE AND FIRST AID IS LIKELY TO
BE HIGH AFTER A MAJOR DISASTER.
 ORGANISED RELIEF SERVICE WILL BE ABLE TO MEET ONLY A
SMALL FRACTION OF THE DEMAND.
 MOST IMMEDIATE HELP COME FROM THE UNINJURED.

21.  MOSTLY INJURED PERSONS CONVERGE SPONTANEOUSLY TO
HEALTH FACILITIES.
 HEALTH CARE SERVICE RESOURCES BE REDIRECTED TO THE
NEW PRIORITY.
 MAXIMIZE THE BED FACILITY AND SURGICAL SERVICES.
 PROVISON FOR FOOD AND SHELTER.
 A CENTER TO BE ESTABLISHED TO RESPOND TO INQUIRES
FROM PATIENTS RELATIVES AND FRIENDS.
 VICTIM’S IDENTIFICATION AND ADEQUATE MORTUARY SPACE
TO BE PROVIDED.

22.  QUANTITY AND SEVERITY OF INJURIES OVERWHELM THE
OPERATIVE CAPACITY OF HEALTH FACILITIES, A DIFFERENT
APPROACH TO MEDICAL TREATMENT MUST BE ADOPTED.
 “FIRST CAME, FIRST TREATED” IS NOT FOLLOWED IN A MASS
EMERGENCIES.
 TRIAGE CONSIST OF RAPIDELY CLASSIFING THE INJURED ON
THE BASIS OF THE SEVERITY OF THEIR INJURIES.

23.  ALL PATIENTS SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED WITH TAGS STRATING
THEIR NAME, AGE, PLACE OF ORIGINE, TRIAGE
CATEGORY,DIAGNOSIS AND INITIAL TREATMENT.

24.  TAKING CARE OF THE DEAD IS ALSO AN PART OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT.
 LARGE NUMBER OF DEAD CAN IMPEDE THE EFFIENCY OF THE
RESCUE ACTIVITIES.
 CARE OF DEAD INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
1) REMOVAL OF THE DEAD FROM THE DISASTER SCENE.
2) SHIFTING TO MORTUARY.
3) IDENTIFICATION.
4) RECEPTION OF BEREAVED RELATIVES.
PROPER RESPECT TO THE DEAD IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE.

25.  BEGINS WHEN ASSISTANCE FROM OUTSIDE STARTS TO REACH.
 THE TYPE AND QUALITY OF THE HUMANITARIAN RELIEF ARE
USUALLY DETERMINED BY TWO MAIN FACTORS
1) TYPE OF DISASTER.
2) TYPE AND QUANTITY OF SUPPLIES AVAILABLE.
 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS IN MANAGING THE HUMANITARIAN
SUPPLIES:
1) ACQUISITION OF SUPPLIES.
2) TRANSPORTATION.
3) STORAGE.
4) DISTRIBUTION.

26.  VACCINATION
 NUTRITION

27.  IT INVOLVES MEASURES DESIGNED EITHER TO PREVENT
HAZARDS FROM CAUSING EMERGEMCY OR LESSEN THE LIKELY
EFFECTS OF EMERGENCY.
 THIS INCLUDES FLOOD MITIGATION WORKS, APPROPRIATE
LAND USE PLANNING, IMPROVED BUILDING CODES AND
REDUCTION OR PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE POPULATION
AND STRUCTURES.

28.  “IT IS A PROGRAMME OF LONG TERM DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITIES WHOSE GOALS ARE TO STRENGTHEN THE OVERALL
CAPACITY AND CAPABILITY OF A COUNTRY TO MANAGE
EFFICIENTLY ALL TYPES OF EMERGENCY. IT SHOULD BRING
ABOUT AN ORDERLY TRANSITION FROM RELIEF THROUGH
RECOVERY, AND BACK TO SUSTAINED DEVELOPMENT.”

29.  THE OBJECTIVES OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IS TO ENSURE
THAT APPROPRIATE SYSTEMS, PROCEDURES AND RESOURCES
ARE IN PLACE TO PROVIDE PROMPT EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE TO
DISASTER VICTIMES, THUS FACILITATES RELIEF MEASURES AND
REHABILITATION.

30.  THE MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY HAVE THE MOST TO
LOOSE FROM BEING VULNAREABLE AND THE MOST TO GAIN
FROM AN EFFICTIVE AND APPROPRIATE EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS.
 FIRST RESPONSE TO AN EMERGENCY COME FROM WITHIN THE
COMMUNITY.
 THE RESOURSES ARE MOST EASELY POOLED AT THE
COMMUNITY LEVEL.
 SUSTAINED DEVELOPMENT WITH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION.

31.  IT IS THE FORMAL STATEMENT OF A COURSE OF ACTION.
 FUNCTIONS OF POLICY:
1) ESTABLISH LONG TERM GOALS.
2) ASIGN RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ACHIEVING GOALS.
3) ESTABLISH RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES.
4) DETERMINE CRITERIA FOR DECISION MAKING.

32.  DO NOT USE THE TELEPHONE, EXCEPT TO CALL FOR HELP, SO
AS TO LEAVE TELEPHOINE LINES FREE FOR RESPONSE.
 LISTEN THE MESSAGE BROADCASTED BY THE RADIO AND THE
VARIOUS MEDIA.
 CARRY OUT THE OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN OVER THE
RADIO OR BY LOUD SPEAKER.
 KEEP AN FAMILY EMERGENCY KIT READY.

33.  PROMPT AND COORDINATED EFFORT IN WHICH THE PEOPLE
AND MATERIAL IS PROPERLY USED.
 KNOW THE RESOURCES.
 COORDINATE WITH NGO AND VOLUNTARY AGENCIES.
 SELF HELP
 DISASTER MAPPING
 HELP VILLAGE LEADERS TO PREPARE A DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS PLAN.
 PLAN THE RELIEF MEDICAL SERVICES.

34.  DISSEMINATE INFORMATION ON THE PREVENTION AND
CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS.
 INTERPRET HEALTH LAW AND REGULATION.
 SERVE YOURSELF OF SELF SERVIVAL.
 ACCEPT DIRECTION AND TAKE ORDERS FROM THE ORGANIZED
AUTHORITY.
 SERVE THE BEST OF THE MOST.
 TEACH THE MEANING OF THE WARNING SIGNALS.
 EXERCISE LEADERSHIP.
 REFER TO APPROPRIATE AGENCY.

35. PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS
 3 DAY WATER SUPPLY
 ONE CHANGE OF CLOTHING AND BLANKET PER
PERSON
 A FIRST AID KIT
 EMERGENCY TOOLS
 CANDLE AND MATCHBOX
 SANITATION SUPPLY
 SPECIAL ITEAMS FOR INFANTS ELDERLY AND
DISABLED
 AN EXTRA PAIR OF EYE GLASSES
PROFESSIONAL
PREPAREDNESS
 COPY OF PROFESSIONAL LICENCE.
 PERSONAL EQUIPMENT LIKE STETHSCOPE.
 FLASH LITE AND EXTRA BATTERIES.
 CASH.
 WARM CLOTHING AND JACKET.
 RECORD KEEPING MATERIALS.
 POKETSIZE REFERANCE BOOK.

36. THERE ARE 8 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT:
 PREVENT THE OCCURANCE WHENEVER POSSIBLE.
 MINIMIZE THE NUMBER OF CASUALITIES.
 PREVENT FURTHER CASUALITIES FROM OCCURING AFTER INITIAL
IMPACT.
 RESCUE THE VICTIMES.
 PROVIDE FIRST AID TO THE INJURED.
 EVACUATE THE INJURED TO THE MEDICAL FACILITY.
 PROVIDE DEFINITIVE MEDICAL CARE.
 PROMOTE RECONSTRUCTION OF LIVE.

37.  ARRANGING VOLUNTEER MEDICAL CONSULTANT.
 ESTABLISHING NURSING PRIORITIES AND PLANNING FOR
HEALTH CARE.
 PLANNING APPROPRIATE TRANSFER OF PATIENTS TO
COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES AS NEEDED.
 EVALUATING HEALTH CARE NEEDS.
 ARRANGING FOR SECURE STORAGE OF SUPPLIES.

38.  REQUESTING AND ASSIGNUNG VOLUNTEER STAFF TO
APPROPRIATE DUTIES.
 CONSULTATION WITH FOOD SUPERWISER AND PROVIDE SPEIAL
DIET
 PLANNING AND RECOMMENDATION OF ADEQUATE STAFF AND
FACILITIES.
 ESTABLISHING LINES OF COMMUNICATION.
 ARRANGING WITH THE MASS CARE SUPERVISOR FOR THE
PURCHASE AND REPLACEMENT OF ESSENTIAL PRISCRIPTION.

39. THANK YOU