This document discusses several aviation topics including land and hold short operations (LAHSO), airport lighting, visual glideslope indicators, automated terminal information service (ATIS) broadcasts, and runway entrance lights. LAHSO clearances allow aircraft to land and then hold short of an intersecting runway or taxiway to increase airport efficiency. The document outlines pilot responsibilities and safety considerations for LAHSO. It also provides details on common types of airport lighting including approach lighting systems, runway lighting, and visual glideslope indicators to help pilots visualize the glidepath. Lastly, it lists the elements often contained in ATIS broadcasts such as weather, altimeter settings, and runway in use information.

1. LAHSO RUNWAY INCURSIONS
TRAFFIC PATTERN
WIND INDICATORS
ATIS
AIRPORT LIGHTING
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

2. Is a location where aircraft such as fixed-
wing aircraft, helicopters, etc. T/O and Land.
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

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Sanchez

4. AIM 2-3-3
Visual Non-Precision PrecisionCreated By: Edwin A. Pitty
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6. Sometimes construction,
maintenance, or other
activities require the
threshold to be relocated
towards the rollout end of the
runway.
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

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Sanchez

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9. The soft concrete bed, called EMAS, for
engineered material arresting systems,
extends about 600 feet from the runway's
end Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

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Sanchez

14. AIM 4-3-11
Land and Hold Short Clearances (LAHSO) are
issued by ATC at towered airports to increase
efficiency
• Hold short points can be:
– Intersecting runway.
– Intersecting taxiway.
– Other designated hold short point.
• Pilots must stop the aircraft prior to reaching the
designated hold short point.
– Failure to do so may compromise safety.
– The pilot has the option to decline a LAHSO clearance
when issued.
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

15. Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

16. • Pilot has final authority to accept LAHSO
• Become familiar with LAHSO operations at destination prior
to departure
– Consult A/FD
• In the event of a rejected landing, maintain safe separation
and notify ATC immediately
• Readback all LAHSO clearances in full
– Do not make controller ask for a readback
• Maintain situational awareness
– Have airport diagram and ALD info available
• Brief other cockpit crewmembers
• Pilots should only be issued LAHSO clearances with ceilings
at least 1,000’ and visibility 3 SMCreated By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

17. Airport lighting may include one or more of the following:
– Airport beacon
– Visual glideslope indicators
– Runway lighting
• Edge lighting
• Runway centerline lighting
• Touchdown zone lighting
• Taxiway lead-off lights
– Taxiway lighting
• Edge lighting
• Taxiway centerline lighting
– Approach lighting system
– Obstruction lighting Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

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Sanchez

19. Visual glideslope indicators are light systems
which indicate your position in relation to the
desired glide path to the runway
– Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
– Tricolor VASI
– Pulsating Approach Path Indicator (PLASI)
– Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

20. • Normally set at 3 glide path
• Safe obstruction clearance within 10 of center-line
and 4 NM
• Visible from 3-5 miles (day) and 20 miles (night)
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

21. • Three-bar VASI provides two glide paths
– Near and middle bars same as 2 bar VASI
– Middle and far bars form an upper glide path for
large aircraft
• ¼ degree steeper than first VASI set
• 700 feet beyond middle bars
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

22. Tri-Color VASI
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Sanchez

24. • Single light unit projecting a two color visual
approach path
• Range is 4 miles (day) and 10 miles (night)
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

25. • Obstructions not in the vicinity of an airport
– Red or white beacons and/or flashing lights are
used to mark man-made obstructions and hazards
to aerial navigation
• Airport obstruction lighting
– Steady red lights mark obstructions and hazards
in the vicinity of an airport
• Includes end-of-runway lights
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

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29. RWLS
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30. • AC 91-73A
– Five major categories:
• Planning
• Situational Awareness
• Use of Written Taxi Instructions
• ATC/Pilot Communications
• Taxiing
• AC 120-74A
– Adds one more category:
• Intra-Flightdeck/Cockpit Verbal Coordination
Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

31. ICAO Station
Winds
Visibility & Obstructions to Visibility
Temperature
Altimeter Setting
Ceiling Conditions
Runway in Use
Ceilings and visibility may not be reported if
ceilings are above 5,000 feet, and/or the visibility is
greater than 5 SM. Created By: Edwin A. Pitty
Sanchez

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