FOOD-AND-NUTRITION.pptx
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This document provides an introduction to biomolecules, focusing on carbohydrates. It states that biomolecules contain carbon and are involved in maintenance and metabolism in living organisms. Carbohydrates are described as the most abundant organic molecules in nature, and include monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides like starch and cellulose. Polysaccharides can be homopolysaccharides containing one type of monomer, or heteropolysaccharides containing multiple types. Storage polysaccharides provide energy, while structural polysaccharides give plants and animals strength and structure.
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This document provides an overview of carbohydrates and their classification. It begins by defining carbohydrates and discussing their importance as energy sources. It then classifies carbohydrates as monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of monosaccharide units. Common monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose are discussed in more detail regarding their structures, stereoisomers, anomers, and cyclic forms. The document emphasizes that carbohydrates serve structural roles in plants and energy storage roles in animals.
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Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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FOOD-AND-NUTRITION.pptx
- 2. Biomolecule is the molecule that is present in all living organisms, involved in the maintenance and metabolic process 6 • All Biomolecule contain CARBON C 12 • Carbon is the most versatile and prominent element of life • Other elements – HYDROGEN(H) OXYGEN(O) NITROGEN (N) SULPHUR (S) SODIUM (Na) CALCIUM (Ca) MAGNESIUM (Mg)
- 3. BIOMOLECULES BIOMOLECULES INORGANIC ORGANIC CARBOHTDRATE S LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLIC ACIDS ENZYMES VITAMINS These are very large molecules of many ATOMS covalently bonded ENERGY is stored in the COVALENT BONDS. When we eat ,we get ENERGY to lives because chemical reactions within our bodies break these bonds
- 5. CARBOHYDRATES THE MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC MOLECULES IN NATURE HYDRATE DE CARBON i.e. HYDRATE OF CARBON or Cn(H2O)n • Main source of ENERGY • Provide some STRUCTUR • PRECURSORs of many organic compounds – FATS, AMINO ACIDS • STORAGE FORM of ENERGY (Glycogen Animals) (Starch Plants)
- 6. CARBOHYDRATES SIMPLE MONOSACCHARIDE – GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE DISACCHARIDE – MALTOSE, SUCROSE, LACTOSE OLIGOSACCHARIDE – RAFFINOSE STACHYOSE COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDE – STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE, DEXTRIN
- 7. MONOSACCHARIDES BASED ON No OF C ATOMS BASED ON FNCTIONAL GROUP TRIOSES (C3H6O3) –GLYCERALDEHYDE, ALDOSE-GLECEALDEHY, DIHYDROXYACETONE GLUCOSE TETROSE (C4H8O4) – ERYTHROSE, THREOSE PENTOSE (C5H10O5) – RIBULOSE, ARABINOSE HEXOSES (C6H12O6) – GLUCOSE, KETOSE – DIHYDROXYACETONE, FRUCTOSE, FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE HEPTOSES (C7H14O7) – GLUCOHEPTOSE SO ON………
- 8. SOME STRUCTURE OF MONOSACCHARIDE GLYCERALDEHYDE DIHYDROXYACETONE ERYTHROSE RIBULOSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE
- 9. OLIGOSACCHARIDES CARBOHYDRATES THAT CONTAINS 2-9 MONOSACCHARIDE UNITS CONNECTED BY GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE. DISACCHARIDES : 2 MONOSACCHARIDE UNITS ( SIMILAR OR DISSIMILAR ) CRYSTALLINE, WATER SOLUBLE, SWEET IN TASTE MALTOSE : MALT SUGAR , SUCROSE : CANE SUGAR LACTOSE : MILK SUGAR
- 10. TRISACCHARIDES TETRASACCHARIDES RAFFINOSE THE SMALLEST AND THE COMMONEST OLIGOSACCHARIDES ARE DISACCHARIDES
- 11. POLYSACCHARIDES KNOWN AS GLYCANS REPEATING MONOSACCHARIDE UNITS CONNECTED BY GLYCOSIDIC BONDS ALMOST INSOLUBLE NOT SWEET IDEAL STORAGE AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS 2 TYPES – a) HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES b) HETAROPOLYSACCHARIDES ( ONLY ONE TYPE OF MONOSACCHARIDE (CONDENSATION OF 2 OR MORE TYPES MONOMERS ) OF MONOSACCHARIDES) STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE PEPTIDOGLYCAN, HYALURONIC ACID, AGAR, CHITIN
- 12. STORAGE POLYSACCHARIDES STRACH = AMYLOSE + AMYLOPECTIN CARBOHYDRATE RESERVE OF PLANTS IMPORTANT DIETARY SOURCE FOR ANIMAL HOOPOLYMER OF GLUCOSE : GLUCAN GLYCOGEN CARBOHYDRATE RESERVE IN ANIMAL : ANIMAL STRACH HIGH CONCENTRATION IN LIVER, MUSCLE , BRAIN MADE UP OF GLUCOSE UNIT
- 13. INULIN POLYMER OF FRUCTOSE : FRUCTOSAN FOUND IN DAHLIA, GARLIC, ONION etc NOT REDAILY METABOLISED IN HUMAN BODY READILY FILTERED THROUHG THE KIDNEY; USED FOR KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST
- 14. STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES CELLULOSE MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC SUBSTANCE IN PLANT KINGDOM PREDOMINANT CONSTITUENT OF PLANT CELL WALL TOTALLY ABSENT IN ANIMALS CHITIN SECOND MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC SUBSTANCE COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE OF HETAROPOLYSACCHARIDE FOUND IN INSECTS ,PROVIDE STRENTH AND ELASTICITY
- 15. THANK YOU………
Editor's Notes
- Energy is stored in the Covalent Bonds.When we eat ,we get ENERGY to lives because chemical reactions within our bodies break these bonds.
- lmnbh
- DISACCHARIDES
- POLYSACCHARIDES