This document outlines the objectives and content of a course on trends in education. The course will examine the role of education in national development, technology, and international understanding. It will discuss education as an investment versus consumption and the relationship between education and economic uplift. Specifically, it will cover human resource development, continuing education, and the importance of technological skills in education. The goal is for students to understand how education must evolve to address the latest trends and needs of society.

1. Foundations of Education (831)
Unit 7: Trends in Education
Dr. Zaheer Ahmad
Course Coordinator

2. Objectives of the Course
• explain the important features of foundations of
education;
• specify the role of educational thinker in education;
• appreciate the philosophical, psychological, foundations
of education;
• discuss the modes of education;
• discuss historical development of education in Pakistan;
• evaluate the issues and problems of education.

3. Objectives of the Unit
• Explain the role of education in national development;
• State the trend of education and consumption;
• Appreciate the importance of human resource
development;
• Specify technology developments and education;
• Describe the concept of continuing education;
• Discuss the significance of education for international
understanding; and
• Describe education and world of work.

4. Expectations from Education
Envisioned in 1959 Commission
• Role of education in increasing productivity
▫ Vocationalization
▫ Focus on science and technology
▫ Curriculum leading to inventions and innovations
• Role of Education in the Modernization of
Pakistani Society
▫ Education should be compatible with latest trends
and requirements

5. Expectations from Education
Envisioned in 1959 Commission
• Role of Education in Promoting Social and
National Integration
• Role of Education Promoting International
Understanding
• Role of Education in synthesizing culture and
scientific values
▫ A scientific outlook must become part of our way
of life and culture

6. Harmony between Science and Culture
• Emphasizes on science and technology

7. Trends in Education

8. Education as Consumption or
Investment
• If we spend money on something and do not
have return of it, it is consumption.
• If we spend money on something and as a return
we have more money or services equal to that it
is investment.

9. Question
• Is education a consumption or an investment?
▫ Education is usually consider consumption if investment is done
on general education.
▫ If one earns a degree and does not justify or is unable use it, it is
consumption. If a female MBBS after graduation does not do the
job for practice and remains at home as housewife it will also be
consider as consumption.
▫ On the other hand, if we justify our degree and perform the role
as educator in order to bring change in the society to promote the
culture of the society or to bring innovations and improvements
in the existing systems it will be considered as investment.
▫ If one utilizes his degree or qualification to earn money and
contribute to the society it will also be consider as investment.
▫ Education and economic development go hand in hand.

10. • Education has become a major source of skills
and trained talent. Indeed, from one point of
view, this is educations’ critical economic role.
• After standardizing for race, gender ability and
other characteristics, it can be shown that, the
higher the level of education a group has, the
higher its earning power will be.

11. • If my hypothesis is correct, it carries radical implications
it implies that ewer steel mills and other big plants
should be built in the so-called underdeveloped
countries, and more invested in the people of those
countries.
• The effects of investment in physical capital depends at
large measure on the intelligence and skills of the people
who use this capital.
• Today it is clear that industrialization and the whole
modernization process cannot proceed with the
development of human resources, and for this a major
investment in education is required.

12. Relationship of Education with
Economic Uplift
• The direct economic impact of education is upon
the quantity and quality of professional skills.
• It also has indirect effects
• Some experts consider general education as
consumption whereas technical education as
investment
• Education requires relatively long term spam for
its return to occur

13. Relationship of Education with
Economic Uplift
• The education system is interlinked with the
socio-economic condition of the country
• The education system is a large consumer of its
own product i.e. teachers, principals
• Education should be compatible with the
technological advancement of the country and
the world as next 10 years almost 30% of the
existing jobs will not be available

14. Education for International
Understanding
• Obstructions in the way of international
understandings
• Physical barriers
• Political barriers
• Economic barriers
• Religious barriers
• Linguistics barriers
• Psychological barriers

15. Human Resource Development
• According to UNDP, human development is the
development ‘of the people’ ‘for the people’ and
‘by the people’. The development of the people
means investing in human capabilities whether
in education or health or skills, so that they can
work productively and creatively. Development
for the people means ensuring that the economic
growth they generate is distributed widely and
fairly.

16. Types of Countries regarding Resources
• Countries which have developed human and
sufficient natural resources (America)
• Countries which developed human resources but
less natural resources (Japan)
• Countries with less developed human resources
but sufficient natural resources (Saudi Arabia)

17. Human Resource Development
• Human resource development is a strong indicator
of the progress and prosperity of a country. If
education is used and directed to impart knowledge,
skills and dispositions needed to perform
professional tasks and assignments of the work
place organization or country is likely to more
productive and economically independent. So one
role of education should be imparting professional
and employability skills that are the requirements
present day world job market.

18. Technological Development in
Education
• There is a correlation between technological
development and right up type of education.
Both of which have impact on each other. Right
type of education results in high quality
developments and advancement. Throughout
the worlds inventions and innovations we see
being used by people or the result of high quality
education.

19. Continue Education
• One who stops learning is left for behind then his
colleagues and compatible people present is the era
of continue education as there are changes,
improvements, innovations in different fields of life.
One cannot afford stop educating himself/ herself.
Continues professional development is the need of
the hour. One has to learn new knowledge, skills and
dispositions to keep himself aware of the updates in
different fields. Thus education continues from
cradle to grave.
• Even one enters into a job one cannot stop learning
new skills and strategies.

20. • The further development of human abilities, after
entrance into employment or voluntary activities. It
includes in-service, upgrading and updating education.
It may be occupational education or training which
further improve careers or personal development.
Continuing education includes study made necessary by
advances in knowledge. Continuing education is
concerned primary with broad personal and professional
development. It includes leadership training and the
improvement of the ability to manage personal,
financial, material and human resources. Most of the
subject matter is at the professional technical and
leadership training level or the equivalent.

21. • Research supports the evidence that those who
follow the continuing education remain
successful throughout there life in their relative
professions.
• Personal example of the course coordinator

22. • Present world guarantees the survival of the
person equipped with latest knowledge and
skills.