Formwok
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•196 views
The document discusses the requirements of good formwork for construction projects. There should be 8 key requirements: 1) Easy removal so it does not damage the concrete surface, 2) Economy by reducing costs through proper design, 3) Strength to withstand loads from concrete, compaction, and curing, 4) Rigidity with minimal deflection of no more than 1/300 of the span for visible surfaces and 1/150 for hidden surfaces, 5) Minimal leakage through tight joints between sections, 6) Smooth surface for easy stripping and a quality finish, 7) Light weight for ease of handling, and 8) Use of quality materials to support the concrete pour and curing process. Proper design and construction are important to meet all
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Bonding old and new concrete
This document summarizes a final year project presentation evaluating factors and remedies for bonding between old and new concrete layers. The presentation examines factors that lead to non-monolithic behavior at interfaces, such as differential stiffness and shrinkage. It also explores factors that affect bond strength, including moisture content, surface roughness, and age difference. Various remedies to strengthen bonding are proposed, including increasing surface roughness, using bonding agents like epoxy and latex, and nailing. Different tests to evaluate bond strength are described, such as bending, direct shear, direct tension, and slant shear tests. The objectives of the project are to evaluate approaches to ensure monolithic behavior and effective bonding between concrete layers.
Design of rcc structures note
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete structures. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The concrete works in compression and steel in tension. Reinforced concrete has advantages like durability and ability to be molded into shapes, but also disadvantages such as high self-weight and brittleness. The document outlines various design methods for reinforced concrete including working stress, ultimate load, and limit state methods. It also discusses loads, structural elements, assumptions, factors of safety, and considerations in limit states of collapse and serviceability.
Ce1302 design of rc elements
This document provides information on reinforced concrete design methods and concepts. It discusses the different types of loads considered in building design, the advantages of reinforced concrete, and disadvantages. It also covers working stress method assumptions, modular ratio definition, and limit state method advantages over other methods. Limit state is defined as a state of impending failure beyond which a structure can no longer function satisfactorily in terms of safety or serviceability.
Formwork
INDEX
Defination of Form work
Necessity of Form work
Requirements
Types of Form work
Fibre Shuttering
What is Form work ?
Form work is defined as ‘complete system of temporary structure build to contain fresh concrete so as to form it the required shape and dimensions and to support it until it hardens sufficiently to become self-supporting’
It is also known as shuttering.
Necessity of Form Work
To give required shape to the concrete.
To ensure stability for dead and live loads such as loads of workmen, equipment, etc.
To prevent exposure to direct sun rays or rain water.
To prevent loss of water.
To ensure easy curing of concrete.
Requirements
A good form work should satisfy the following requirements:
The material of the form work should be cheap and it should be suitable for re-use several times.
It should be practically water proof so that it does not absorb water from concrete.
It should be strong enough to withstand all loads coming on it.
It should be stiff enough so that deflection is minimum.
The form work should rest on non-yielding supports.
Types of shuttering
Timber shuttering
Plywood shuttering
Steel shuttering
Fibre shuttering
Timber Form work
Plywood Form work
Steel Form Work
Timber Form Work:
The Timber shuttering is the most widely used and universally adopted form work material.
It is cheaper, easily available, easy to fix, impact resistant, easy to remove, can be used several number of times, can give large level surface and can be used to obtain any geometrical surface.
Plywood Form Work:
Plywood sheets bounded with synthetic resin adhesive are being widely used now-a-days.
The thickness of ply varies from 3 to 18 mm.
The main advantage is that large panel surfaces are available.
The fixing of forms is rapid and economical.
It does not warp, swell and shrink during the setting of concrete.
Moreover, it has high imapct resistance.
Steel form works are commonly employed for big projects, where the forms are to be repeatedly used.
The steel forms can be easily fabricated and do not require many adjustments as the units are standardized.
Steel form work is very strong. They are easy to assemble, give smooth surface, High strength and impact value, easy centering.
Steel form works are commonly employed for big projects, where the forms are to be repeatedly used.
The steel forms can be easily fabricated and do not require many adjustments as the units are standardized.
Steel form work is very strong. They are easy to assemble, give smooth surface, High strength and impact value, easy centering.
Civil engineering interview question and answers
Top 10 civil engineering interview questions and answers
1) what is the least cover provided for different RCC members.
2) what is the function of a column in the building.
3) what is cement, sand and aggregate ratio in various grades of concrete mix.
4) what do you mean by honeycombing in concrete.
5) what is an initial and final setting time of idea cement mix.
6) what do you know about "TMT".
7) what is the type of cement.
8) what do you mean by M20.
9) what do you mean by characteristics strength of concrete.
10) how do you measure the workability of concrete.
Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCjAb4DOJjs
Visit my website: http://civiconcepts.com/
Free Download this Thumb Rule Visit my Website: http://civiconcepts.com/2019/01/thumb-rules-for-civil-engineers/
Follow MY FACEBOOK PAGE: https://www.facebook.com/civiconcept/
Advantages and disadvantages of Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete has several advantages over reinforced concrete including being more crack-resistant, durable, and requiring smaller cross-sectional areas, allowing for longer spans and easier transport. However, it also has some disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment, advanced technical knowledge, and skilled labor for construction, as well as more expensive prestressing reinforcement bars.
1.0 Introduction To Structure
1. The document discusses different types of forces and loads that act on structures, including tension, compression, shear, dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load.
2. It also describes the characteristics of common primary building materials - timber, bricks, concrete, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and stainless steel.
3. The key materials discussed are timber, which is strong in tension and compression but weak in bending; bricks, which are durable and fire resistant; and concrete and steel, which are very widely used due to their high strength and durability though concrete is weak in tension and steel prone to corrosion.
Recommended
Bonding old and new concrete
This document summarizes a final year project presentation evaluating factors and remedies for bonding between old and new concrete layers. The presentation examines factors that lead to non-monolithic behavior at interfaces, such as differential stiffness and shrinkage. It also explores factors that affect bond strength, including moisture content, surface roughness, and age difference. Various remedies to strengthen bonding are proposed, including increasing surface roughness, using bonding agents like epoxy and latex, and nailing. Different tests to evaluate bond strength are described, such as bending, direct shear, direct tension, and slant shear tests. The objectives of the project are to evaluate approaches to ensure monolithic behavior and effective bonding between concrete layers.
Design of rcc structures note
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete structures. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The concrete works in compression and steel in tension. Reinforced concrete has advantages like durability and ability to be molded into shapes, but also disadvantages such as high self-weight and brittleness. The document outlines various design methods for reinforced concrete including working stress, ultimate load, and limit state methods. It also discusses loads, structural elements, assumptions, factors of safety, and considerations in limit states of collapse and serviceability.
Ce1302 design of rc elements
This document provides information on reinforced concrete design methods and concepts. It discusses the different types of loads considered in building design, the advantages of reinforced concrete, and disadvantages. It also covers working stress method assumptions, modular ratio definition, and limit state method advantages over other methods. Limit state is defined as a state of impending failure beyond which a structure can no longer function satisfactorily in terms of safety or serviceability.
Formwork
INDEX
Defination of Form work
Necessity of Form work
Requirements
Types of Form work
Fibre Shuttering
What is Form work ?
Form work is defined as ‘complete system of temporary structure build to contain fresh concrete so as to form it the required shape and dimensions and to support it until it hardens sufficiently to become self-supporting’
It is also known as shuttering.
Necessity of Form Work
To give required shape to the concrete.
To ensure stability for dead and live loads such as loads of workmen, equipment, etc.
To prevent exposure to direct sun rays or rain water.
To prevent loss of water.
To ensure easy curing of concrete.
Requirements
A good form work should satisfy the following requirements:
The material of the form work should be cheap and it should be suitable for re-use several times.
It should be practically water proof so that it does not absorb water from concrete.
It should be strong enough to withstand all loads coming on it.
It should be stiff enough so that deflection is minimum.
The form work should rest on non-yielding supports.
Types of shuttering
Timber shuttering
Plywood shuttering
Steel shuttering
Fibre shuttering
Timber Form work
Plywood Form work
Steel Form Work
Timber Form Work:
The Timber shuttering is the most widely used and universally adopted form work material.
It is cheaper, easily available, easy to fix, impact resistant, easy to remove, can be used several number of times, can give large level surface and can be used to obtain any geometrical surface.
Plywood Form Work:
Plywood sheets bounded with synthetic resin adhesive are being widely used now-a-days.
The thickness of ply varies from 3 to 18 mm.
The main advantage is that large panel surfaces are available.
The fixing of forms is rapid and economical.
It does not warp, swell and shrink during the setting of concrete.
Moreover, it has high imapct resistance.
Steel form works are commonly employed for big projects, where the forms are to be repeatedly used.
The steel forms can be easily fabricated and do not require many adjustments as the units are standardized.
Steel form work is very strong. They are easy to assemble, give smooth surface, High strength and impact value, easy centering.
Steel form works are commonly employed for big projects, where the forms are to be repeatedly used.
The steel forms can be easily fabricated and do not require many adjustments as the units are standardized.
Steel form work is very strong. They are easy to assemble, give smooth surface, High strength and impact value, easy centering.
Civil engineering interview question and answers
Top 10 civil engineering interview questions and answers
1) what is the least cover provided for different RCC members.
2) what is the function of a column in the building.
3) what is cement, sand and aggregate ratio in various grades of concrete mix.
4) what do you mean by honeycombing in concrete.
5) what is an initial and final setting time of idea cement mix.
6) what do you know about "TMT".
7) what is the type of cement.
8) what do you mean by M20.
9) what do you mean by characteristics strength of concrete.
10) how do you measure the workability of concrete.
Watch Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCjAb4DOJjs
Visit my website: http://civiconcepts.com/
Free Download this Thumb Rule Visit my Website: http://civiconcepts.com/2019/01/thumb-rules-for-civil-engineers/
Follow MY FACEBOOK PAGE: https://www.facebook.com/civiconcept/
Advantages and disadvantages of Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete has several advantages over reinforced concrete including being more crack-resistant, durable, and requiring smaller cross-sectional areas, allowing for longer spans and easier transport. However, it also has some disadvantages such as requiring specialized equipment, advanced technical knowledge, and skilled labor for construction, as well as more expensive prestressing reinforcement bars.
1.0 Introduction To Structure
1. The document discusses different types of forces and loads that act on structures, including tension, compression, shear, dead load, live load, wind load, and seismic load.
2. It also describes the characteristics of common primary building materials - timber, bricks, concrete, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and stainless steel.
3. The key materials discussed are timber, which is strong in tension and compression but weak in bending; bricks, which are durable and fire resistant; and concrete and steel, which are very widely used due to their high strength and durability though concrete is weak in tension and steel prone to corrosion.
Concrete unit 1 (4)
This document discusses the key ingredients and properties of concrete. It begins by listing the main ingredients of concrete as Portland cement, aggregate (sand, gravel, crushed rock), water, and sometimes admixtures. It then explains various properties of cement and concrete, including fineness, soundness, consistency, strength, setting time, and others. It also discusses grades of concrete based on compressive strength, characteristic and design strengths, tensile strength, creep, shrinkage, modulus ratio, Poisson's ratio, durability, unit weight, and uses and advantages/disadvantages of concrete.
Design of Concrete Structure 1
The document discusses properties and testing of concrete. It provides information on the constituents of concrete including cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water. It also discusses properties of concrete and reinforcements, including their relatively high compressive strength and lower tensile strength. Various tests performed on concrete are mentioned, including tests on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fresh/hardened concrete. Design philosophies for reinforced concrete include the working stress method, ultimate strength method, and limit state method.
Design of concrete structure i - ce370
This document provides information about concrete, its ingredients, properties, types of cement, and methods of placing and curing concrete. It discusses that concrete is composed of cement, fine aggregates (sand), coarse aggregates, and water. The main ingredients are cement (usually Portland cement), water, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates. It also outlines some key properties of good concrete including being strong, durable, water tight, workable, and able to resist wear and tear. The document then discusses reinforced concrete and factors affecting the workability and durability of concrete. It concludes with descriptions of different cement types and methods for placing and curing concrete.
Presentation1
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which uses steel that is tensioned to put concrete in compression and increase its strength. There are two main types: pre-tensioned concrete, where steel is tensioned before the concrete is poured; and post-tensioned concrete, where steel is tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Post-tensioned concrete can be bonded or unbonded. Prestressed concrete allows for longer spans, thinner sections, and increased strength over traditional reinforced concrete. It has applications in buildings, bridges, parking structures, and other structures.
Prestress concrete
Prestressed concrete ,post tensioning ,pre tensioning, where normal concrete can not be used and need of more strength is required this type of concrete are used. Metal bars are replaced by the tendoms which are generally used to create tension in concrete. So because of that beam bends in upward direction and when load is applied it come in normal conditon.
Prestressed concrete
Pre-stressed concrete is a combination of steel and concrete that takes advantage of each material's strengths. There are three main types of pre-stressed concrete: pre-tensioned concrete, bonded post-tensioned concrete, and unbonded post-tensioned concrete. Pre-tensioned concrete involves stressing steel reinforcement prior to placing concrete around it, while bonded and unbonded post-tensioned concrete involve stressing steel embedded in cured concrete. Pre-stressing concrete provides benefits like increased strength, reduced cracking and corrosion, and allowing for thinner members. The pre-stressing process requires careful planning and consideration of factors like creep, shrinkage, and stress losses over time.
comparison between Post tensioned slab and conventional slab
This document compares post-tensioned slabs and conventional reinforced concrete slabs. Post-tensioned slabs have tendons tensioned after the concrete sets, allowing for thinner slabs that deflect and crack less than reinforced concrete slabs under load. However, post-tensioned slabs require more skilled labor and specialized equipment during construction. Reinforced concrete slabs are simpler to build but thicker and have higher dead loads than equivalent post-tensioned slabs. The document concludes that post-tensioned slabs are generally more economical for large, heavy construction while reinforced concrete slabs are suitable for smaller projects.
Prestress concrete
this presentation is about prestress concrete structure. this is very effective Technic compare to the reinforcement concrete design.
Prestresses concrete
Prestressed concrete is a method that applies compressive force to reinforced concrete in order to counteract tensile forces. This prevents cracking and allows concrete to be treated as an elastic material. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned before casting, and post-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned after casting using ducts. Prestressed concrete enables longer spans, reduces material usage, and improves durability compared to reinforced concrete. However, it requires higher quality materials and specialized equipment, which increases costs.
Post tension Floor System
Post-tensioning is simply a method of producing prestressed concrete, masonry, and other structural elements. Post-tensioning is a form of prestressing. Prestressing simply means that the steel is stressed (pulled or tensioned) before the concrete has to support the service loads. Most precast, prestressed concrete is actually pre-tensioned-the steel is pulled before the concrete is poured. Post-tensioned concrete means that the concrete is poured and then the tension is applied-but it is still stressed before the loads are applied so it is still prestressed.
Comparison of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
This document compares reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. Reinforced concrete uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to increase its tensile strength. Prestressed concrete applies compression to concrete before loading to counteract tensile stresses when in use. For construction, reinforced concrete requires steel bars and formwork while prestressed concrete uses steel tendons stressed after the concrete reaches strength. Prestressed concrete allows for thinner sections, reduced self-weight, and less deflection compared to reinforced concrete. However, it requires higher quality materials and specialized equipment. In summary, the document outlines the key differences in material composition and behavior between the two composite concrete materials.
Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete is concrete that has had internal stresses introduced to counteract, to the degree desired, the tensile stresses that will be imposed in service. The stress is usually imposed by tendons of individual hard-drawn wires, cables of hard-drawn wires, or bars of high strength alloy steel.
Construction practices aphb
This document provides information on project management and quality control for construction projects. It discusses the project life cycle from planning to implementation and monitoring. It emphasizes the importance of quality control and assurance throughout the different phases of a construction project from design to completion. Key aspects covered include developing a project execution plan, inspection and testing of materials, monitoring construction practices, and evaluating quality. Statistical methods for quality control and factors that can impact the quality of concrete structures are also summarized.
Bc prestressing
1. Pre-stressed concrete uses steel tendons that are tensioned before or after the concrete is poured to put the concrete in compression and improve its strength.
2. There are two main types: pre-tensioned concrete, where tendons are tensioned before the concrete is poured, and post-tensioned concrete, where ducts are cast in and tendons are tensioned after the concrete cures.
3. Advantages of pre-stressed concrete include increased strength, reduced cracking and corrosion, higher span-to-depth ratios, and economic benefits. However, it requires experienced engineers and builders and sections can be brittle.
Prestressed concrete structures
This document discusses prestressed concrete and how it works. Prestressing concrete involves applying a compressive force to concrete before loads are applied in order to reduce or eliminate tensile stresses caused by bending. This is done through either linear prestressing using tensioned steel strands running the length of the member, or circular prestressing using tensioned metal bands around cylindrical structures like tanks. Prestressing concrete allows it to utilize its full compressive strength across the depth of members and results in benefits like smaller member sizes, increased spans, crack resistance, and improved vibration and impact resistance compared to reinforced concrete.
Basic principles krishnamraju
The document discusses building maintenance, common defects, and remedial methods for RCC structures. It describes three main common defects: foundations, walls, and concrete/RCC frames. For foundations, common issues include differential settlement, uplift of shrinkage soil, and dampness. For walls, issues include cracking, dampness penetration, and failure during cyclones. For concrete frames, common problems discussed are seepage/leakage, spalling of concrete, and corrosion of steel reinforcement. The document provides detailed remedial methods and guidelines for investigating and classifying structural damage to determine appropriate restoration methods.
Dr. Subash.T- Module-2_Construction materials
Module-2 Construction Materials - Concrete cracks, Water - Cement ratio, Hydration of Cement, Strength of Concrete
Prestressed concrete
this presentation is all about prestressing in concrete. Recommended for architecture students or anyone who wishes to know the basics
CT 3 +5 prestressing b+
This document discusses prestressed concrete and defines key terms like pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stretching steel tendons before concrete is poured, while post-tensioning stretches steel inserted into hardened concrete. The document covers advantages of prestressing like reduced cracking and member sizes. It also discusses design considerations like prestress losses from shrinkage, creep, and relaxation. Both pretensioning and post-tensioning methods are outlined, along with tendon types like bars, wires, and strands.
Construction quality management plan (Construction Productivity Analysis)
The document discusses quality management in construction projects. It defines quality management as ensuring projects meet requirements and customer needs. Quality management includes quality planning, assurance, and control activities. It also discusses developing a quality management plan to define quality standards and responsibilities. The plan should include quality control reviews, audits, and reports to ensure standards are followed.
Quality Management In Construction
The document discusses quality assurance and quality control concepts in construction projects based on ISO 9001:2008. It outlines a quality management system with four levels - quality manual, procedures, plans, and forms/records. Key elements include defining roles for QA/QC departments in verifying requirements and monitoring activities. Quality control focuses on inspection, monitoring and reducing variation. The presentation provides an example of applying the quality system to a HOYA construction project, with the goal of zero defects and identifying problems before customers.
Getting started with GIS
The basic intention of this presentation is to help the beginners in GIS to understand what GIS is? It is a simple presentation about GIS, i mean an introductory one. Hope anyone finds it useful.
More Related Content
What's hot
Concrete unit 1 (4)
This document discusses the key ingredients and properties of concrete. It begins by listing the main ingredients of concrete as Portland cement, aggregate (sand, gravel, crushed rock), water, and sometimes admixtures. It then explains various properties of cement and concrete, including fineness, soundness, consistency, strength, setting time, and others. It also discusses grades of concrete based on compressive strength, characteristic and design strengths, tensile strength, creep, shrinkage, modulus ratio, Poisson's ratio, durability, unit weight, and uses and advantages/disadvantages of concrete.
Design of Concrete Structure 1
The document discusses properties and testing of concrete. It provides information on the constituents of concrete including cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water. It also discusses properties of concrete and reinforcements, including their relatively high compressive strength and lower tensile strength. Various tests performed on concrete are mentioned, including tests on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and fresh/hardened concrete. Design philosophies for reinforced concrete include the working stress method, ultimate strength method, and limit state method.
Design of concrete structure i - ce370
This document provides information about concrete, its ingredients, properties, types of cement, and methods of placing and curing concrete. It discusses that concrete is composed of cement, fine aggregates (sand), coarse aggregates, and water. The main ingredients are cement (usually Portland cement), water, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates. It also outlines some key properties of good concrete including being strong, durable, water tight, workable, and able to resist wear and tear. The document then discusses reinforced concrete and factors affecting the workability and durability of concrete. It concludes with descriptions of different cement types and methods for placing and curing concrete.
Presentation1
This document discusses prestressed concrete, which uses steel that is tensioned to put concrete in compression and increase its strength. There are two main types: pre-tensioned concrete, where steel is tensioned before the concrete is poured; and post-tensioned concrete, where steel is tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Post-tensioned concrete can be bonded or unbonded. Prestressed concrete allows for longer spans, thinner sections, and increased strength over traditional reinforced concrete. It has applications in buildings, bridges, parking structures, and other structures.
Prestress concrete
Prestressed concrete ,post tensioning ,pre tensioning, where normal concrete can not be used and need of more strength is required this type of concrete are used. Metal bars are replaced by the tendoms which are generally used to create tension in concrete. So because of that beam bends in upward direction and when load is applied it come in normal conditon.
Prestressed concrete
Pre-stressed concrete is a combination of steel and concrete that takes advantage of each material's strengths. There are three main types of pre-stressed concrete: pre-tensioned concrete, bonded post-tensioned concrete, and unbonded post-tensioned concrete. Pre-tensioned concrete involves stressing steel reinforcement prior to placing concrete around it, while bonded and unbonded post-tensioned concrete involve stressing steel embedded in cured concrete. Pre-stressing concrete provides benefits like increased strength, reduced cracking and corrosion, and allowing for thinner members. The pre-stressing process requires careful planning and consideration of factors like creep, shrinkage, and stress losses over time.
comparison between Post tensioned slab and conventional slab
This document compares post-tensioned slabs and conventional reinforced concrete slabs. Post-tensioned slabs have tendons tensioned after the concrete sets, allowing for thinner slabs that deflect and crack less than reinforced concrete slabs under load. However, post-tensioned slabs require more skilled labor and specialized equipment during construction. Reinforced concrete slabs are simpler to build but thicker and have higher dead loads than equivalent post-tensioned slabs. The document concludes that post-tensioned slabs are generally more economical for large, heavy construction while reinforced concrete slabs are suitable for smaller projects.
Prestress concrete
this presentation is about prestress concrete structure. this is very effective Technic compare to the reinforcement concrete design.
Prestresses concrete
Prestressed concrete is a method that applies compressive force to reinforced concrete in order to counteract tensile forces. This prevents cracking and allows concrete to be treated as an elastic material. There are two main methods: pre-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned before casting, and post-tensioning, where tendons are tensioned after casting using ducts. Prestressed concrete enables longer spans, reduces material usage, and improves durability compared to reinforced concrete. However, it requires higher quality materials and specialized equipment, which increases costs.
Post tension Floor System
Post-tensioning is simply a method of producing prestressed concrete, masonry, and other structural elements. Post-tensioning is a form of prestressing. Prestressing simply means that the steel is stressed (pulled or tensioned) before the concrete has to support the service loads. Most precast, prestressed concrete is actually pre-tensioned-the steel is pulled before the concrete is poured. Post-tensioned concrete means that the concrete is poured and then the tension is applied-but it is still stressed before the loads are applied so it is still prestressed.
Comparison of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
This document compares reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. Reinforced concrete uses steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to increase its tensile strength. Prestressed concrete applies compression to concrete before loading to counteract tensile stresses when in use. For construction, reinforced concrete requires steel bars and formwork while prestressed concrete uses steel tendons stressed after the concrete reaches strength. Prestressed concrete allows for thinner sections, reduced self-weight, and less deflection compared to reinforced concrete. However, it requires higher quality materials and specialized equipment. In summary, the document outlines the key differences in material composition and behavior between the two composite concrete materials.
Prestressed concrete
Prestressed concrete is concrete that has had internal stresses introduced to counteract, to the degree desired, the tensile stresses that will be imposed in service. The stress is usually imposed by tendons of individual hard-drawn wires, cables of hard-drawn wires, or bars of high strength alloy steel.
Construction practices aphb
This document provides information on project management and quality control for construction projects. It discusses the project life cycle from planning to implementation and monitoring. It emphasizes the importance of quality control and assurance throughout the different phases of a construction project from design to completion. Key aspects covered include developing a project execution plan, inspection and testing of materials, monitoring construction practices, and evaluating quality. Statistical methods for quality control and factors that can impact the quality of concrete structures are also summarized.
Bc prestressing
1. Pre-stressed concrete uses steel tendons that are tensioned before or after the concrete is poured to put the concrete in compression and improve its strength.
2. There are two main types: pre-tensioned concrete, where tendons are tensioned before the concrete is poured, and post-tensioned concrete, where ducts are cast in and tendons are tensioned after the concrete cures.
3. Advantages of pre-stressed concrete include increased strength, reduced cracking and corrosion, higher span-to-depth ratios, and economic benefits. However, it requires experienced engineers and builders and sections can be brittle.
Prestressed concrete structures
This document discusses prestressed concrete and how it works. Prestressing concrete involves applying a compressive force to concrete before loads are applied in order to reduce or eliminate tensile stresses caused by bending. This is done through either linear prestressing using tensioned steel strands running the length of the member, or circular prestressing using tensioned metal bands around cylindrical structures like tanks. Prestressing concrete allows it to utilize its full compressive strength across the depth of members and results in benefits like smaller member sizes, increased spans, crack resistance, and improved vibration and impact resistance compared to reinforced concrete.
Basic principles krishnamraju
The document discusses building maintenance, common defects, and remedial methods for RCC structures. It describes three main common defects: foundations, walls, and concrete/RCC frames. For foundations, common issues include differential settlement, uplift of shrinkage soil, and dampness. For walls, issues include cracking, dampness penetration, and failure during cyclones. For concrete frames, common problems discussed are seepage/leakage, spalling of concrete, and corrosion of steel reinforcement. The document provides detailed remedial methods and guidelines for investigating and classifying structural damage to determine appropriate restoration methods.
Dr. Subash.T- Module-2_Construction materials
Module-2 Construction Materials - Concrete cracks, Water - Cement ratio, Hydration of Cement, Strength of Concrete
Prestressed concrete
this presentation is all about prestressing in concrete. Recommended for architecture students or anyone who wishes to know the basics
CT 3 +5 prestressing b+
This document discusses prestressed concrete and defines key terms like pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stretching steel tendons before concrete is poured, while post-tensioning stretches steel inserted into hardened concrete. The document covers advantages of prestressing like reduced cracking and member sizes. It also discusses design considerations like prestress losses from shrinkage, creep, and relaxation. Both pretensioning and post-tensioning methods are outlined, along with tendon types like bars, wires, and strands.
What's hot (19)
comparison between Post tensioned slab and conventional slab
comparison between Post tensioned slab and conventional slab
Comparison of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
Comparison of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete
Viewers also liked
Construction quality management plan (Construction Productivity Analysis)
The document discusses quality management in construction projects. It defines quality management as ensuring projects meet requirements and customer needs. Quality management includes quality planning, assurance, and control activities. It also discusses developing a quality management plan to define quality standards and responsibilities. The plan should include quality control reviews, audits, and reports to ensure standards are followed.
Quality Management In Construction
The document discusses quality assurance and quality control concepts in construction projects based on ISO 9001:2008. It outlines a quality management system with four levels - quality manual, procedures, plans, and forms/records. Key elements include defining roles for QA/QC departments in verifying requirements and monitoring activities. Quality control focuses on inspection, monitoring and reducing variation. The presentation provides an example of applying the quality system to a HOYA construction project, with the goal of zero defects and identifying problems before customers.
Getting started with GIS
The basic intention of this presentation is to help the beginners in GIS to understand what GIS is? It is a simple presentation about GIS, i mean an introductory one. Hope anyone finds it useful.
Final Report
This document summarizes Susom Dutta's internship report from his summer internship in 2014 with Larsen & Toubro Construction's Buildings & Factories division in Kolkata. The report provides an introduction to Larsen & Toubro, including its vision, policies, and the Atmosphere residential project in Kolkata that Dutta worked on. It describes his orientation, training in areas like safety and project management, and responsibilities during the execution of the project like surveys, formwork, and use of plant and machinery. Dutta concludes the report by reflecting on what he learned during the internship experience.
A presentation on Formwork
Formwork is a type of board which is used to hold wet concrete till it dries. It is a temporary structure made of wood or steel.
Dams
The document discusses the 10 highest dams in the world, providing details on their location, height, purpose, and other facts. The highest dam is the Rogun Dam in Tajikistan at 335 meters. The second highest is the Nurek Dam in Tajikistan at 300 meters, which is also the largest rock fill dam. The third highest is the Grand Dixence Dam in Switzerland at 285 meters.
Mechanical Compaction of Concrete
This presentation is about the Compaction it's stages, its importance as well as Different types of Vibrators like Surface Vibrator, Beam Screed Vibrator, Roller Screed Vibrator, Plate Vibrator, Table Vibrator, their use, why to vibrate concrete, whats the effect of over vibration using needle vibrator in RCC and conclusion.
Application & Comparison of different Formwork System used within Ind...
The document provides details about the Mivan formwork system used in Indian construction projects. It discusses the components, assembly, procedures, advantages and limitations of the Mivan formwork system. It also compares Mivan formwork components to actual site photos. The document then discusses conventional formwork systems used for foundations, walls, columns, slabs, beams and stairs. It describes the factors that determine the time for removal of formwork. Finally, it discusses potential future work on comparing different formwork systems like Doka, Peri, Coffor and Tabla formwork systems.
Mini project report on pile foundation
The document is a mini project report submitted by 4 students to their professor. It discusses different types of formwork used in construction including traditional timber formwork, engineered formwork systems, reusable plastic formwork, permanent insulated formwork, and flexible formwork. It also discusses the components of stairs including treads, risers, nosings, stringers, and balusters.
Earthquake resistance in buildings
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
Project Manager
The document summarizes the responsibilities of a project manager in 3 areas: functional responsibilities including planning, controlling, implementing and completing projects on time and budget; organizational responsibilities such as understanding the organizational context and resolving conflicts; and team responsibilities like selecting and developing staff, assigning tasks, communicating, providing leadership and motivating the team. It also lists qualities of a good project manager such as integrity, sensitivity, ability to inspire and competence.
Public Private Partnership
Presentation held by Ms. Rozalija Vasilevska as a part of the Public Private Partnership Session at the 8th SEEITA and 7th MASIT Open Days Conference, 14th-15th October, 2010
Development finance impact project
This document discusses Nigeria's infrastructure shortage and investment opportunities. It notes that Nigeria has inadequate infrastructure that inhibits economic growth. Data shows Nigeria has very low global infrastructure rankings, comparable to failed states. Nigeria's infrastructure master plan is estimated to require $2.9 trillion in investments. However, population growth is increasing demand for infrastructure investments. The document argues private investment in infrastructure funds and public-private partnerships could help close Nigeria's huge infrastructure funding gap and facilitate much needed development.
Cqm student study guide
Construction Quality Management (CQM) is a partnered effort between the government and contractor to ensure construction is performed according to plans and specifications, on time, within budget, and safely. The contractor has primary responsibility for quality control through compliance with contract requirements, while the government provides quality assurance through reviews, inspections and tests to ensure the contractor's quality control is effective. CQM aims to be proactive through prevention rather than reactive by relying on inspections to achieve quality, enabling both parties to get the most value from the project.
Public-Private- Partnership Projects - What, Why & How Is Risk Allocated
1) The document discusses risk allocation in public-private partnership (P3) infrastructure projects. It notes that while P3 projects are often touted as beneficial, some studies have found 30% of surveyed P3 projects in the US ended in default or bankruptcy.
2) Improper risk allocation between public and private sectors has been cited as a key reason for failures of some P3 transport projects in London. The document aims to further examine how risks are and should be allocated on P3 projects.
3) Large infrastructure projects inherently carry more risk than smaller projects. The document will analyze typical risks for P3 projects and how to properly assess, manage, and allocate those risks between public and private partners.
Project financing
This document provides an overview of project financing. It discusses that large construction projects are usually sponsored by governments for infrastructure like roads, airports, and power plants. Project financing involves non-recourse loans that are backed by the government but have no clear immediate return. Banks facilitate these large loans by forming syndicates to distribute the risk. The loans are repaid over time through potential revenue streams generated by the project.
Sustainable Construction Role Of Silicon Technology
This document discusses the role of silicone technology in enabling more sustainable construction. It begins by introducing Dow Corning Corporation as a global leader in silicone products. Silicones provide advantages like durability and weather resistance that help buildings last longer. Sustainable design aims to consider environmental, social, and economic impacts. Silicones can help by improving energy efficiency in buildings through better insulation, windows, and facades. They also allow for lighter and more affordable construction materials. The document argues that silicone technologies will be important to address challenges in future mega-cities, through applications like solar energy generation, efficient lighting, passive house insulation, and more. It closes by calling for partnerships between industry, government, and academia to bring sustainable
Public Private Partnership Projects : Genesis and Nemesis
1: A public-private partnership (PPP) is an agreement where a private company provides funding or services for a public sector project in return for financial benefits.
2: In the example economy, most projects with acceptable returns (>15%) are undertaken by private companies, but some socially beneficial projects have returns too low for private investment.
3: To implement important but less profitable projects, the government uses PPPs, improving returns through support to attract private partners who provide management expertise, while the government maintains control and ensures social goals.
The Implementation of QMS in construction industry
The document summarizes a research study on quality management systems (QMS) implementation in the Indian construction industry. It includes an introduction outlining challenges in the industry and past QMS implementations. The objectives are to investigate current QMS status, problems with implementation, and factors for effective improvement. A literature review covers quality management history, definitions, total quality management, and implementation issues. The methodology section describes a questionnaire survey to examine QMS effectiveness, problems, and company performance among Indian construction companies. Key findings from the survey are presented on QMS development, implementation levels of ISO 9001 principles and elements, and barriers to effective implementation.
seminar on BASALT FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
This document is a seminar report submitted by Jerin Johnson to the University of Calicut in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. The report provides a review of basalt fiber reinforced concrete, including the properties, production process, advantages, and applications of basalt fiber and basalt fiber reinforced concrete. The report finds that basalt fiber reinforced concrete offers benefits like light weight, good fire resistance, and strength. Basalt fiber is produced from basalt rock through an extrusion process and has properties making it a viable alternative to other reinforcing fibers like steel, glass, and carbon fibers in concrete applications.
Viewers also liked (20)
Construction quality management plan (Construction Productivity Analysis)
Construction quality management plan (Construction Productivity Analysis)
Application & Comparison of different Formwork System used within Ind...
Application & Comparison of different Formwork System used within Ind...
Public-Private- Partnership Projects - What, Why & How Is Risk Allocated
Public-Private- Partnership Projects - What, Why & How Is Risk Allocated
Sustainable Construction Role Of Silicon Technology
Sustainable Construction Role Of Silicon Technology
Public Private Partnership Projects : Genesis and Nemesis
Public Private Partnership Projects : Genesis and Nemesis
The Implementation of QMS in construction industry
The Implementation of QMS in construction industry
Similar to Formwok
Concrete framework
Formwork is a temporary structure used to support wet concrete until it cures and can support itself. There are different types of formwork materials including timber, steel, and glass reinforced plastic. Proper formwork design and construction helps ensure safety, cost-effectiveness and quality of the finished concrete surface. Common causes of formwork failure include inadequate bracing, vibration, unstable soil or improper stripping. Safety precautions like secure fixing and inspections are important to prevent accidents. Permanent formwork is part of the permanent structure and remains in place for the life of the building, offering advantages like reduced construction time and costs.
Formwork failures and remedial measures
Formwork is a temporary structure used to contain freshly poured concrete and shape it to the required dimensions. Proper formwork design and construction is critical to ensure concrete quality and structural performance. Common causes of formwork failure include improper stripping, inadequate bracing, excessive vibration, unstable supports, and poor concrete placement control. To prevent failures, formwork should be carefully inspected for defects, properly braced and supported, and able to withstand anticipated loads without excessive deformation. Worker safety must also be a top priority during all formwork operations.
Basic principles of design for rcc building
The document discusses building maintenance, common defects, and remedial methods for RCC structures. It describes three main common defects: foundations, walls, and concrete/RCC frames. For foundations, common issues include differential settlement, uplift of shrinkage soil, and dampness. For walls, issues include cracking, dampness penetration, and failure during cyclones. For concrete frames, common problems discussed are seepage/leakage, spalling of concrete, and corrosion of steel reinforcement. The document provides detailed remedial methods for addressing each of these defects.
IRJET- Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structure
1. The document discusses ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures to improve seismic resistance. Ductile structures can absorb more energy through inelastic deformation without significant damage compared to brittle structures.
2. Key aspects of ductile detailing include providing reinforcement in both tension and compression zones, using transverse reinforcement to confine concrete, and employing a weak-beam strong-column system so beams yield before columns.
3. Reinforcement layout should consider factors like stress trajectories, crack control, and simplicity of construction. Structural joints must be able to withstand the same forces as other sections.
Shuttering (Formwork)
Shuttering in concrete construction is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured to harden subsequently curing
It is a part of formwork, or you may call it as derivative of formwork. Shuttering is a vertical temporary arrangement which is arranged to bring concrete in a desired shape. or Formwork which supports vertical arrangement is known as shuttering.
IRJET- A Parametric Study on the Siesmic Performance of Flat Slab Multi-S...
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the seismic performance of 10-story flat slab buildings with bracing subjected to different types of irregularities.
The paper models a regular flat slab building and flat slab buildings with vertical geometric irregularities, stiffness irregularities, and torsional irregularities using ETABS software. Response spectrum analysis is performed to analyze story drift, time period, story displacement, base shear, and story stiffness.
The results show that the building with torsional irregularities experienced the highest story displacements, around 24% more than the regular building. Buildings with vertical geometric and stiffness irregularities also had increased story displacements compared to the regular building, but to a lesser extent.
Chapter 5 formwork
Formwork is a temporary mold used to contain poured concrete until it cures and can support itself. It needs to be strong enough to support the weight of wet concrete and withstand pouring and compaction loads. New materials like steel and plastics are now used for formwork in addition to wood. Slipforming allows for continuous vertical pouring of concrete structures like building cores without relying on external support, by using a formwork that rises slowly on its own as concrete is added.
Ramchandra seminar report doc
This document is a seminar report on foundations and their types. It discusses shallow foundations like isolated, wall, combined, and strap footings as well as raft foundations. It also discusses deep foundations like pile foundations. Pile foundations transfer loads through skin friction and end bearing. Piles can be friction piles that transfer load through skin friction or end bearing piles that transfer load through end bearing. The report provides details on pile foundation classification and properties that affect foundation selection like soil bearing capacity, properties, and distribution of base pressure. It aims to study different foundation types and their uses based on soil and structural load conditions.
RCC 1st.pptx Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures
This document discusses the design of reinforced cement concrete structures. It covers the course contents which include the introduction, design methods, limit state design for beams and slabs, columns and footings, and miscellaneous structures. The introduction section discusses the limitations of plain concrete including its weakness in tension. It also covers the properties of reinforcement and concrete needed for analysis of forces and stresses in reinforced concrete structures.
Comparison Of Square And Raft Footing For A Multistory Building Under Static ...
It is a simple presentation on comparison between square and raft footing on basis of material used ,settlement and cost.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis on Seismic Behaviour of Regular and Verticall...
The document compares the seismic behavior of regular and vertically irregular reinforced concrete framed buildings with and without shear walls through structural analysis. Eight building models are created - regular and irregular structures both with and without shear walls in different locations. Equivalent static analysis and response spectrum analysis are performed to obtain seismic responses like base shear, storey shear, storey displacement, storey drift, and time period. Results show that structures with shear walls experience less seismic response compared to structures without shear walls. Irregular structures with shear walls also show lower responses than regular structures.
IRJET- Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Hollow Core at Vari...
This document discusses a study on the flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams with hollow cores at various depths below the neutral axis. Four beams were cast - one control beam without a hollow core, and three beams with a hollow core created using a 25mm PVC pipe placed at depths of 46.5mm, 79mm, and 112.5mm below the neutral axis. The beams were tested after 28 days and the load carrying capacity, deflection behavior, crack patterns, and flexural strength were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the beam with a hollow core at 79mm depth had the highest load carrying capacity and flexural strength, indicating the optimal depth is below the neutral axis. Introducing a hollow core provided
Selfcompacting concrete a anaysis-2-2
This document provides an overview and analysis of self-compacting concrete (SCC). It discusses the development of SCC, which originated in Japan in response to a need for durable concrete structures that did not depend on skilled labor for proper compaction. The key characteristics of SCC are that it can flow and consolidate under its own weight without vibration. This allows for easier placement and results in improved quality, strength, and durability. The document examines the materials, properties, testing, and mix design of SCC. It also outlines some common applications of SCC in Japan such as bridges, buildings, and large infrastructure projects.
Forms and materials for speedy construction
Hi friends i m mudassir khan student of architecture
this presentation is helpful for form and materials for speedy construction
Mivan aluminium formwork
The document discusses Mivan formwork, a versatile aluminum formwork construction technique. Mivan formwork is an aluminum alloy formwork system originally developed in Malaysia. It provides several advantages over conventional formwork including increased construction speed through its reusable panel system, high quality finishes, lower costs, and improved accuracy. While suitable for mass housing and repetitive construction, it also has some limitations such as requiring uniform designs and large project volumes to be cost-effective. Overall, the document presents Mivan formwork as a modern construction method that can help meet demands for efficient and sustainable housing development.
Site report 1
The document is a site visit report for a construction project comprising 96 residential units. It includes an introduction, objectives of the site visit, summaries of the site layout and house types, and observations of construction materials and methods used - including scaffolding, formwork, pad footings, and reinforced concrete. Photos supplement the technical descriptions and the conclusion reflects on the learning experience gained from directly observing construction practices.
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Ductile Behavior of Ferrocement Slab
The document presents the results of an experimental study on the ductile behavior of ferrocement slabs. Ferrocement slabs with different wire mesh spacings (2.5mm, 5mm, 7.5mm) and one with chicken wire mesh were tested. The slabs were 1.2m x 0.45m x 2.5cm in size and made with a 1:3 cement mortar mix. The slabs were tested in a loading frame and their load-deflection behaviors were recorded. The slab with chicken wire mesh showed the highest ultimate load of 3.6kN and breaking load of 4.5kN, indicating it had the highest strength. In general, the strength
TECH_SEMINAR_sachith_gowda[1].pptx
This document discusses design aspects for making structures resistant to terrorist attacks. The objectives of blast-resistant design are to reduce injuries, facilitate rescue efforts, expedite repairs, prevent progressive collapse, and accelerate returning to full operations. Explosions from vehicle or package bombs are major threats. Design principles include determining the threat level based on bomb size and standoff distance. Specific structural elements like floors, columns, transfer girders, glazing, and shear walls can be strengthened to improve blast resistance. Maintaining standoff distance and hardening vulnerable interior spaces are also discussed.
IRJET- Effect of Lateral Load on Moment Resisting Frame and Shear Wall in Mul...
This document summarizes and compares the results of analyzing a 15-story building model with and without shear walls, using ETABS software. Key findings include:
1. The model with shear walls had lower maximum displacements and story drifts under both earthquake and wind loading compared to the model without shear walls.
2. Analysis of torsional irregularity found the model without shear walls to be regularly shaped, while the model with shear walls was found to have extreme torsional irregularity in the upper stories under earthquake loading in the Y-direction.
3. In conclusion, the addition of shear walls improved the building's performance under lateral loads by reducing displacements and drift, though it introduced torsion
IRJET- Study & Improvement of Design and Construction Methodology of Precast ...
The document studies the design and construction methodology of precast concrete segmental box culverts. It analyzes 6 alternative design modules for single and double box cells using different end conditions. Finite element analysis is conducted to determine the optimal section dimensions that result in minimum bending moments, shear forces, and principal stresses. Transportation cost is found to be lowest for a double box cell design with hinge joints at the top and bottom.
Similar to Formwok (20)
IRJET- Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structure
IRJET- Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structure
IRJET- A Parametric Study on the Siesmic Performance of Flat Slab Multi-S...
IRJET- A Parametric Study on the Siesmic Performance of Flat Slab Multi-S...
RCC 1st.pptx Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures
RCC 1st.pptx Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Structures
Comparison Of Square And Raft Footing For A Multistory Building Under Static ...
Comparison Of Square And Raft Footing For A Multistory Building Under Static ...
IRJET- Comparative Analysis on Seismic Behaviour of Regular and Verticall...
IRJET- Comparative Analysis on Seismic Behaviour of Regular and Verticall...
IRJET- Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Hollow Core at Vari...
IRJET- Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Hollow Core at Vari...
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Ductile Behavior of Ferrocement Slab
IRJET- An Experimental Study of Ductile Behavior of Ferrocement Slab
IRJET- Effect of Lateral Load on Moment Resisting Frame and Shear Wall in Mul...
IRJET- Effect of Lateral Load on Moment Resisting Frame and Shear Wall in Mul...
IRJET- Study & Improvement of Design and Construction Methodology of Precast ...
IRJET- Study & Improvement of Design and Construction Methodology of Precast ...
More from Er Ajay Makwana
Traffic Engineering
This document discusses traffic rules and regulations and traffic control devices. It provides definitions of traffic signs and signals that are used to regulate, warn, and guide traffic. It lists several key rules for drivers, including keeping left, not overtaking in dangerous situations, yielding to pedestrians, ambulances and fire trucks, and only making safe U-turns. It also describes different types of traffic signs like mandatory, warning and informational signs, as well as road markings and traffic lights which use colors to control the flow of traffic.
Types of valves
The document describes several common types of valves used to regulate fluid flow, including their basic designs and purposes. Globe valves are used to throttle flow and have a Z, Y, or angle body design. Gate valves open and close flow but are not for regulating. Ball valves maintain high pressure/volume flow and have low costs. Butterfly valves are compact with low pressure drops. Diaphragm valves isolate fluid but need maintenance. Pinch valves use a rubber tube and are good for solids. Check valves only allow flow in one direction using flaps or disks.
Street furniture
This document discusses various types of street furniture used for traffic control and safety. It describes roadway delineators that provide visual guidance, especially at night. Hazard markers define obstructions like guardrails. Object markers indicate hazards within the vehicle path, such as channelizing islands. Speed breakers and rumble strips are used to alert drivers to reduce speed. Guard rails guide pedestrians and prevent them from entering the carriageway. Safety barriers prevent vehicles from leaving the highway at locations like bridges. Barricades and channelizers control and divert traffic during construction. Litter bins collect waste thrown by road users.
Organisation IN CPM
This document defines organization and outlines the key characteristics and functions of good organization. Organization is defined as arranging people to work together towards a common goal. The efficient functioning of an organization requires competent people in the right roles who understand the goals and their own duties. Good organization has clear goals and responsibilities, defined functions for departments, and flexibility. It coordinates all activities and resources to satisfy employees while achieving its aims through long-term planning, structure, coordination, and monitoring progress.
Contributer personality program
This document discusses trust behavior and contains 5 key behaviors that build trust:
1. Talk Straight - Being honest and transparent in communications.
2. Demonstrate Respect - Showing respect, fairness, and kindness to all individuals.
3. Create Transparency - Being open, genuine, and allowing information to be verified.
4. Right Wrongs - Admitting mistakes, apologizing, and taking actions to correct issues, not just denying wrongs.
5. Deliver Results - Meeting commitments and responsibilities by consistently delivering quality results on time and within budget.
The document provides examples and explanations of each behavior and emphasizes the importance of trust in building productive relationships. It also contains brief
Berthing structures
Berthing structures include piers, pier heads, wharves, jetties, docks, and mooring accessories. Piers are structures built perpendicular to shore to allow ships to berth near land in shallow water. Pier heads are exposed on three sides at harbor entrances. Wharves are landing areas alongside ships to facilitate loading and unloading even at low tide. Jetties extend from shore to deep water for ships to berth. Docks are enclosed areas that keep ships at a uniform water level for loading and unloading cargo over several days. Mooring accessories for fixed berths include mooring ports, bollards, and capstans to secure ships to piers and wharves.
Widening of curve
The document discusses the reasons for and methods of calculating the widening of pavements on horizontal curves. There are two types of widening: mechanical widening to account for vehicle off-tracking due to rigid wheel bases, and psychological widening to allow for greater driver maneuverability at higher speeds. Mechanical widening is calculated based on number of lanes, vehicle wheel base length, and curve radius. Psychological widening is also based on design speed and curve radius. The total widening is the sum of mechanical and psychological widening. Tables from the Indian Road Congress provide extra width recommendations for single and double lane pavements on curves.
More from Er Ajay Makwana (7)
Recently uploaded
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
一比一原版(CalArts毕业证)加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证如何办理
CalArts毕业证学历书【微信95270640】CalArts毕业证’圣力嘉学院毕业证《Q微信95270640》办理CalArts毕业证√文凭学历制作{CalArts文凭}购买学历学位证书本科硕士,CalArts毕业证学历学位证【实体公司】办毕业证、成绩单、学历认证、学位证、文凭认证、办留信网认证、（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
(诚招代理)办理国外高校毕业证成绩单文凭学位证,真实使馆公证（留学回国人员证明）真实留信网认证国外学历学位认证雅思代考国外学校代申请名校保录开请假条改GPA改成绩ID卡
1.高仿业务:【本科硕士】毕业证,成绩单（GPA修改）,学历认证（教育部认证）,大学Offer,,ID,留信认证,使馆认证,雅思,语言证书等高仿类证书；
2.认证服务: 学历认证（教育部认证）,大使馆认证（回国人员证明）,留信认证（可查有编号证书）,大学保录取,雅思保分成绩单。
3.技术服务：钢印水印烫金激光防伪凹凸版设计印刷激凸温感光标底纹镭射速度快。
办理加利福尼亚艺术学院加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
（详情请加一下 文凭顾问+微信:95270640）欢迎咨询！子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才转
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS ANTI-FREEZING AGENT
NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS ANTI-FREEZING AGENT
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Recently uploaded (20)
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Manufacturing Process of molasses based distillery ppt.pptx
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
Generative AI leverages algorithms to create various forms of content
john krisinger-the science and history of the alcoholic beverage.pptx
john krisinger-the science and history of the alcoholic beverage.pptx
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS ANTI-FREEZING AGENT
NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS ANTI-FREEZING AGENT
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Formwok
- 1. CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND CONTROL MANAGEMENT Prepared By:- Makwana Ajay 136250306028
- 3. A good formwork should satisfy the following requirements 1. Easy removal 2. Economy 3. Strength 4. Rigidity 5. Less leakage 6. smooth surface 7. Light weight 8. Quality 9. supports
- 4. 1. Easy removal The design of formwork should be such that it can be removed easily with least amount of hammering. The removal of formwork should cause least injury to the surface or edges of the concrete.
- 5. 2. Economy As the formwork does not contribute anything to the stability of the finished structure, it should therefore, be made economical by reducing the cost through proper design and construction.
- 6. 3. Strength The formwork should be strong enough to withstand all loads coming on it, such as dead load of concrete. and live load during its pouring. compaction and curing.
- 7. The loads on formwork should be estimated carefully. The over-estimation of loads result in expensive formwork and the under estimation of loads results in the failure of formwork.
- 8. 4. Rigidity The formwork should rigid (stiff) enough so that deflection is minimum. for visible surface in completed the work. the deflection limited to 1/300 of span and for hidden surface. It is limited 1/150 of span. It should be noted that a rigid formwork will be robust and stiff enough to allow repeated use.
- 9. 5. Less leakage The formwork should be so arranged that there is minimum of leakage through the joints. This is achieved providing tight joints between adjacent sections of the formwork.
- 10. 6. smooth surface The surface of the formwork should be smooth, and it should afford easy stripping This is achieved by applying crude oil or soft soap solution to the inside surface of formwork.