Forensic Botany
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Forensic botany uses plant evidence to solve legal cases. It examines macroscopic plant materials found at crime scenes. One early example was identifying poison hemlock used in Socrates' suicide. Pollen and diatoms from plant assemblages in a victim's lungs can determine where they drowned. During investigations, crime scene photographers document disturbed and unusual plants that may indicate entrances or evidence. Forensic palynology analyzes pollen and spores to link locations or suspects. Careful collection of botanical evidence avoids contamination and helps solve cases.
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Forensic palynology
Forensic palynology is the application of palynology, the study of pollen and spores, to legal issues. It uses the unique pollen and spore assemblages found in different geographic locations to associate people, places, and things. Analysis under microscopes can identify and compare pollen and spore samples to determine if they originated from the same source. Two case studies are described where forensic palynological evidence helped identify a crime scene and associate a suspect with a crime scene through pollen evidence. While not widely used in the US, it has been an important forensic technique used in other countries.
Forensic Palynology: Pollen Grains
This presentation will help you in understanding what is a pollen grain, what is forensic palynology, Structure of Pollen grain, It's biology, Dispersal and production, How to identify a pollen grain to species level based on Morphological characteristics and along with imparting detailed knowledge it will also help you to understand it's forensic significance.
Forensic Botany
This document discusses forensic botany and how botanical evidence can be used to solve crimes. It explains that forensic botany applies the scientific study of plants to criminal investigations. Specific areas covered include the identification of wood, plants, pollen, and algae. Methods like forensic palynology and forensic limnology are examined for how they can be used to analyze botanical evidence found on victims or at crime scenes. The document also provides guidance on properly collecting and preserving botanical evidence for analysis.
Botanical evidences
Forensic botany is the scientific use of plant materials to help solve crimes. It is study of plant life n order to gain information regarding possible crimes.
Diatoms and its Forensic Significance.pptx
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Microbial forensics and it's importance
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Forensic palynology
Forensic palynology is the application of palynology, the study of pollen and spores, to legal issues. It uses the unique pollen and spore assemblages found in different geographic locations to associate people, places, and things. Analysis under microscopes can identify and compare pollen and spore samples to determine if they originated from the same source. Two case studies are described where forensic palynological evidence helped identify a crime scene and associate a suspect with a crime scene through pollen evidence. While not widely used in the US, it has been an important forensic technique used in other countries.
Forensic Palynology: Pollen Grains
This presentation will help you in understanding what is a pollen grain, what is forensic palynology, Structure of Pollen grain, It's biology, Dispersal and production, How to identify a pollen grain to species level based on Morphological characteristics and along with imparting detailed knowledge it will also help you to understand it's forensic significance.
Forensic Botany
This document discusses forensic botany and how botanical evidence can be used to solve crimes. It explains that forensic botany applies the scientific study of plants to criminal investigations. Specific areas covered include the identification of wood, plants, pollen, and algae. Methods like forensic palynology and forensic limnology are examined for how they can be used to analyze botanical evidence found on victims or at crime scenes. The document also provides guidance on properly collecting and preserving botanical evidence for analysis.
Botanical evidences
Forensic botany is the scientific use of plant materials to help solve crimes. It is study of plant life n order to gain information regarding possible crimes.
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Physical Evidence
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Forensic anthropology case study
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TRAP CASES
A trap is a procedure used to catch a public servant accepting a bribe. The complainant files a case stating a public servant demanded a bribe. An investigation is done and if the complaint is genuine, permission is given to lay a trap. For the trap, the complainant is given money coated in phenolphthalein powder to pay the bribe. Officers witness the exchange and arrest the public servant if a phenolphthalein test turns positive, indicating they handled the money. A successful trap provides strong evidence of guilt in corruption cases against public servants.
TMB test
This document describes the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) presumptive test for detecting blood. The TMB test works by catalyzing the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin in blood. When heme in blood reacts with TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, it causes TMB to oxidize and turn blue-green. The TMB test can detect blood dilutions up to 1:1000,000 and provides results within 20 seconds. It is a sensitive, easy and economical test for detecting blood, but uses corrosive reagents and lacks specificity for differentiating blood from other substances that may also cause color changes.
Special types of crime scenes Part-2
1) The document discusses the role of forensic experts in investigating mass disasters and terrorist attacks. It covers types of disasters, management of disaster sites, and the roles of forensic pathologists and other experts.
2) Key responsibilities of forensic teams include identifying victims through means like DNA, dental records, and fingerprints. They also work to determine the cause of death and examine disaster sites for clues.
3) An example discussed is the 1993 Mumbai bombings, where RDX explosives were used in vehicles to kill over 100 people across 12 sites. Forensic analysis of debris and other evidence helped investigate the terrorist attacks.
Special types of crime scenes Part-1.pptx
- Crime scene investigation involves collecting and analyzing evidence from the location where a crime occurred. Biological evidence like blood, as well as latent prints, digital evidence, trace evidence and more may be collected.
- The type of evidence collected depends on the crime. For example, a burglary may involve collecting trace evidence and DNA evidence from points of entry and likely contact areas.
- How a crime scene is processed generally follows seven steps: establishing security; documenting the scene; collecting, packaging and preserving evidence. The most probative evidence is sent to forensic laboratories for detailed examination and analysis.
Scope of Cyber forensics
This document discusses the scope of cyber forensics. It defines cyber forensics as the process of extracting digital evidence from cyber crimes while maintaining a documented chain of custody. It describes the types of cyber forensics like network, email, mobile device forensics. It outlines the key steps cyber forensics experts follow: identification, preservation, analysis and documentation of digital evidence found, and presentation in court. Finally, it discusses the importance of cyber forensics in solving cyber and real-world crimes and ensuring integrity of digital evidence.
Principles of fingerprints
This document discusses the principles of fingerprints. It begins by introducing fingerprints, noting that they are unique ridge patterns on fingers that remain unchanged throughout life, making them useful for identification. It then describes the three main fingerprint types - arch, loop, and whorl. The key principles of fingerprints are that they are individual, permanent, universal, and classifiable. Fingerprints are individual due to their unique ridge patterns. They remain permanent from a young age to old age. They are universal across all humans. And their patterns can be classified into categories. The document concludes that these principles make fingerprints forensically significant for identifying criminals and determining a suspect's presence at a crime scene.
porous and non-porous surface
This document discusses the differences between porous and non-porous surfaces for fingerprint development. Fingerprints deposited on non-porous surfaces like glass or plastic do not absorb residues, which can be developed using powder methods or cyanoacrylate fuming. Fingerprints on porous surfaces like paper or cardboard allow residue absorption, requiring chemical methods like ninhydrin or iodine fuming to react with residues below the surface. Key differences are how long residues remain, appropriate development techniques, and advantages/disadvantages of each method for different surface types.
Physical Examination Of Tyre Marks
This document discusses the physical examination of tyre marks in forensic investigations. It describes the different types of tyre marks including yaw marks, scrub marks, and skid marks. It outlines the characteristics and identification process for tyre marks, including width, tread pattern, and circumstances. The document explains that tyre marks can be photographed, casted, or examined at a crime scene and provides their forensic significance in helping to identify vehicles and tracing criminal activity.
PAINT EVIDENCE COLLECTION
Paints are very common evidence found in hit and run cases, burglary cases and many other cases. The collection of paint evidence has been explained in this presentation
Microcrystalline Test for drugs
This document discusses microcrystalline testing for drugs. The test identifies specific drugs based on the unique shape and color of crystals formed when a drug sample is mixed with a specific reagent under a microscope. An example is provided where cocaine produces X-shaped crystals when reacted with gold chloride. The test has advantages of being cheap, simple, rapid and sensitive. However, it requires an expert to perform and interpret and can destroy important drug samples.
Introduction to PCR technique
This document introduces the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It explains that PCR is used to amplify a small segment of DNA across many orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular sequence. The principle of PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the DNA via polymerase. Key instrumentation is used to perform PCR. The document concludes that PCR has significant forensic applications like identifying human remains and developing genetic fingerprints from crime scene samples.
History OF DNA typing
This document provides an overview of the history of forensic DNA typing. It discusses how in 1980, Ray White described the first polymorphic RFLP marker and in 1985, Alec Jeffreys discovered multilocus VNTR probes. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA typing techniques between 1985-1998, including the first use of PCR in 1985 and the FBI starting their DNA casework in 1988. The document also provides brief descriptions of the principles, steps, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications of DNA typing.
Henry’s 10 digit classification of fingerprint
Henry's 10 digit classification is acceptable by the entire world. Read the ppt to know more about this classification.
GAIT PATTERN ANALYSIS
Gait pattern helps in individualization of a person depending on the pattern of his/her walking. Read the complete presentation to know more.
FORENSIC BIOMETRIC
Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Passwords, PINs, and keys are not very reliable for identification since they can be forgotten, shared, stolen, or easily guessed. Biometric identification uses unique physical traits like fingerprints, iris scans, voice recognition, or hand geometry that cannot be lost or shared to reliably identify individuals. As biometric technology advances, it may replace traditional identification methods and provide more secure access to sensitive information, banking, government systems, and commercial applications.
fingerprint characteristics
This document summarizes the key characteristics of fingerprints. It discusses how fingerprints develop in the womb, the three main fingerprint patterns (arch, loop, and whorl), and the ridge and minutia details that make each fingerprint unique. It also outlines the three main types of fingerprints that can be found at crime scenes: patent prints formed through transfers of colored materials, latent prints through sweat or oil, and plastic prints on pliable surfaces.
Fiber & Examination of fibers
Fibers are associative evidence that can link a suspect to a crime scene based on the principle of exchange. Fibers may be important evidence in crimes involving personal contact and should be collected visually using clean tools or tape lifting and preserved in paper envelopes. Key characteristics of fibers examined include diameter, cross section, color, and location. Analysis methods include microscopy and chemical analysis to determine if a questioned fiber belongs to a known fabric. Fibers can indicate an individual's presence but are not unique like fingerprints or DNA.
ESDA
ESDA is a tool used in questioned document cases. But how it works?
This has been explained in this ppt.
Collection, Identification & Comparison of Lip prints
Lip prints found on the lips can be used for personal identification in forensic investigations. There are several methods for collecting and developing lip prints, including using lipstick, gloss or other materials pressed on the lips. Lip prints are then analyzed by comparing their unique groove patterns and features to known samples using classification systems. While lip prints provide valuable evidence, factors like environmental conditions and individual variations over time can impact identification. Overall, lip prints are a useful forensic tool when collected and examined properly.
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Collection, Identification & Comparison of Lip prints
Collection, Identification & Comparison of Lip prints
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
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Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Forensic Botany
- 2. FORENSIC BOTANY Presented By:- Divyaraman.R AFRS Volunteer
- 3. Contents: Introduction History of Forensic Botany How forensic botany is used to solve case? Botanical crime-scene analysis Searching and Mapping of botanical evidences Conclusion
- 4. Introduction: Forensic botany is the application of the plant science to crime-scene analysis for use in legal cases. Here, the term macroscopic plant remains is given to those plant materials which are not included within forensic palynology or microbiology. Research centered on spores, pollen and certain microorganisms is well developed.
- 5. History of Forensic Botany One of the early documented cases of forensic botany connected with macroscopic plant materials was the suicide death of Socrates. Plato’s Phaedo (Plato and Gallop 2009), we read of Socrates’ symptoms after he drank the fatal brew as of poison hemlock. Richard “Bruno” Hauptmann was convicted of the kidnapping of Charles Lindbergh’s son. This was the first time that forensic botany evidence was accepted as legal evidence during a trial.
- 6. How Forensic Botany is used to solve cases? Plants grow in assemblages: Assemblages are groups of plants usually dominated by one species. Drowning Victims: By comparing the number and proportion of algae and diatoms in a drowned person’s lungs and body tissues, it is possible, in some cases, to determine where he or she drowned. Fewer than 20 different species of diatoms indicate a recent drowning, more than 50 species indicate a longer postmortem interval.
- 7. Botanical Crime-Scene Analysis The crime scene photographer should take image of: 1. Dominant plants and other plants, 2. Depressed grasses indicating possible entrances or exits, 3. Broken branches or disturbed plants, 4. Plants in unusual locations relative to the body, vehicle or objects.
- 8. Searching & Mapping of Botanical Evidences Pollen and Spores in forensics: Forensic Palynology is the study of pollen and spore evidence to help solve criminal cases. Pollen and spores have different functions but they have similar characteristics. Pollen producers: Plant reproduction is either from non- seed plants or seed plants. Pollen fingerprint. Seed plants today include: Gymnosperms Angiosperms
- 9. Conclusion: Collection of all botanical evidences must be performed carefully to avoid contamination. So these are the points to how forensic botany involves in crime scene and helps to collect the evidences from the crime scene.
- 10. THANK YOU