This presentation defines forest biomes and discusses the three main types: tropical hardwood forests, temperate hardwood forests, and boreal forests. It identifies key species, environmental characteristics, structural features, importance, and threats for each forest type. The six group members are listed and the presentation outlines the definition of forest biomes, three forest types, their locations, species, abiotic factors, structure, importance, threats, conclusion, and references.

1. Group Members:
Athena Lyttle
Savita Stephenson
Carlesa Duncan
Antonio Phillips
Ariana Charran
Sharai Harris

2. Layout of this presentation
 Definition of the Forest Biome
The three main types of Forest
Where the Forest types can be found?
Species present in the types of Forest
Abiotic characteristics of the Forest biomes
Structure of the Forest
Importance of the Forest
Threats
Conclusion
References

3. What is the Forest Biome
 Forest biomes - are defined as biological
communities that are dominated by trees and
other woody vegetation that can be classified
according to numerous characteristics with
seasonality being the most widely used. (
Spurr and Barnes 1980).

4. The Three Main Types of Forest
 Tropical Hardwood Forests: These include
rainforests and are characterized by an annual
rainfall of about 160-400 inches (406-1000cm)
with an average temperature of 80°F (27°C) and
support a great diversity of plant life.

5.  Temperate Hardwood Forests: These types of
forests are marked by their seasonal rainfall
distribution. There is also a growing season of
140-200 days during 4-6 frost free months.

6.  Boreal Forests: These forests are the largest
terrestrial biomes. Seasons are divided into short,
moist, and moderately warm summers and long,
cold, and dry winters. The length of the growing
season in boreal forests is 130 days.

7. Where the types can be found?
 Tropical Hardwood Forests: This type of forest is found
between the Tropics of Cancer ad the Tropics of
Capricorn forming a belt of green-life.
 Temperate Hardwood Forests: They are found in areas
with warm, moist summers and mild winters. Mostly in
the Northern Hemisphere: Eastern North America, East
Asia, Europe and small areas in Australia and South
America.
 Boreal Forests: This type of forest extends in broad bands
across North America and Eurasia. In North America it
covers most of inland Canada and Alaska. In Eurasia it
covers most of Sweden, Finland and Norway

8. Map
 Source: www.tes.com

9. Species present in the types of
Forest
Boreal Forest
Animals Plants
Raven Shrubs and wildflowers
Wolves Conifers (fir and pine)
Squirrels Small leaved deciduous trees
(willow and alder)
Moose Trees (oak, elm and maple)

10. Fir (conifers) Moose

11. Tropical Hardwood Forest
Animals Plants
Vampire Bat Coconut trees
Toco Tucan Mangrove forests
Chimpanzee Bengal bamboo
Proboscis Monkey Epiphytes
Orangutan Buttress roots

12. Buttress Roots Epiphytes

13. Temperate hardwood Forests
Animals Plants
White tailed deer Lichens
Raccoons Moss
Red foxes Ferns
Woodpeckers Magnolia
opossums Maple

14. Opossums Magnolia Tree

15. Abiotic characteristics of the
Forest Biomes
 The Boreal Forest
 Temperature
1. Long winters and short mild summers
2. Cold winds come down from the arctic lasting about 6-7
months
3. Winter temperature ranges from a high of 30 to a low of
-65 degrees F
4. Summer ranges from a high of 70 to a low of 30
degrees F
5. Average over all yearly temperature is 32 degrees F


16. Abiotic characteristics of the
Forest Biomes
 Sunlight
1. 20 hours of sunlight per day during the summer
2. Limited daylight during the winter
 Precipitation
1. Receives 20- 200cm ( 8-79 inches) of precipitation
per year
2. Precipitation occurs mostly in the form of snow

17. Abiotic characteristics of the
Forest Biomes
Soil Conditions
1. The soil is acidic
2. It is poor in nutrients
3. The ground is swampy and marshy in many parts
of the forest

18. Abiotic characteristics of the
Forest Biomes
Tropical Hardwood Forest
 Temperature
1. Temperature is on an average of 20- 25 degrees C
 Precipitation
1. Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the
year.
2. There is an average of 50- 260 inches ( 125- 660
cm) of rain falls yearly.

19. Abiotic characteristics of the
Forest Biomes
Soil Conditions
1. Soil is nutrient poor and acidic.
2. Decomposition is rapid.
3. Soils are subject to heavy leaching.

20. Abiotic characteristics of the
Forest Biomes
Temperate Hardwood Forest
 Temperature
1. Temperature varies from – 30 degrees C to 30
degrees C
 Precipitation
1. Precipitation ( 75- 150cm) is distributed evenly
throughout the year.
 Soil Conditions
1. Soil is fertile and enriched with decaying litter.

21. The Structure of the Forest
There are four basic structure of the forest, namely:
1. The Emergent Layer
2. The Canopy Layer
3. The Understory
4. The Forest Floor

22. The Structure of the Forest

23. Importance of the Forest
There are many reasons why the Forest biome is
important however some of these reasons are:
1. It forms Habitats and Ecosystems
2. It serves as a Watershed
3. It is considered the lungs of the earth
4. Climate control
5. It has economic benefits

24. Threats
 Anthropological
activity:
 Urbanization
 Logging
 Mining
 Agriculture
 Acid rain
 Loss of keystone
species
 Pollution of soils etc.

25. Natural threats
 Forest fires – nature itself via lightening storms ac
cause forest fires especially in periods of drought
 Pests - such as locust and the mountain pine beetle
have been know to destroy large section of forest .
 Natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, tidal
waves , typhoons , tornadoes and hurricanes are all
natural threats to forests biomes.

26. Conclusion
 Forest are the most diverse biomes on the planet . The
continuous growth of fauna supports the
diversification and life of millions of species.
 However this vast expanse is under threat where large
area are cleared for human gain.
 Governments must work to provide incentives for the
protection and sustainable management of this
resource .

27. References
 http://enviropol.com/index.php/forest-structure
 http://eschooltoday.com/forests/importance-of-forests.html
 http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-
environmental/articles/81812.aspx
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/forests.php
 http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/forests.php
 http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/forest-types-
forests.html
 http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep8c.htm