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Food security in third world countries
- 1. Food Security In Third World Countries Group. Roll No. Darsh Thakkar B097 Aanya Lari B101 Saurabh Patil B112
- 2. Sequence Introduction What is food security/insecurity ? What are Third World Countries ? Food Security – Evolution Food Crises – Causes Major challenges Food Security – Global response Conclusion
- 3. Introduction Food is the basic human and fundamental right of every human being, having constitutional guarantees in almost all countries. That’s why the UNO recognized the right to the food to the declaration of human rights in 1948, vital for enjoyment of all other rights. Although food security has always been a crucial issue, there is increasing global concern in it after 2007/8 food crises which is reinforced whenever food prices start rising. This presentation explains the concept of food security and impact on third world countries, its evolution, challenges at country level as well as global level.
- 4. What is food security/Insecurity ? Food security refers to the availability of food and one’s access to it. A household is considered food-secure when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. According to the world resources Institute, per capital food has been increasing substantially for the past several decades. Principle variables that define food security : 1. Food availability – sufficient quantities of necessary types of food from domestic production, commercial imports, or donors, are consistently available to individuals, are in reasonable proximity to them, or are within their reach 2. Food Access – Individual have adequate incomes or other resources to purchase a appropriate food needed to maintain consumption of an adequate diet and nutritional level. 3. Food Utilization – Weaknesses in the variable of access, availability and proper utilization of food lead to what individual and household experience as hunger.
- 5. Food Insecurity Food insecurity is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. In 2014, 17.4 million U.S were food insecure at some time during the year. Food insecurity does not necessary cause hunger, but hunger is a possible outcome of food Insecurity Low Food Security – reports of reduced quality, variety or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake. Very low food insecurity – reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake.
- 7. Food Security : Evolution Food security is an evolving concept, getting refined after new developments and greater awareness about its necessity. During 1970s, food crises created awareness for food security and led to formal institutional response globally. During 1980s, concern with increased poverty added access to food as essential as food availability for food security. now food security invariably means five types: 1. Food is available in country. 2. It is accessible to people, physically and financially. 3. People are healthy to absorb it. 4. Food supplies / prices are stable over period. 5. It is nutritious enough to sustain a human body
- 8. Food crises - Causes Failed agriculture market regulations. Lack of anti-dumping mechanism Export restriction and panic buying. US dollar deprecation. Increased farming for bio fuels. World oil prices are more than $100 a barrel. Global population growth. Climate change. Loss of agriculture land to residential and industrial development. Growing consumer demand in China and India.
- 9. The 10 crises with the highest number of people in year 2020 (in millions). 4.1 4.3 6.5 8.6 9.2 9.6 12.4 13.2 13.5 21.8 0 5 10 15 20 25 HAITI ZIMBABVE SOUTH SUDAN ETHIOPIA NIGERIA SUDAN SYRIA AFGANISTAN YEMEN DR CONGO
- 10. Major challenges Production : slow rate of growth of food production is adversely affecting the supply of food grains. :decreased in cultivated area, stagnant yields, climate change, land grabbing. Consumption : increasing consumption and wastages are putting pressures on food grain stocks. :increasing population, growing prosperity, changing food habitants, wastages Distribution : bottlenecks pose threats to its availability even in normal time. : access to food-financial constraints, access to food physical constraints, food denial. Politics : political issue also affecting food chains. :political commitment, bad governance, not improving overall low order, not making special arrangements.
- 11. Global Response on Food Security Renewed commitment at global and state level to reduce poverty by dedicating sufficient resources for job creation, skill formation, social safety nets and good governance. Putting in place an efficient and reliable forecasting and early warning system for food grains production and stocks position. Early agreement on global warming, environmental sustainability and climate change. Ban on cultivation of crops for bio fuels on lands already used for food production. Universal policy framework for corporate farming to restrain land grabbing. Global collaboration to carry out healthcare reforms to improve absorption and nutrition.
- 12. Conclusion Developing regions have registered significant progress toward the MDG-1 of reducing poverty / hunger and undernourishment has fallen by 17% since 1990. However, still one eighth population of the world is not getting enough food for active living. Growth can raise income and reduce hunger, but only sustainable and broad based growth can reduce hunger and poverty. Growth policies must therefore aim at enhancing agricultural productivity targeting small hoders and should specifically target the poor, especially those in rural areas.
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