Flowers have different parts that allow plants to reproduce. Sepals protect the bud, petals attract pollinators, and reproductive parts include carpels and stamens. Carpels contain ovaries, styles and stigmas while stamens contain filaments and anthers. Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred, allowing fertilization to take place in the ovary and seeds to develop. Seeds are then dispersed by various methods like wind, water, or animals so new plants can grow in different locations away from the parent plant and not be overcrowded. During germination, seeds need water and warmth to grow into new plants, completing the life cycle of flowering plants.

1. BY REHAB WAKED 1
Year 5 science
Flowers parts and its function
There are thousands of kinds of plants, botanists 1
divided plants into two
main groups:
1- Flowering plants.
2- Non-flowering plants.
** Flowering plants:
Flowers comes in different shapes, sizes and colours. Some are brightly coloured, some
are scented and some are neither brightly nor scented.
- flowers are the main organs of the plant responsible for reproduction 2
parts of a flower and their functions
1
Botanists are scientists who study plants.
2
Produce another plant.

2. BY REHAB WAKED 2
Year 5 science
Sepal :
 Sepals are small, leaf-shaped, green-coloured and outermost part of
the flower.
 The functions of sepals:
 Providing support and protection to the bud.
 Preventing the bud from drying out.
Petals:
 Petals are the outer colored part of a flower after sepals.
 The function of flower petals:
 Is to attract pollinators such as butterflies and bees.
 To protect the inner part of the flower.
Reproductive parts of the flower:
The female organs of the flower (carpel):
- Ovary—{is the enlarged part in the base of the carpel}.
Its job is to hold the ovules and keep them safe until the flower gets
pollinated.
- Style — {this is the long stalk (tube) above the ovary}.
Its job is to hold up and support the stigma and transport the pollen to the
ovary.
- Stigma — {is the sticky part on top of the style}.
Its job is to collect pollen, the growing process first begins on the stigma.
- Ovules — {are the seeds before fertilization}

3. BY REHAB WAKED 3
Year 5 science
The male organs of the flower (stamen):
- Filament—{is the long stalk of the stamen}.
Its job is to hold the anther up high so the insects would be able to collect the
pollens.
- Anther — {it is on top of the filament}.
Its job is to produce pollens.
Nectar is a sugary liquid formed by glands called nectaries at the base of flower petals
in the carpal to attract insects.
plants have male and female parts together in same flower like jasmine, others have
the male part in one flower and the female part in another flower like corn and other
plants have the male part in one plant and the female part on another plant like palm
trees.
Flowers attract insects by beautiful colours of the petals or nice scent or nectar (juice).
**Non-flowering plants:
These are the group of plants that don’t need flowers to reproduce.
Examples:
Conifers mosses ferns

4. BY REHAB WAKED 4
Year 5 science
The life a cycle of flowering plants
Plants are living things, one of the life processes of them is reproduction.
Reproduction: when living things reproduce; they make a new young flowering plants.
Reproduction takes many steps.
Step 1: Pollination:
The plant needs to get the pollen (fine powder)
from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female
part) of the flower.
This is called “pollination”
There are two types of pollination:
1- Cross pollination
- When pollens transfer from one plant to
another plant of the same type.
2- Self-pollination
- When the pollens go from the anther to the
stigma of the same plant.

5. BY REHAB WAKED 5
Year 5 science
Plant can’t move the pollen by itself, so it needs help. This help is provided by “pollinators”.
Types of pollinators
A- Animals; such as mammals, birds and insects.
These pollinators brush against pollen and accidentally carry it to another flower where it
sticks to the stigma.
These pollinators are attracted to the flowers by:
Brightly coloured flowers.
Nice scent.
Nectar.
B- Wind-pollination
 Most grass flowers do not attract insects or animals, so they use wind to transfer
pollens.
 That’s why most of the grass flowers pollens are tiny, light and easier to be carried by
wind.
 Most wind-pollinated plants have dull (not colourful) flowers or nectar because they
don’t need animal pollinators.
- About 40% of the world’s insects are threatened with extinction (dying out), this is
mostly because of using pesticide (chemicals used to kill harmful insects). This may
affect pollination.
- One third of all the food we eat relies (depends) on pollinators for reproduction.
- We should stop using pesticides and find another safe way to fight harmful insects in
order to protect pollinators.

6. BY REHAB WAKED 6
Year 5 science
Step 2: Fertilisation:
Once the pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower of
the same kind of plant.
- The pollen grain grows a pollen tube down through
the centre of the style towards the ovary.
- The male cell inside the pollen grain passes down
the tube to join with the female cell in the ovule.
This called fertilisation; we say that the plant has
been fertilised.
- After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a fruit
where seeds grow.
Step 3: Seed development:
After fertilisation, the ovary develops into a fruit. This is
where seeds grow.
Seeds grow into new plans (this is the importance of
seeds).
Seeds have 3 main parts:
ჱ Embryo; which is the baby plant.
ჱ Seed coat; protects the seed from damage.
ჱ Food store; food supply for the embryo.
Embryo needs food store so it can grow until it’s able to make its own food by the
leaves.
Step 4: Seed dispersal:
- When the whole fruit or just its seeds move away from the parent plant, this is
called seed dispersal (seeds scatter or spreading away).
- Seed dispersal happens when the fruit is ripe and the seeds are ready to grow into new
plants.
- When the conditions are right for growth, seeds will geminate.
- If there was no seed dispersal the plants will instinct (disappear from the earth)

7. BY REHAB WAKED 7
Year 5 science
What is importance of seed dispersal?!
If all seeds of a plant fall under the parent plant they will grow crowded together and
many will die because of lack of space or air, water, sunlight and minerals. Therefore, it
is better seeds getting scattered far and wide and have a better chance of growing in a
suitable place without overcrowding.
Different seeds disperse in different ways…
Ways of dispersal
1- Wind dispersal
We can divide the fruits that use wind into 3 groups:
2- Water dispersal
〉 Many plants have seeds that use water as a means of
dispersal. The seeds float away from the parent plant.
〉 These seeds have a hard seed coat that allows them to
float down streams and rivers.
〉 Examples: water lilies and coconut fruit.
Gliders Parachutes Shakers
Some trees fruits have stiff
(firm) wings. When they fall
off the tree, they glide or spin
in the wind.
Some fruits have very light,
fluffy parts that look like
parachutes. The wind blows
these off the parent plant.
Some fruits have opening on
the top. When the wind binds
the stalk, the small, light seeds
fall out. The wind then blows
them away

8. BY REHAB WAKED 8
Year 5 science
3- Animals and human dispersal
Animals disperse seeds in several ways…
☞ Some seeds have hooks that catch on animal fur or human clothes.
The seeds are then carried a far distance from the parent
plant to give them space to grow. Eventually, the seed
may fall off, or be rubbed off by the animal.
☞ Some seeds are eaten by birds or animals then
come out in their droppings.
These seeds attract the birds by their bright colours
and also they smell and taste good.
☞ Some animals carry the seeds away and burry
them away from the parent plant, the seeds then grow in
the right condition.
4- Dispersal by explosion
Some plants, like peas, have seedpods that dry out once
the seeds are ripe. When dry, the pods split open and
the seeds scatter.
5- Drop and roll:
Some seeds –like chestnut) just drop off of the trees.
When they hit the ground they roll away from the plant.
When they reach the ground, some seeds are taken
further from the parent plant by animals or water.

9. BY REHAB WAKED 9
Year 5 science
Step 5: Germination:
In the right condition, the seed will grow into a new plant like the parent plant.
This what is called “germination”.
Seeds need to grow
- Seeds need water – not all seeds need the same amount of water.
- Seeds need warmth – temperature affects:
Germination rate (the percentage of seeds the germinate)3
Germination time (how long it takes for seeds to germinate).
Seeds don't need
- Seeds don’t need light to germinate as they are buried in the soil, because they have
their own store of food until the plant has leaves and then can use sunlight to make
food.
- Soil, seeds may grow on a piece of wet cotton at first
Now, you have learnt about the series of stages in the growth of a living thing. It is
called (a life cycle).
- 3
Seeds from different plants have different "germination rates". This means that different percentages of all the seeds
planted will germinate.
(if you planted 100 seed and only 88 of the seeds germinated, germination rate is 88%)

10. BY REHAB WAKED 10
Year 5 science

11. BY REHAB WAKED 11
Year 5 science