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Objectives
• explain the important features of foundations of
education;
• specify the role of educational thinker in
education;
• appreciate the philosophical, psychological,
foundations of education;
• discuss the modes of education;
• discuss historical development of education in
Pakistan;
• evaluate the issues and problems of education.
Islamic Foundations of Education
• The Holy Quran: The last divine book revealed
in 23 Years, 7 Months and 18 Days.
• Hadith: Hadith derives its authority and
validity from Holy Quran.
Types of Sunnah
A. Qauli ‫قولی‬ (verbal)
B. Taqriri ‫ی‬‫(تقریر‬Approval)
C. Faili ‫(فعلی‬Actions)
Islamic Foundations of Education
• The Holy Quran: The last divine book revealed
in 23 Years, 7 Months and 18 Days.
• Hadith: Hadith derives its authority and
validity from Holy Quran.
Types of Sunnah
A. Qauli ‫قولی‬ (verbal)
B. Taqriri ‫ی‬‫(تقریر‬Approval)
C. Faili ‫(فعلی‬Actions)
Islamic Foundations of Education
• Fiqh (
‫فقہ‬
) :
 A. Having the knowledge of the rulings of Shariah
(Islamic Law) which are extracted from the
legislative sources.
 B. All the Islamic laws. This definition is
synonymous to the term Shariah.
The Sources of Islamic Law
• The Qur’an,
• Sunnah,
• Ijma as Sahabah (consensus of the Companions)
and
• Qiyas (analogical deduction)
There are other additional sources such as Muslah-
ul-Mursalah (benefit) or Ijma al Ummah (consensus
of the Ummah) which are not widely accepted.
Steps to Strengthen the Islamic
Foundations of Education
• Substantial material on Islam and ideology of
Pakistan in different programmes, courses and
subjects
• Status of Islamiyat as compulsory subject
• 20 marks awarded to Hafiz e Quran students on
merit
• Inclusion of this foundation in the national
professional standards for teachers as standard
No. 3 i.e. knowledge of Islamic ethical values and
social life skills.
Philosophical Foundations of
Education
Philosophy:
“philos” meaning “love”
and
“sophi” meaning “wisdom.”
Thus, philosophy means the love of wisdom.
Philosophical Foundations of
Education
Philosophy:
“philos” meaning “love”
and
“sophi” meaning “wisdom.”
Thus, philosophy means the love of wisdom.
Philosophies
Description
Goal of Education Use education to help solve significant social problems to create a
more effective democratic society
Nature of Curriculum Learner-centered curriculum
Role of Teachers Facilitator, guide
Role of Students Problem-solvers/ critical thinkers, socially oriented
Teaching Method Problem-based learning, cooperative learning, community-based
learning, dialogue/ debate
Subject Taught Politics, Economics, Religion, History (controversial issues)
Psychological Foundations of
Education
• Terms to Focus
Learning
Maturation
Growth
Development
Individual differences
Special children
• Gifted and talented
• (a) Physically handicapped
• (b) Blind
• (c) Hearing Impaired children
• (d) Mentally retarded
Learning and development theories
Instructional strategies
Learning Theories
• Classical conditioning
– In classical conditioning, we produce the same
response from an artificial stimulus instead of a
natural stimulus by the process of conditioning.
Example of Slava, punishment at the time of
attendance by the teacher, conducive learning
environment
• Operant conditioning
– Positive response from the student is strengthened by
rewarding it. Example student perform well in a class.
Types of Development
• Physical
• Intellectual/ Cognitive
• Psycho-social
• Moral
Stages of Physical Development
• Prenatal
• Infancy
• Childhood
• Puberty
• Adolescence
• Adulthood
Stages of Cognitive Development by
Jean Piaget
• Sensori-motor stage (0-2 years)
• Pre-operational stage (2-7 years)
• Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
• Formal operational stage (11 and onward)
Stages of Psycho-social Theory by
Erikson
Socio-Economic Foundations of
Education
• Society
• Culture
• Social Conditions and Education
• Economic Conditions and Education
• Politics and Education
Aims of Education
• Aims
• Goals
• Objectives
Types of Educational Objectives (Orenstein, 1990)
Program Objectives
Course Objectives
Classroom Objectives
• SLOs (Student Learning Outcomes)
Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
• Cognitive Domain by Bloom (1956);
• Affective Domain by Wrath Wohl (1964);
• Psychomotor Domain by Simpson (1972)
Anita Harrow’s Taxonomy
(Psychomotor Domain)
Historical Development of Education in
Pakistan
Trends in Education
• Expectations from Education Envisioned in
1959 Commission
Role of education in increasing productivity
• Vocationalization
• Focus on science and technology
• Curriculum leading to inventions and innovations
Role of Education in the Modernization of
Pakistani Society
• Education should be compatible with latest trends and
requirements
• Self-sufficiency in food
• Economic growth and full employment.
• Social and national integration.
• Political development of democracy
 Development of physical resources.
 Development of human resources.
Education for International
Understanding
• Obstructions in the way of international
understandings
• Physical barriers
• Political barriers
• Economic barriers
• Religious barriers
• Linguistics barriers
• Psychological barriers
Modes of Education
Problems and Issues of Education in
Pakistan
UPE
Literacy
Population education
Environmental education
Female education
Islamization of education
Discipline on campus
Special education
Drug education
Foundations of Education 831 -Review of Islamic Foundations of Education - Dr. Zaheer Ahmad.pptx

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Foundations of Education 831 -Review of Islamic Foundations of Education - Dr. Zaheer Ahmad.pptx

  • 1.
  • 2. Objectives • explain the important features of foundations of education; • specify the role of educational thinker in education; • appreciate the philosophical, psychological, foundations of education; • discuss the modes of education; • discuss historical development of education in Pakistan; • evaluate the issues and problems of education.
  • 3. Islamic Foundations of Education • The Holy Quran: The last divine book revealed in 23 Years, 7 Months and 18 Days. • Hadith: Hadith derives its authority and validity from Holy Quran. Types of Sunnah A. Qauli ‫قولی‬ (verbal) B. Taqriri ‫ی‬‫(تقریر‬Approval) C. Faili ‫(فعلی‬Actions)
  • 4. Islamic Foundations of Education • The Holy Quran: The last divine book revealed in 23 Years, 7 Months and 18 Days. • Hadith: Hadith derives its authority and validity from Holy Quran. Types of Sunnah A. Qauli ‫قولی‬ (verbal) B. Taqriri ‫ی‬‫(تقریر‬Approval) C. Faili ‫(فعلی‬Actions)
  • 5. Islamic Foundations of Education • Fiqh ( ‫فقہ‬ ) :  A. Having the knowledge of the rulings of Shariah (Islamic Law) which are extracted from the legislative sources.  B. All the Islamic laws. This definition is synonymous to the term Shariah.
  • 6. The Sources of Islamic Law • The Qur’an, • Sunnah, • Ijma as Sahabah (consensus of the Companions) and • Qiyas (analogical deduction) There are other additional sources such as Muslah- ul-Mursalah (benefit) or Ijma al Ummah (consensus of the Ummah) which are not widely accepted.
  • 7. Steps to Strengthen the Islamic Foundations of Education • Substantial material on Islam and ideology of Pakistan in different programmes, courses and subjects • Status of Islamiyat as compulsory subject • 20 marks awarded to Hafiz e Quran students on merit • Inclusion of this foundation in the national professional standards for teachers as standard No. 3 i.e. knowledge of Islamic ethical values and social life skills.
  • 8. Philosophical Foundations of Education Philosophy: “philos” meaning “love” and “sophi” meaning “wisdom.” Thus, philosophy means the love of wisdom.
  • 9. Philosophical Foundations of Education Philosophy: “philos” meaning “love” and “sophi” meaning “wisdom.” Thus, philosophy means the love of wisdom.
  • 11.
  • 12. Description Goal of Education Use education to help solve significant social problems to create a more effective democratic society Nature of Curriculum Learner-centered curriculum Role of Teachers Facilitator, guide Role of Students Problem-solvers/ critical thinkers, socially oriented Teaching Method Problem-based learning, cooperative learning, community-based learning, dialogue/ debate Subject Taught Politics, Economics, Religion, History (controversial issues)
  • 13. Psychological Foundations of Education • Terms to Focus Learning Maturation Growth Development Individual differences Special children • Gifted and talented • (a) Physically handicapped • (b) Blind • (c) Hearing Impaired children • (d) Mentally retarded Learning and development theories Instructional strategies
  • 14. Learning Theories • Classical conditioning – In classical conditioning, we produce the same response from an artificial stimulus instead of a natural stimulus by the process of conditioning. Example of Slava, punishment at the time of attendance by the teacher, conducive learning environment • Operant conditioning – Positive response from the student is strengthened by rewarding it. Example student perform well in a class.
  • 15. Types of Development • Physical • Intellectual/ Cognitive • Psycho-social • Moral
  • 16. Stages of Physical Development • Prenatal • Infancy • Childhood • Puberty • Adolescence • Adulthood
  • 17. Stages of Cognitive Development by Jean Piaget • Sensori-motor stage (0-2 years) • Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) • Concrete operational stage (7-11 years) • Formal operational stage (11 and onward)
  • 18. Stages of Psycho-social Theory by Erikson
  • 19. Socio-Economic Foundations of Education • Society • Culture • Social Conditions and Education • Economic Conditions and Education • Politics and Education
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Aims of Education • Aims • Goals • Objectives Types of Educational Objectives (Orenstein, 1990) Program Objectives Course Objectives Classroom Objectives • SLOs (Student Learning Outcomes)
  • 26. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives • Cognitive Domain by Bloom (1956); • Affective Domain by Wrath Wohl (1964); • Psychomotor Domain by Simpson (1972)
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 30. Historical Development of Education in Pakistan
  • 31. Trends in Education • Expectations from Education Envisioned in 1959 Commission Role of education in increasing productivity • Vocationalization • Focus on science and technology • Curriculum leading to inventions and innovations Role of Education in the Modernization of Pakistani Society • Education should be compatible with latest trends and requirements
  • 32. • Self-sufficiency in food • Economic growth and full employment. • Social and national integration. • Political development of democracy  Development of physical resources.  Development of human resources.
  • 33. Education for International Understanding • Obstructions in the way of international understandings • Physical barriers • Political barriers • Economic barriers • Religious barriers • Linguistics barriers • Psychological barriers
  • 35. Problems and Issues of Education in Pakistan UPE Literacy Population education Environmental education Female education Islamization of education Discipline on campus Special education Drug education