Presentation by Paula Dominguez-Salas, Pablo Alarcon, Barbara Häsler, Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Elaine Ferguson, Laura Cornelsen, Eric M. Fèvre and Jonathan Rushton at the 14th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE), Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 3-7 November 2015.
Complementarity of value chain analysis, consumption patterns and nutrition i...ILRI
Presented by Paula Dominguez-Salas, Barbara Häsler, Elaine Ferguson, Laura Cornelsen, Silvia Alonso, Eric M. Fèvre, Jonathan Rushton, Delia Grace and Pablo Alarcon at the 5th Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) Annual Research Conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2015.
Measuring and mitigating the risk of mycotoxins in maize and dairy products f...ILRI
Presented by Johanna Lindahl, Delia Grace, Vesa Joutsjoki, Hannu Korhonen and Vivian Hoffmann at a 'Growing with Dairy' Stakeholder Dissemination Meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 9 March 2018
The Minnesota Agri-Growth Council Annual Meeting and Speakers Conference is the organization’s premier annual event, bringing together key stakeholders in the food and agriculture industry from Minnesota and the Upper Midwest. As part of this program, Brian Ronholm, the Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety with the USDA, presented on public health and food safety.
Presented by George Msalya, Sokoine University of Agriculture, at the Safe Food, Fair Food Annual Project Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 April 2014
Demand for grass-fed beef has increased by 25–30% every year over the last decade. Now, more than ever, it is critical for producers to get their message out to the world. Andrew Gunther from A Greener World presents to SWGLA members on the topic at the 2016 Southwest Grass-Fed Conference.
Complementarity of value chain analysis, consumption patterns and nutrition i...ILRI
Presented by Paula Dominguez-Salas, Barbara Häsler, Elaine Ferguson, Laura Cornelsen, Silvia Alonso, Eric M. Fèvre, Jonathan Rushton, Delia Grace and Pablo Alarcon at the 5th Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) Annual Research Conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2015.
Measuring and mitigating the risk of mycotoxins in maize and dairy products f...ILRI
Presented by Johanna Lindahl, Delia Grace, Vesa Joutsjoki, Hannu Korhonen and Vivian Hoffmann at a 'Growing with Dairy' Stakeholder Dissemination Meeting, Nairobi, Kenya, 9 March 2018
The Minnesota Agri-Growth Council Annual Meeting and Speakers Conference is the organization’s premier annual event, bringing together key stakeholders in the food and agriculture industry from Minnesota and the Upper Midwest. As part of this program, Brian Ronholm, the Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety with the USDA, presented on public health and food safety.
Presented by George Msalya, Sokoine University of Agriculture, at the Safe Food, Fair Food Annual Project Planning Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15-17 April 2014
Demand for grass-fed beef has increased by 25–30% every year over the last decade. Now, more than ever, it is critical for producers to get their message out to the world. Andrew Gunther from A Greener World presents to SWGLA members on the topic at the 2016 Southwest Grass-Fed Conference.
Innovative use of conventional and new technologies to unravel breed options ...ILRI
Presented by J.M.K. Ojango, R. Mrode and A.M. Okeyo at the 1st World Congress on Innovations for Livestock Development: Fostering Innovations for the Livestock Industry, Nakuru, Kenya, 26–30 June 2016
Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & NowJohn Blue
Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & Now - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Animal Genomics and Biotechnology, University of California, Davis, From the 2018 Animal Agriculture Alliance Stakeholders Summit, Protect Your Roots, May 3 - 4, 2018, Arlington, VA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9xWTLbiBMQQi8L_WHIWcjA
Current Research in Genomic Selection- Dr. Joe DaltonDAIReXNET
Dr. Dalton presented this material for a DAIReXNET webinar. You can view the recorded webinar on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL1jb8WY8lk
Mycotoxin binders: An option for safer milk in Kenya?ILRI
Presentation by Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at the Kenyatta University International Food Safety Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 20–24 May 2019.
Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the Greater Addis Ababa milk sh...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - What Role Will Animal Biotechnology Play in Feedin...John Blue
What Role Will Animal Biotechnology Play in Feeding the World? - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Animal Genomics & Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, University of California - Davis, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Food safety issues and scientific advances related to animal-source foodsILRI
Presented by Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Bassirou Bonfoh, Erastus Kang'ethe, Lucy Lapar and Delia Grace at the Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) - Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) expert consultation on assuring food safety in Asia-Pacific, Tsukuba, Japan, 4-5 August 2014.
RD Azmina Govindji - Yogurt in practice: simple swaps to improve nutrition -...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
By establishing simple and effective habits in the short-term, we can improve our lives in the long-term. Simple, nutritious and pleasurable - yogurt can be an interesting and healthy option as a “swap food” in sweet and savory dishes, at any time of the day. Azmina Govindji, RD, shared her golden tips for a triple win with yogurt swaps.*
Feed storage practices and awareness of aflatoxins in the Greater Addis Ababa...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17 June 2015.
Nutrition research of biofortified crops an updateIFPRI
Impact pathway and nutrition research findings on bio-availability and efficacy of provitamin A maize, cassava and sweet potato; high iron beans and pearl millet; high Zinc rice and wheat.
9 January 2016. Sojagnon (a PAEPARD supported consortium) in Partnership with the Soybean Innovation Lab (SIL) held a webinar entitled “Hygienic Practices for Food Safety in Small and Medium Sized Businesses.”
Feed storage practices and aflatoxin contamination of dairy feeds in the Grea...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
Feed storage practices and attitudes towards milk hygiene in the Greater Addi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Aflatoxin M1 contamination of milk in the greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
An integrated approach to assessing and improving milk safety and nutrition i...ILRI
Presentation by G. Msalya, E. Joseph, F. Shija, L.R. Kurwijila, D. Grace, K Roesel, B Haesler, F Ogutu, A Fetsch, G Misinzo and H Nonga at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Aflatoxins in the dairy value chain: A challenge for the informal market?ILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Innovative use of conventional and new technologies to unravel breed options ...ILRI
Presented by J.M.K. Ojango, R. Mrode and A.M. Okeyo at the 1st World Congress on Innovations for Livestock Development: Fostering Innovations for the Livestock Industry, Nakuru, Kenya, 26–30 June 2016
Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & NowJohn Blue
Were Those the Days? Animal Ag Then & Now - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Animal Genomics and Biotechnology, University of California, Davis, From the 2018 Animal Agriculture Alliance Stakeholders Summit, Protect Your Roots, May 3 - 4, 2018, Arlington, VA, USA.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9xWTLbiBMQQi8L_WHIWcjA
Current Research in Genomic Selection- Dr. Joe DaltonDAIReXNET
Dr. Dalton presented this material for a DAIReXNET webinar. You can view the recorded webinar on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BL1jb8WY8lk
Mycotoxin binders: An option for safer milk in Kenya?ILRI
Presentation by Florence Mutua, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace at the Kenyatta University International Food Safety Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 20–24 May 2019.
Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the Greater Addis Ababa milk sh...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam - What Role Will Animal Biotechnology Play in Feedin...John Blue
What Role Will Animal Biotechnology Play in Feeding the World? - Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, Cooperative Extension Specialist, Animal Genomics & Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, University of California - Davis, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Food safety issues and scientific advances related to animal-source foodsILRI
Presented by Kohei Makita, Kristina Roesel, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Bassirou Bonfoh, Erastus Kang'ethe, Lucy Lapar and Delia Grace at the Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) - Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) expert consultation on assuring food safety in Asia-Pacific, Tsukuba, Japan, 4-5 August 2014.
RD Azmina Govindji - Yogurt in practice: simple swaps to improve nutrition -...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
By establishing simple and effective habits in the short-term, we can improve our lives in the long-term. Simple, nutritious and pleasurable - yogurt can be an interesting and healthy option as a “swap food” in sweet and savory dishes, at any time of the day. Azmina Govindji, RD, shared her golden tips for a triple win with yogurt swaps.*
Feed storage practices and awareness of aflatoxins in the Greater Addis Ababa...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Embassy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 17 June 2015.
Nutrition research of biofortified crops an updateIFPRI
Impact pathway and nutrition research findings on bio-availability and efficacy of provitamin A maize, cassava and sweet potato; high iron beans and pearl millet; high Zinc rice and wheat.
9 January 2016. Sojagnon (a PAEPARD supported consortium) in Partnership with the Soybean Innovation Lab (SIL) held a webinar entitled “Hygienic Practices for Food Safety in Small and Medium Sized Businesses.”
Feed storage practices and aflatoxin contamination of dairy feeds in the Grea...ILRI
Presentation by Dawit Gizachew, Barbara Szonyi, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
Feed storage practices and attitudes towards milk hygiene in the Greater Addi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at a consultative workshop on milk quality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-26 June 2015.
Aflatoxin M1 contamination of milk in the greater Addis Ababa milk shed, Ethi...ILRI
Presentation by Barbara Szonyi, Dawit Gizachew, Azage Tegegne, Jean Hanson and Delia Grace at the first African Symposium on Mycotoxicology, Livingstone, Zambia, 26-28 May 2015.
An integrated approach to assessing and improving milk safety and nutrition i...ILRI
Presentation by G. Msalya, E. Joseph, F. Shija, L.R. Kurwijila, D. Grace, K Roesel, B Haesler, F Ogutu, A Fetsch, G Misinzo and H Nonga at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Aflatoxins in the dairy value chain: A challenge for the informal market?ILRI
Presentation by Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Traditional milk fermentation as a potential tool for sustainable improvement...ExternalEvents
Traditional milk fermentation as a potential tool for sustainable improvement of food safety presentation by Kohei Makita, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
Pig farmers, pig eaters? Characterizing household and child feeding practices...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Edwin Kang'ethe, Kristina Roesel, Nicholas Ngwili, Emmanuel Muunda and Delia Grace presented at the 2nd annual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Kathmandu, Nepal, 9–13 July 2017.
Presented by Nguyen Viet Hung, Fred Unger, Dang Xuan Sinh, Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh, Delia Grace at the Vietnam Agricultural Outlook Conference 2016, Hanoi 27 May 2016
Presented by Barbara Wieland at the First Joint International Conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (AITVM) and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, 4-8 September 2016
Kenyan awareness of aflatoxin: An analysis of processed milk consumersILRI
Poster by Nadhem Mtimet, Maria Walke, Derek Baker, Johanna Lindahl, Monica Hartmann and Delia Grace presented at the International Conference of Agricultural Economists (ICAE), Milan, Italy, 8-14 August 2015.
Aflatoxins, animal health and safety of animal source foods ILRI
Presented by Delia Grace, Johanna Lindahl, Christine Atherstone and Erastus Kang’ethe at the Virtual briefing for the Global Donor Platform on Rural Development, 22 July 2014
Livestock-derived foods and the first 1000 days: The essential role of livest...ILRI
Presentation by Boitshepo Giyose, Klaus Kraemer, Lora Iannotti, Maya Stewart, Osman Dar and Silvia Alonso at a side event at the 45th session of the United Nations Committee on World Food Security, Rome, Italy, 15–19 October 2018.
Sheep Abortions: What Causes Them & What Can We Do About It?
Dr. Jocelyn Jansen, Disease Prevention Veterinarian—Small Ruminants, OMAF
The presentation will cover the reasons for abortions in sheep but will focus on the 3 most common infectious causes in Ontario. Prevalence of disease in Ontario, diagnosis, management of the aborting flock and prevention will also be discussed.
Mainstreaming human nutrition in livestock interventions: Lessons learned fro...ILRI
Presented by Domitille Kauffmann and Paula Dominguez-Salas at a webinar on “The importance of products of animal origin in human nutrition” organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Livestock Technical Network, 24 April 2015.
Similar to The role of food systems in improving maternal and child nutrition in challenging African low-income settings (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
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Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
The role of food systems in improving maternal and child nutrition in challenging African low-income settings
1. The role of food systems in improving
maternal and child nutrition in challenging
African low-income settings
Paula Dominguez-Salas
RVC / ILRI / LCIRAH
ISVEE, Merida, 5th November 2015
2. Pablo Alarcón
Eric Fèvre
Delia Grace
Elaine Ferguson
Laura Cornelsen
Livestock value chain team
James Akoko
Patrick Muinde
Maurice Karani…
Paula Dominguez-Salas
Nutrition team
Douglas Angogo
Judith Mwangangi
Gideon Mwangi
Emma Osoro
Jonathan Rushton
Barbara Häsler Silvia Alonso
3. Overweight
Obesity
MALNUTRITION
MICRONUTRIENTS
OVERNUTRITION
UNDERNUTRITION
CHRONIC
Stun4ng
ACUTE
Was4ng
Types of malnutrition
Moderate
Severe
4. Key micronutrients supplied by animal-
source foods (ASFs)
Nutrient
ASF
source
Consequences
of
deficits
Availability
Vit
A
Dairy
Liver
Eggs
Blindness,
growth
faltering,
impaired
development
and
immune
system
increased
mortality.
Preformed
vitamin
A
(reGnol
)
-‐
almost
exclusive
of
ASFs.
Plants
contain
pro-‐vitamin
A
carotenoids,
less
bioavailable.
Iron
Meat,
Fish
(Heme
iron
)
Dairy,
Eggs
(Non-‐heme
iron)
Anaemia;
Impaired
growth,
immune
funcGon,
child
cogniGve
development
and
school
performance
lower
work
capacity,
maternal
mortality
Heme-‐iron:
higher
availability
(15-‐35%
absorpGon)
and
enhances
absorpGon
of
non-‐heme
iron
Non-‐heme
iron:
less
bioavailable
(2-‐20%
absorpGon)
inhibited
by
phyGc
acid
and
fiber
of
cereal
diets.
Calcium
Dairy
Fish
(with
bones)
NutriGonal
rickets,
increased
effects
of
pre-‐eclampsia
AbsorpGon
inhibited
by
oxalates,
phytates
and
fiber.
High
calcium
(and
casein)
in
milk
inhibits
absorpGon
non-‐heme
iron.
Vit
B2
Dairy
Meat
and
organs
Eggs
Fish
Stunted
growth,
skin
lesions,
cheilosis,
angular
stomaGGs,
glossiGs,
neuropathy,...
Zinc
Meat
and
organs
Fish.
Eggs,
Dairy
to
a
lesser
extent
Pregnancy
complicaGons,
low
birth
weight,
impaired
immune
funcGon,
mortality,
stunGng
ASFs
have
higher
bioavailability
than
plant
sources.
Protein
increases
absorpGon/
calcium,
phytates
and
fiber
inhibit.
Vit
B12
All
ASFs
-‐only
in
ASF
MegaloblasGc
anaemia,
demyelinaGng
disorder.
Impaired
absorpGon
in
elderly
Modified
from:
Randolph
2007
5. Livestock
value
chain
analysis
LIVESTOCK
VALUE
CHAIN
ANALYSIS
(Focus
group
discussions
and
key
informant
and
individual
interviews
Mapping
Governance
Upgrading
Food
safety
risks
Distribu4on
of
benefits
12. Dairy demand-supply considerations
Consump4on
98.5%
of
HHs
5.5
Gmes/week/HH
Nutri&on:
68%
Taste:
65%
Why
NOT
Access:
73%
Price:
40%
Why
YES
Elas4city
-‐1.08
own-‐price
Value
chain
issues
• Key
retailers:
• Milk
bars
(raw,
informal
traders),
• Kiosks
(mainly
processed,
large
companies),
• Slum
producers
(raw).
• In
some
slums,
factories
sell
milk
about
to
expire
at
a
cheaper
price.
•
Mainly
women-‐dominated
chain.
• Processed
milk
is
controlled
by
few
large
companies.
• Important
wastage
in
large
companies
• Informal
sector:
Food
safety
risks
due
to
adultera4on,
lack
of
cold
chain,
inadequate
transport,
poor
hygiene,
an4microbial
use,
lack
of
licensing,
regulaGon
and
training.
DEMAND
SUPPLY
13. • ‘Triple
burden’
of
malnutriGon
→
think
food
systems
backwards
from
consumer’s
nutriGon
gaps/problems
• Importance
of
ASFs
in
malnutriGon
→
nutri4on-‐
sensi4ve
livestock
value
chain
approaches
are
necessary
• Food
choice
drivers
influence
ASF
strategies
success:
economic
(price,
income),
biological
(taste,
health),
physical
(access,
appearance),
cultural
(religion,
peer)
• This
supply-‐demand
approach
allows
to
idenGfy
safe
entry
points
in
the
livestock
value
chains
that
opGmise
nutriGon
Final remarks
14. THANK YOU!!
Funding:
A4NH,
ILRI,
LCIRAH,
Urban
Zoonoses
project
Field
support:
APHRC,
MoH,
HKI
Photobooks:
Kenyan
Medical
Research
InsGtute/Micronutrient
IniGaGve