This document discusses different topics related to flying rules, aerodrome markings and navigation including: flying rules for IFR and VFR, aerodrome markings like runway and taxiway markings, aerodrome signs, and different types of radio navigation aids like VOR, NDB, ILS, DME, RNAV, and RNP. The objectives are for trainees to understand different flying rules, aerodrome signs and layouts, and how to identify different navigation aids.

1. Flying Rules, Aerodrome markings and navigationYuuji IzumoVATSIM Hong KongStanding Committee on Aviation Resource and Education Developmenthttp://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

2. Objectives:At the end of training, trainees should to:- Able to understanding different flying rules Able to understanding aerodrome signs and layout

3. Able to identify different navigation aids 12/25/2009MTR CorporationVATSIM Hong KongVATSIM Hong Kong

4. Website : http://hk.vatsea.netE-mail: vatsim-hk@live.hkVATSIM Hong Kong12/25/2009MTR Corporationhttp://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770

5. Today’s TopicsFlying RulesIFR / VFR 2. AerodromeMarking SignsRunwayTaxiwayLayout 3. Radio navigationVORNDBILS/DME4. Precise navigationRNAV / RNPObjects:At the end of training, trainees should to: Understand and identify foundation of an aircraft

6. Understand how control surfaces working http://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

7. AblativesDME – Distance Measure EquipmentRNP – Required Navigation Performance r/w – RunwayILS - Instrument Landing SystemIFR – Instrument Flight RulesNDB – Non-Directional BeaconTxy – TaxiwayVFR – Visual Flight RulesVOR – VHF Omni Range Objects:At the end of training, trainees should to: Understand and identify foundation of an aircraft

8. Understand how control surfaces working http://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

9. http://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong KongAerodrome layout

10. RunwayThreshold MarkingProvides width of the runway, each stripe represents 5m wide

11. The runways at VHHH has 16 stripes on each end, which they are 16x5=80m wide ->Displaced Threshold Can increase TORA

12. Landing is prohibited http://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

13. RunwayTouchdown Zone Marking [TD zone]Two SOLID blocks of marking

14. A visual reference for pilots to perform touchdown nearby the markingRunway Designation Consists of the a magnetic trackof the center-linehttp://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

15. Aerodrome Signshttp://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

16. Critical Aerodrome Signshttp://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

17. Runway BoundaryRunway Boundary Sign (Holding Point)A reference which separate between taxiway and Runways

18. The runway-side are dashed, non-runway-side are solidILS Critical Area Boundary SignA line reference which notify the traffic is crossing the ILS gild slope path and may cause ILS signal distortion for Approaching traffics.

19. May also serve as Runway Boundary Sign for ILS CAI II / III runway.http://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

20. Critical MarkingsBlast Pad MarkingDenotes the area of Blast Pad

21. Take-off and landing are strictly prohibitedClosed MarkingThe 'X' Indicates that the taxiway/runway is not in service.

22. However runway with the “X” sign can also considered as taxiway.http://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

23. Taxiway markingsTaxiway center-lineSolid yellowTaxiway edgeDouble dash yellow

24. Allowed to cross

25. Double solid yellow

26. Not allowed to crossVehicle Roadway MarkingsMainly for ground crew Roadway center-lineDash whiteRoadway edgeSolid or zipper style white (same usage)Taxiways Markinghttp://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

27. PAPI Precision Approach Path IndicatorPrecision Approach Path IndicatorPAPI Consist of four lights visible from distance

28. Color pattern changes as aircraft's glide angle from touchdown zone

29. The steepness of the glide path shouldbe usually 3°

30. For visual reference, does not coincide with ILS during finalWhat is a glide path?http://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

31. Aerodrome LightingRunway Centerline (White, with Red at the end)Glide SlopeRunway Edge (White, with Yellow at the end)PAPI (Red and White)Threshold (Green bar)Approach Lighting System (Varies)http://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

32. Aerodrome LightingRunway endTaxiway Centerline (Green)Taxiway Edge (Blue)Intersecting taxiwayshttp://hk.vatsea.net/(+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong

33. http://hk.vatsea.net (+852) 35947770VATSIM Hong Kong