Food security
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The growth in global population threatens the survival of the human race in relation to the availability of enough food to feed an estimated 10.9 Billion by 2050. We explore some foreseen challenges and possible solutions
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Over the past 30 years, the Genetic Resources Unit (GRU) at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) has conserved and distributed beans and forage crop germplasm. GRU conserves over 35,000 bean and 23,000 forage accessions. It has received bean accessions from 111 countries and distributed over 102,000 samples to 103 countries. For forages, GRU has received from 72 countries and distributed over 44,000 samples to 105 countries. Many countries have both provided germplasm to GRU and received germplasm from it. This movement of germplasm has helped countries improve important crop traits.
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1) The world population is projected to increase from 6 billion in 2000 to 9.2 billion in 2050, increasing food demand by 50% by 2030.
2) Limited availability of agricultural land and declining per capita cropland availability poses challenges to meeting increased food demand.
3) Global agricultural productivity growth is slowing down from an annual rate of 4% in the 1960s-1980s to 1% now, with a tendency toward further decline, exacerbating food security issues.
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The document discusses embracing genetically modified crops to ensure future food security given challenges like population growth, climate change, and limited resources. It argues GM crops could increase yields to meet demands while remaining affordable and safe. However, current EU regulations impede GM crop development and cultivation in the UK due to public health concerns despite research showing GM foods are as safe and nutritious as conventional foods. To address food security threats, the document advocates modernizing regulations to consider GM crops on a case by case basis through national risk assessments.
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This document discusses the importance of seed diversity for ensuring resilient and nutritious food production in the face of climate change. It outlines how agricultural biodiversity has declined dramatically due to the loss of traditional seed varieties and knowledge. However, reviving seed diversity through supporting local seed systems, networks, and farmers' rights is key to building climate resilience. The document presents case studies from countries taking innovative approaches to enhancing seed diversity and agriculture through collaboration with small-scale farmers.
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1) The world population is projected to increase from 6 billion in 2000 to 9.2 billion in 2050, increasing food demand by 50% by 2030.
2) Limited availability of agricultural land and declining per capita cropland availability poses challenges to meeting increased food demand.
3) Global agricultural productivity growth is slowing down from an annual rate of 4% in the 1960s-1980s to 1% now, with a tendency toward further decline, exacerbating food security issues.
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The document discusses embracing genetically modified crops to ensure future food security given challenges like population growth, climate change, and limited resources. It argues GM crops could increase yields to meet demands while remaining affordable and safe. However, current EU regulations impede GM crop development and cultivation in the UK due to public health concerns despite research showing GM foods are as safe and nutritious as conventional foods. To address food security threats, the document advocates modernizing regulations to consider GM crops on a case by case basis through national risk assessments.
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This document discusses the importance of seed diversity for ensuring resilient and nutritious food production in the face of climate change. It outlines how agricultural biodiversity has declined dramatically due to the loss of traditional seed varieties and knowledge. However, reviving seed diversity through supporting local seed systems, networks, and farmers' rights is key to building climate resilience. The document presents case studies from countries taking innovative approaches to enhancing seed diversity and agriculture through collaboration with small-scale farmers.
Crop diversity and climate change adaptation
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Genetically Modified Organasims
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2. A significant amount of the water used to produce this wasted food is also wasted, as agriculture requires large amounts of water. The water wasted could meet the domestic needs of over 9 billion people.
3. Addressing food waste could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by over 10% in rich countries, and help alleviate pressure on freshwater resources globally. Reducing food waste is important to help solve the growing global food crisis.
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The document discusses the importance of crop diversity for ensuring global food security. It describes how crop diversity is the biological basis of agriculture and provides resilience against threats like climate change. The Global Crop Diversity Trust was created to conserve crop diversity by raising an endowment to fund seed banks that store thousands of varieties of crops. Conserving this diversity in seed banks provides a vital resource for agriculture to develop resilient crops and ensure productive harvests now and in the future.
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- A report finding that Monsanto corn causes health issues in mammals.
- Issues around food sovereignty and yields from GM crops.
- Factors contributing to the 2008 food crisis like high oil prices and weather events.
- How corn is used for animal feed, food/seed/industry, and export.
- Impacts of corn ethanol production including high water use and pollution from fertilizers and soil erosion.
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The document analyzes changes in the American diet from 1970 to present day based on USDA data. It assigns letter grades to various food groups. Overall, the American diet receives poor marks for eating too much, with daily calories consumed up 500 since the 1970s. While consumption of some foods like fruits/veggies, dairy, grains has improved, intake of red meat, especially processed meat, remains a concern due to health risks. Americans also eat fewer whole grains than recommended.
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While more food is being produced globally than ever before, many people still experience hunger and starvation. Economic and distribution factors play a large role in this. The Green Revolution in the 1960s increased crop yields but developing nations could not afford the new technologies and machinery required. Poor farmers in these countries grow cash crops they can sell for more money instead of food for their own consumption. As a result, hunger is exacerbated by governmental and economic pressures as well as natural causes like drought and overpopulation.
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Genetically Modified Organasims
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) refer to organisms whose genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally. The document discusses the history of GMOs, including early genetically modified crops. It also outlines some pros and cons of GM foods, such as increased yields but also safety concerns. There is debate around whether India should adopt GM crops to boost agricultural production and food security or rely on traditional crops due to risks of monocultures and reduced biodiversity. Experts acknowledge both sides but note the need to evaluate risk levels of new technologies.
Geofile April 2007 Globalisation Of Food
Food production has become highly globalized and consolidated in recent decades, with a small number of huge multinational corporations now controlling most aspects of the food system from farming to retail. This has led to environmental and social problems like deforestation, pollution, exploitation of migrant workers, and unfair impacts on small farmers. At the same time, industrialized food production methods have significant hidden health and environmental costs despite improving crop yields.
Agricultural Biodiversity Nourishes People and Sustains the Planet Ann Tutwiler
Agricultural Biodiversity Nourishes People and Sustains the Planet Ann TutwilerIndependent Science and Partnership Council of the CGIAR
1) Agricultural biodiversity is crucial for nourishing people and sustaining the planet, but challenges have increased in the 21st century, including poor diets, climate change impacts, exceeding environmental boundaries, and loss of biodiversity.
2) Bioversity International's strategy targets these 21st century challenges through research on consumption, production, planting, and safeguarding of biodiversity to achieve better nutrition, resilience, adaptation and conservation.
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1. Approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food, worth over $100 billion, is wasted globally every year even as millions go hungry. This is enough food to feed the entire population of sub-Saharan Africa.
2. A significant amount of the water used to produce this wasted food is also wasted, as agriculture requires large amounts of water. The water wasted could meet the domestic needs of over 9 billion people.
3. Addressing food waste could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture by over 10% in rich countries, and help alleviate pressure on freshwater resources globally. Reducing food waste is important to help solve the growing global food crisis.
Global Crop Diversity Trust
The document discusses the importance of crop diversity for ensuring global food security. It describes how crop diversity is the biological basis of agriculture and provides resilience against threats like climate change. The Global Crop Diversity Trust was created to conserve crop diversity by raising an endowment to fund seed banks that store thousands of varieties of crops. Conserving this diversity in seed banks provides a vital resource for agriculture to develop resilient crops and ensure productive harvests now and in the future.
Food Security
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Frédéric Baudron presents arguments for why conservation should invest more in agriculture given various pressures on land and food security. Currently less than 5% of major conservation organizations' budgets are spent on agriculture despite most terrestrial land being dominated by human uses. Both wildlife-friendly farming and land sparing approaches have limitations without flexibility based on species, landscape, and socioeconomic factors. Conservation has tended to favor large vertebrates over other species and tropical areas over temperate ones. More integrated landscape approaches are needed that improve resource use efficiency, habitat connectivity, and economic incentives while supporting beneficial policies.
Globalisation Of Food Production
The globalization of food production has a long history dating back to European colonialism in the 17th century. Today, supermarkets showcase produce from around the world due to improvements in transportation technology and reductions in trade barriers and tariffs. However, globalized food systems also contribute to ongoing issues of malnutrition and poverty in developing countries by prioritizing export crops over domestic food production and trapping poor farmers in systems of dependence.
The transformative role of livestock in the developing world
Presented by Christopher Delgado (World Resources Institute) at the ILRI@40 side event on Livestock-based options for sustainable food systems, Des Moines, USA, 15 October 2014
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Food security bill
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Presentation of a journal paper led by Prof Mario Herrero, Dr. Philip Thornton of CCAFS, and several co-authors in The Lancet Planetary Health that examines the interactions between farm size, crops, and nutrient production for human use.Say No to GMOs in your diet
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Here are some sample slides of an illustrated infographic presentation design.
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Corn Symposium
The document discusses different topics related to corn production and consumption including:
- Types of corn including open pollinated, hybrid, and genetically modified varieties and the traits they are engineered for like herbicide and insect tolerance.
- A report finding that Monsanto corn causes health issues in mammals.
- Issues around food sovereignty and yields from GM crops.
- Factors contributing to the 2008 food crisis like high oil prices and weather events.
- How corn is used for animal feed, food/seed/industry, and export.
- Impacts of corn ethanol production including high water use and pollution from fertilizers and soil erosion.
- Increasing rates of obesity in Mexico linked to trade liberalization and
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Role of beneficial microbes in next green revolution
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Agricultural Biodiversity Nourishes People and Sustains the Planet Ann Tutwiler
Agricultural Biodiversity Nourishes People and Sustains the Planet Ann Tutwiler
#Food wastagefacts Food Wasateg and the Hunger Problem: Issues and Opportunit...
#Food wastagefacts Food Wasateg and the Hunger Problem: Issues and Opportunit...
Day 1_Session3_TRIPS_WASDS_Bioversity summary report and planned activities i...
Day 1_Session3_TRIPS_WASDS_Bioversity summary report and planned activities i...
The transformative role of livestock in the developing world
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Suma growvn product presentation (english version)
Suma growvn product presentation (english version)
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The document discusses the complex global food system from farm to table. It describes the various stages from farm land production of food, feed, fiber and fuel, to processing, distribution, consumption, and waste management. It notes problems like 1 billion people having too little food while 1.6 billion eat too much, and 40% of food being wasted. Alternatives discussed include localism, farmers markets, and chefs developing relationships with producers to source more sustainably.
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ทันตสุขศึกษา สุขภาพช่องปาก ในการดูแลเด็กเล็ก แก่ผู้ปกครองศูนย์พัฒนาเด็กเล็ก และผู้ที่สนใจ
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Abida Yousuf is seeking a job that utilizes her communication and organizational skills and provides opportunities for professional development. She has a B.Ed, M.Com, and M.CS degree and over 15 years of teaching experience at several schools in Lahore including Gazali Girls High School and Lahore Education Society School. She is Pakistani, Muslim, responsible, hardworking, flexible, able to work independently and in a team. Her skills include communications, computer literacy, and she is proficient in English, Urdu and Punjabi.
University Talks #1 | Вадим Орлов и Денис Ладанов - Нейробиология принятия ре...
University Talks?
Это площадка для студентов, а также для неординарных личностей, на которой они могут поделиться своими идеями, мыслями с такими же студентами.
— Наша основная цель, чтобы каждый студент реализовал свой потенциал.
— Миссия University Talks
Сформировать сообщество целеустремленных студентов, которые меняют будущее.
— Задача University Talks
Найти студентов, которые любят то, что делают.
— Цель University Talks
Создать базовую площадку для развития конференции TED в России, а также популяризировать это движение.
Bioactive restorative materials
The document discusses various bioactive materials that are used in dentistry and medicine for regeneration, repair, and reconstruction. It describes different bioactive materials like calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium-enriched mixture, Biodentine, and others. The materials are available in different forms and compositions and directly interact with tissues to induce healing and repair by stimulating growth factors and cells. The document outlines the properties, compositions, and uses of various bioactive materials in applications like pulp capping, restorations, tubule occlusion, and bone regeneration.
Orcid-nasig-presentation
ORCID is a nonprofit organization that provides unique identifiers for authors to help distinguish them from others with similar names. It aims to disambiguate authors, associate works with the correct authors, and improve discoverability of works. Universities and publishers can use ORCID to authenticate users, manage author records across different systems, and address challenges of name variations. Texas A&M University implemented ORCID registration for over 10,000 graduate students to establish their scholarly identities early in their careers.
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http://www.borlaug100.org
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The Green Revolution began in the late 1950s and coordinated wheat and rice breeding schemes to develop short, fertilizer-responsive crop varieties that were resistant to disease and insects. These new varieties were first used in India, Malaysia, and Pakistan in 1965 and produced large increases in crop yields. However, the poorest and rain-fed agricultural areas were negatively affected, suffering from greater poverty and inequality. Environmental effects included reduced need for pesticides but also problems of soil degradation, overuse of groundwater, and soil pollution from excessive fertilizer and pesticide use. Continued agricultural advances are needed to sustainably feed a growing population.
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This document discusses concerns about the promises made regarding nano-technology and genetically engineered crops as solutions to hunger and food insecurity. While these technologies are promoted as able to increase yields and nutrition, they may pose unknown health and environmental risks that are not adequately addressed. The failure of regulatory systems to safeguard consumers and the environment calls into question whether these technologies will truly benefit the poor and food insecure as claimed. Golden Rice is used as an example of how technological promises have failed to materialize despite raising false hopes and diverting resources from more sustainable solutions.
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This document is a presentation on genetically modified (GM) crops submitted by Saurabh Pandey to Prof. Dayal Doss of the Department of Plant Biotechnology at UAS GKVK. It discusses the introduction and history of GM crops, public concerns about them, issues regarding human health risks and environmental safety, leading countries in biotech crops, and strategies to address risks like gene containment and insect and herbicide resistance. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of GM crops and issues related to their development and adoption.
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionRecycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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Food security
- 1. FOOD SECURITY FEDOROFF, N.V., 2015. FOOD IN A FUTURE OF 10 BILLION. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY, 4(11). Yin, Greenie, James
- 3. FOOD RIOTS IN CAPE TOWN
- 4. FOOD PRICE
- 5. CROP DOMESTICATION – THE REVOLUTION OF CORN
- 6. INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE Rural population and average farm size through time for Whitman County, Washington (U.S. Department of Commerce 1900, 1930, 1970, 1992).
- 7. THE GREEN REVOLUTION The Green Revolution refers to a series of research and development and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s Norman Ernest (1914-2009)
- 11. CRITICISM The overwhelming evidence is that the GM foods now on the market are as safe, or safer, than non-GM. Moreover, there is no evidence that the use of GM techniques to modify organisms is associated with unique hazards.
- 14. Future solutions
- 15. Adopt GM Methods
- 17. Questions??