Fluid_Statics.pptx
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This document discusses concepts in fluid statics including: - Fluid statics deals with fluids at rest with no relative motion between layers. - In fluid statics, only normal stresses exist and shear stresses are zero. - Pascal's law states that pressure is transmitted undiminished in all directions in a confined fluid and pressure can be measured using various instruments like manometers. - The forces on surfaces immersed in fluids depend on factors like the fluid properties, depth, and orientation of the surface.
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Fluid_Statics.pptx
- 1. CEE 205 Fluid Mechanics Fluid Statics
- 2. Fluid Statics At rest No relative motion Moving with same velocity In statics the particles of fluid is at rest or there is no relative motion between adjacent layers. Hydrostatics Aerostatics
- 3. Stress Acting in Fluid Statics No Shear stress Only normal stress Significant in gravity fields only
- 4. Pascal’s Law Pascal's law states that pressure at any point is the same in all directions and hence it is a scalar quantity in fluid statics. Pascal's law states that any two points at same elevation in a continuous mass of static fluid will be at the same pressure. Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure variations (initial differences) remain the same.
- 5. Pressure at a Point in Static Fluid
- 6. Pressure Measurement Reference Absolute Zero or complete Vacuum Absolute Pressure Local Atmospheric Pressure Absolute Pressure Gauge Pressure Negative Gauge Pressure or Vacuum Pressure
- 8. Pressure Measurement: Manometer Piezometer U tube manometer Differential manometer Multiple tube manometer Multiple liquid manometer Inclined tube manometer Inverted U tube manometer Manometer with enlarged ends
- 10. Manometer with Enlarged Ends
- 11. Example: As shown in figure water flows through pipe A and B. The pressure difference of these two points is to be measured by multiple tube manometers. Oil with specific gravity 0.88 is in the upper portion of inverted U-tube and mercury with specific gravity 13.6 in the bottom of both bends. Determine the pressure difference.
- 12. Pressure Variation in Static Fluid
- 13. Forces on a Plane Area Immersed in Liquid
- 14. Total Force and Centre of Pressure
- 15. Forces on a Curves Surface Immersed in Liquid The horizontal force, FH equals the force on the plane area formed by the projection of the curved surface onto a vertical plane normal to the component. The vertical component equals to the weight of the entire column of fluid, both liquid and atmospheric above the curved surface.
- 16. Fluid Under Rigid Body Motion In rigid‐body motion, all particles are in combined translation and rotation, and there is no relative motion between particles. The pressure gradient acts in the direction of g – a and lines of constant pressure (including the free surface, if any) are perpendicular to this direction and thus tilted at a downward angle θ.
- 17. Fluid Under Rigid Body Motion
- 18. Fluid Under Rigid Body Motion
- 19. Fluid Under Rigid Body Motion: Forced Vortex
- 20. Fluid Under Rigid Body Motion: Forced Vortex Equations
- 22. Swimming
- 23. Stability of Submerged Bodies Unstable Equilibrium Stable Equilibrium Neutral Equilibrium
- 24. Stability of Floating Bodies Stable Equilibrium GM>0 (M is above G) Unstable Equilibrium GM<0 (M is below G) Neutral Equilibrium GM=0 (M coincides with G)