The document discusses several techniques for framing and composing photographs, including the rule of thirds, Fibonacci spiral, leading lines, point of view, filling space, background, and rule of odds. The rule of thirds involves placing subjects or horizons along the intersecting points of an imaginary three-by-three grid overlaid on the frame. The Fibonacci spiral and leading lines are used to guide the viewer's eye through the photograph. Point of view, filling space, background, and odd numbers of subjects are other compositional techniques that can enhance visual appeal and direct attention.

1. Framing and Composition of a
Picture

2. Rule of thirds
• The rule of thirds is the standard for framing and
composing an image.
• Applying the rule of thirds to a picture involves using
the cameras in-build grid lines. The focus of the photo
is often placed on where the gridlines cross each other.
In addition to this horizons are placed on horizontal
lines and vertical lines are used for framing up faces.
• This gives the photo a sense of story to a picture by
often revealing more to the picture.
• The idea is that an off-centre composition is more
pleasing to the eye and looks more natural than one
where the subject is placed right in the middle of the
frame.

3. Fibonacci Spiral
• The Fibonacci spiral is a more complex and artistic
form of the rule of thirds. Many say that this type of
composition is superior to the rule of thirds.
• It is comprised of different sized squares with one
line leading in a spiral.
• This is used to tell a story in the picture. The line
going through the picture is where the eye should
be lead through the picture. Where the spiral ends
is usually the main subject of the picture.
• More than one spiral can be used in a picture.

4. Leading Lines
• Leading lines are used to guide the eye and often
make the picture more pleasing overall.
• A leading line provides a path for the eye to follow
through different elements of a photo. Usually they
start at the bottom of the frame and guide the eye
upwards and inwards, from the foreground of the
image to the background, typically leading toward
the main subject.
• The lines are usually straight or diagonal.

5. Point of View
• The point of view at which the subject is taken is usually in three
main places: birds eye, eye level, worms eye.
• The view point is used to give power or diminish a subject. This is
often used in films as well.
• By using a worms eye view the subject looks over the camera and
makes them appear big, thus giving them power and importance
over the person viewing.
• By using the birds eye view it diminishes the subject by making
them appear small, thus presenting the as weak and scared.
• By using eye level view it puts the subject and the viewer on the
same level giving them the same ground feel.
• Different points of view can be used in interesting ways as well. By
taking photos low down it can exaggerate the size of things often
associated with being small, and vis-versa with things being small
that are actually big.

6. Filling Space
• Filling the shot with content can add drama and
overall meaning to a photograph.
• It is used to convey the fullness of the space or the
feeling of the environment you are shooting.
• Using the entire space can also enhance the variety
of colours that may be in a shot.
• Another use of filling space is to concentrate on a
large amount of detail.

7. Background
• Paying attention to the background of a picture is very important.
If the background is cluttered or if something is interrupting the
main subject of the image it can lead the eye astray from the main
focus of the image.
• Keeping the background similar to the main focus is very helpful as
it will follow along with the image.
• Depth of field is used to maintain focus on the background.
Shallow depth of field will produce a lot of bokeh, usually at F1.8
on the cameras aperture settings, This will blur the background of
the image and pull all the attention to what is in focus. This is
usually used when taking photos of people or animals. Using a
deep depth of field is used to include everything in focus, usually
around F13, this means that the background and foreground will
be in focus meaning that you need to be carful as to what is in the
background. This is usually used for landscapes.

8. Rule of Odds
• This rule states that images are more visually appealing
when there is an odd number of subjects.
• This is because of the positioning of the objects always
means that one the things is going to be in the middle,
centring the image and drawing the viewers eye to the
middle object, making the photo more interesting. If
there are an even number of objects there is often
space and the photo will sometimes bore people faster
than if there was an odd number of objects. The photo
seems unbalanced and can put people looking at it for
longer.