Floriculture Sector in Sri Lanka
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Sri Lanka is renowned to be one of the world’s best quality production centres, with floriculture production ranging from tropical to temperate and therefore, geared to meet export orders throughout the year.
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Protected cultivation
This document provides information on protected cultivation using greenhouses. It discusses the benefits of protected cultivation including higher yields, year-round production, better quality, and protection from weather. Greenhouses allow full or partial control of the microclimate around plants. Vegetables and flowers are well-suited for greenhouses. The types of greenhouses described are attached (lean-to, even-span, window-mounted) and freestanding structures. Requirements for greenhouse covering materials and fertigation systems are also outlined. India has an area of 25,000 hectares under protected cultivation currently, compared to other leading countries. The costs for establishing one acre of greenhouse with irrigation and climate control systems to grow cucumbers are
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Protected cultivation involves controlling the microclimate around plants to protect crops from adverse weather. It allows for higher yields, year-round cultivation, improved quality, and off-season production. Common crops suited for protected cultivation include tomatoes, capsicum, cucumbers, beans, and flowers. Proper site selection, orientation, structure type, production system, and climate control are important for successful protected cultivation. Potential issues include nutrient deficiencies or excesses, toxic gases, and pest and disease attacks.
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seed viability dormancy and storage
This document discusses seed viability, dormancy, and storage. It defines seed viability as the ability of a seed to germinate and produce a normal seedling. Seed viability can be reduced by adverse weather during development or environmental conditions after maturity. Methods to test viability include tetrazolium tests, germination tests, and x-ray analysis. Seed dormancy is when viable seeds do not germinate under favorable conditions. Causes of dormancy include impermeable seed coats and immature embryos. Dormancy can be broken through mechanical or chemical scarification. Seed storage aims to maintain seed quality until planting by keeping seeds dry and cool in sealed containers or conditioned facilities.
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High density planting (HDP)
High Density Planting is a method of densely planting plant with plant population more than the optimum to get higher productivity in terms of quality and yield by manipulating the tree architecture and planting systems such as use of dwarfing rootstock, interstocks, scions, spurs; intensive use of growth regulators, training and pruning, cultural practices and reducing the spacing. The main principle is to improve efficiency of horizontal and vertical space utilisation per unit time, and resources and input utilisation. There is a balance between the vegetative and fruiting structures without affecting the plant health. Advantages include increased productivity, high income, efficient use of resources and mechanisation and operational efficacy
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Rouging and its significance
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Rouging for quality seed production,
A major source of off-type plant,
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1. The document provides information about the crops Mustard and Rapeseed, including their botanical names, uses, cultivation practices, and yields.
2. Mustard and Rapeseed are the third most important edible oilseed crops worldwide. They are grown in many countries including India, where they account for nearly one-third of edible oil production.
3. The document discusses the crops' origins, varieties, seed rates, land preparation, irrigation needs, harvesting, and expected yields. Mustard yields are typically higher than Rapeseed at 2.0-2.5 tons/hectare compared to 1.4-2.0 tons/hectare.
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This document provides information about breeding in litchi fruit. It discusses the botanical details of litchi, desirable characteristics for litchi cultivar selection including large fruit size, small seeds, good color and shelf life. Breeding objectives are to develop dwarf varieties that are regular bearers. Methods discussed include emasculation, hybridization between varieties like Purabi and Bedana that resulted in new cultivars. Future areas could include developing parthenocarpic seedless varieties and using biotechnology tools like tissue culture.
Crop regulation and off season fruit production
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It then discusses the three main types of garden carnations - border/malmaision, perpetual flowering, and marguerite or chabud. The document also covers carnation varieties, ideal soil and climate conditions, propagation through cuttings, bed preparation, planting, nutrient and water management, pruning and training techniques, and pest and disease control.
It concludes with sections on harvesting and yields, post-harvest handling including grading, packing and storage, and a brief thank you.
Seed treatment
Seed treatment involves subjecting seeds to compounds, processes, or energy to enhance planting value. Historically, seeds were steeped in substances like milk, cow dung, and honey according to Indian scripts. Modern seed treatment effectively controls many seed-borne diseases. Methods include coating seeds with chemicals, pelleting seeds with pesticides and nutrients, and priming seeds by soaking in osmotic solutions. This stimulates germination without radicle emergence. Seed treatment offers local application, reduced rates, protection from sowing, and systemic uptake by plants. Major crops are often treated with fungicides, biocontrol agents like Trichoderma, or insecticides to control various diseases and pests.
Grow out test
Genetic purity testing is important to ensure seeds conform to the characteristics of the intended variety. There are minimum genetic purity standards for different seed classes. Grow-out testing involves growing out the seed sample alongside a standard variety to observe morphological characteristics. For grow-out testing, the seed sample is sown in a controlled environment using recommended agronomic practices. Throughout growth, plants are examined and any off-types compared to the standard variety are recorded. The percentage of off-types is calculated to determine if the sample meets the genetic purity standards. Grow-out testing helps ensure farmers receive true-to-type seeds and seed producers maintain variety integrity.
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This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
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- There are early, mid, and late season varieties of broccoli suitable for different climates. Varieties also differ based on heading type and heat tolerance. Common varieties include Palam Kanchan, Palam Vichitra, and Flash.
- Broccoli grows best in sandy loam soils with a pH of 5.5-6.8 and requires moderate fertilizer and irrigation. Pests like diamond back moths and diseases like downy mildew must be controlled through integrated pest management.
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AGRI & FOOD PROCESSING
1. Favoured destination for Agri-business and Food Processing industry with abundant raw material base,
skilled workforce, strong supporting ecosystem, and an industry friendly policy environment.
2. Home to 10 Agro-climatic zones on the basis of soil structure, topography, vegetation, elevation and
rainfall which supports a wide variety of crops.
3. Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country, contributing 70% to national production.
4. Largest producer of Silk in the country accounting for 35% of the Silk production in the country
containing 49 Silk Farms and 92 Silk cooperatives.
5. Only producer of Rose Onions in the country, which are exported to Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia,
Brunei, Bahrain, and UAE.
6. Karnataka is among the top producers of pomegranate, grapes, mango, lime/lemon and orange creating
opportunities for manufacturing products like juice, pulp, squash and jams
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This document provides information about breeding in litchi fruit. It discusses the botanical details of litchi, desirable characteristics for litchi cultivar selection including large fruit size, small seeds, good color and shelf life. Breeding objectives are to develop dwarf varieties that are regular bearers. Methods discussed include emasculation, hybridization between varieties like Purabi and Bedana that resulted in new cultivars. Future areas could include developing parthenocarpic seedless varieties and using biotechnology tools like tissue culture.
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This document discusses greenhouse cultivation of gerbera flowers. It begins by introducing gerbera, its scientific name, family, and origin in South Africa and Asia. It then discusses important varieties and the benefits of greenhouse technology for gerbera cultivation, which allows for efficient use of resources and 10-12 times higher yields. The document provides details on site selection, general practices like soil preparation, planting techniques, and harvesting. It concludes that greenhouse cultivation is more profitable than open cultivation and has the potential to support gerbera export.
Seed rate calculation
This document provides examples of how to calculate the seed rate per hectare for different crops. It lists the key factors needed for calculation such as spacing, germination percentage, purity percentage, 1000 grain weight, and plant population per hectare. It then shows step-by-step calculations for seed rates of various crops like mung bean, pigeon pea, groundnut, green gram, jute, maize, upland rice, and rice. The calculations follow a consistent formula and take into account additional needs like seeds for gap filling.
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Flooded soils, also known as hydric soils, form when soils are saturated with water for a sufficiently long time each year, resulting in gley horizons from oxidation-reduction processes. Flooded soils have three zones - an upper partially oxidized organic matter-rich zone, a mottled middle zone where oxidation and reduction occur, and a lower permanently reduced bluish-green zone. Physical, chemical, and biological changes occur in flooded soils, including soil compaction, puddling, accumulation of gases like carbon dioxide, and changes in redox potential and pH. Management of flooded soils involves drainage installation, controlled irrigation, crop selection, and planting of trees with high transpiration rates to remove excess water.
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This document discusses canopy management techniques for high density orchards in temperate regions. It begins by outlining the objectives and principles of canopy management, which involves operations on the above-ground portion of plants to maximize production of quality fruits per unit canopy area. Some key techniques discussed include selecting appropriate planting systems, developing the tree frame through pruning young branches, training plants in an open center system, and opening the center of mature trees to improve fruiting and disease resistance.
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This document discusses the importance and benefits of soilless culture in fruit cultivation. It begins by outlining challenges facing Indian farmers like drought, pollution, and lack of irrigation. Soilless culture is presented as a solution that uses less water and resources while improving yields. Various soilless techniques are described, including solution culture/hydroponics, solid media methods using materials like coconut coir and rockwool, and aeroponics. Key benefits are greater control over nutrition, diseases, water use, and predictable yields. Common crops grown soilless include tomatoes, lettuce, and strawberries. The conclusion emphasizes soilless culture can boost yields while reducing environmental impacts of agriculture.
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The document discusses how to calculate fertilizer requirements based on recommended nutrient doses. It provides fertilizer factors for common fertilizers like urea, DAP, SSP, and MOP based on their nutrient contents. It then shows examples of calculations to determine the required amounts of different fertilizers given a recommended dose of 120:60:40 kg/ha of N:P:K. The amounts calculated are 260.4 kg/ha of urea, 375 kg/ha of SSP, and 66.67 kg/ha of MOP. A second example calculates the amounts of DAP, urea, and MOP as 130.43 kg/ha of DAP, 210.87 kg/ha of u
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This document summarizes the production technology of mangoes. It discusses that mangoes are the national fruit of India and are grown widely across states. It describes the botany of mango trees and their various uses. It provides details on suitable soil and climate conditions for mango cultivation. It also lists popular mango varieties grown in different regions of India. The document discusses mango hybrids and propagation through grafting. It describes the process of grafting and its various techniques. It concludes with information on flowering, fruiting and factors that influence fruit setting in mango trees.
Carnation
This document provides information on the cultivation practices of carnation. It begins with an introduction to carnations, describing their importance as a cut flower, uses including decorations for special occasions, and composition of volatile oils extracted from the flowers.
It then discusses the three main types of garden carnations - border/malmaision, perpetual flowering, and marguerite or chabud. The document also covers carnation varieties, ideal soil and climate conditions, propagation through cuttings, bed preparation, planting, nutrient and water management, pruning and training techniques, and pest and disease control.
It concludes with sections on harvesting and yields, post-harvest handling including grading, packing and storage, and a brief thank you.
Seed treatment
Seed treatment involves subjecting seeds to compounds, processes, or energy to enhance planting value. Historically, seeds were steeped in substances like milk, cow dung, and honey according to Indian scripts. Modern seed treatment effectively controls many seed-borne diseases. Methods include coating seeds with chemicals, pelleting seeds with pesticides and nutrients, and priming seeds by soaking in osmotic solutions. This stimulates germination without radicle emergence. Seed treatment offers local application, reduced rates, protection from sowing, and systemic uptake by plants. Major crops are often treated with fungicides, biocontrol agents like Trichoderma, or insecticides to control various diseases and pests.
Grow out test
Genetic purity testing is important to ensure seeds conform to the characteristics of the intended variety. There are minimum genetic purity standards for different seed classes. Grow-out testing involves growing out the seed sample alongside a standard variety to observe morphological characteristics. For grow-out testing, the seed sample is sown in a controlled environment using recommended agronomic practices. Throughout growth, plants are examined and any off-types compared to the standard variety are recorded. The percentage of off-types is calculated to determine if the sample meets the genetic purity standards. Grow-out testing helps ensure farmers receive true-to-type seeds and seed producers maintain variety integrity.
Horticultural practices in vegetable crops
This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
"Crop Regualtion in Citrus; A special reference to acid lime"
The document discusses crop regulation techniques in acid lime cultivation. It provides data on export quantity and value of lime from India. It also shares information on acid lime cultivation in Vijaypur district of Karnataka, including seasonal price and arrival indices. The document examines the performance of various acid lime varieties for Hasta Bahar under Akola conditions, looking at growth, yield, quality and biochemical attributes. It evaluates cultivar performance based on plant growth, yield attributes, and fruit quality factors.
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- Broccoli is a cool season vegetable crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It is rich in vitamins A, C, and K as well as antioxidants like sulforaphane.
- There are early, mid, and late season varieties of broccoli suitable for different climates. Varieties also differ based on heading type and heat tolerance. Common varieties include Palam Kanchan, Palam Vichitra, and Flash.
- Broccoli grows best in sandy loam soils with a pH of 5.5-6.8 and requires moderate fertilizer and irrigation. Pests like diamond back moths and diseases like downy mildew must be controlled through integrated pest management.
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This document provides an overview of sorghum cultivation practices. It discusses the taxonomy, botany, economic importance, distribution, varieties, growth stages, nutrient management, irrigation, weed management, and harvesting of sorghum. Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop worldwide and is used for food, fodder, and production of alcoholic beverages. It is tolerant of drought and heat and is well suited to dry, hot climates. Proper soil preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation, and weed control are required to maximize sorghum yields.
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Grapes are an important fruit crop cultivated in India. The document discusses the botany, varieties, cultivation practices and harvesting of grapes. It states that grapes require a hot, dry climate and are mainly grown in the peninsular region of India. Popular varieties discussed include Thompson Seedless, Anab-e-Shahi, and Bangalore Blue. The document outlines best practices for soil type, irrigation, training, pruning, pest and disease management, and harvesting grapes. Key production statistics are also provided on major varieties and yields.
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Similar to Floriculture Sector in Sri Lanka
AGRI & FOOD PROCESSING
1. Favoured destination for Agri-business and Food Processing industry with abundant raw material base,
skilled workforce, strong supporting ecosystem, and an industry friendly policy environment.
2. Home to 10 Agro-climatic zones on the basis of soil structure, topography, vegetation, elevation and
rainfall which supports a wide variety of crops.
3. Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country, contributing 70% to national production.
4. Largest producer of Silk in the country accounting for 35% of the Silk production in the country
containing 49 Silk Farms and 92 Silk cooperatives.
5. Only producer of Rose Onions in the country, which are exported to Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia,
Brunei, Bahrain, and UAE.
6. Karnataka is among the top producers of pomegranate, grapes, mango, lime/lemon and orange creating
opportunities for manufacturing products like juice, pulp, squash and jams
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This document discusses aflatoxins, which are toxic metabolites produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus that commonly infect crops like maize and groundnuts. Aflatoxins pose serious health risks to consumers and reduce trade. The document summarizes research showing that applying atoxigenic strains of A. flavus through products like Aflasafe can competitively exclude toxigenic strains, reducing aflatoxin levels in crops by over 80% both before and after storage. Aflasafe works through soil application and has shown promise in on-farm trials across Africa led by IITA and partners to improve food security and health while enabling trade.exportopportunitiesforagro-basedproducts-140804115646-phpapp01.pptx
India has significant potential to increase its agricultural exports given its large arable land, diverse climate zones, and status as a top global producer of many commodities. However, India currently accounts for less than 1.5% of the global food trade market worth $650 billion annually. Constraints like low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, quality issues, and an inability to meet other countries' standards have limited India's agricultural export growth. The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is working to promote exports by developing industries, setting standards, improving market access, and more. Initiatives like establishing Agri Export Zones aim to address challenges across the entire value chain from production to consumer.
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Sess2 2 dr ian barker sponsor keynote- role of the private sector, private-...
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B4FA 2012 Ghana: Seed Trade Environment in Ghana - Daniel Otunge
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www.b4fa.org
Export potentialities of agro & food products india
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The horticulture industry consists of the production of fruits, vegetables and flowers. In today’s world,
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export & import 3
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Eighth bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III)...
Eighth bulletin of the quarterly publication of Tropical Legumes III (TL III)...Tropical Legumes III
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1) Traceability systems allow the tracking of goods throughout the supply chain and are important for food safety. They help facilitate recalls and identify production issues.
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Agriculture and food security dimentions of aflatoxin
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exportopportunitiesforagro-basedproducts-140804115646-phpapp01.pptx
exportopportunitiesforagro-basedproducts-140804115646-phpapp01.pptx
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B4FA 2012 Ghana: Seed Trade Environment in Ghana - Daniel Otunge
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Synopsis & toc global horticulture (2014 -2018) - pink and healthy
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The word ‘Innovation’ literally means a new idea,
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Expo News - November 2020
This document provides a summary of export promotion activities by the Sri Lanka Export Development Board (EDB) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses how the EDB has organized numerous online business-to-business meetings and webinars connecting Sri Lankan exporters with foreign buyers in markets like the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. These virtual events have focused on sectors such as agriculture, apparel, industrial products, and services. The EDB also outlines forthcoming online business programs planned with countries like China, South Korea, Pakistan, and Turkey. Additionally, the UK has assured Sri Lanka that it will continue to receive the same EU trade preferences after Brexit.
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Floriculture Sector in Sri Lanka
- 1. FLORICULTURE SECTOR i n S R I L A N K A
- 2. Sri Lanka’s export oriented Floriculture Industry was established during 1980/81 and has emerged as a reliable supplier of a wide-range of quality floriculture products across the world. The country is renowned to be one of the world’s best quality production centres, with floriculture products ranging from tropical to temperate and therefore, geared to meet export orders through out the year. The products are grown providing optimum micro climatic conditions under poly or shade houses. The natural substrate coco peat, a bi-product of the coconut fibre industry is also freely available as a growing medium for floriculture and advanced irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are applied. In order to facilitate safe movement of plants and plant products a well-equipped plant quarantine facility is available and quarantine officials make regular visits to the floriculture nurseries and closely supervise and advise on integrated pest management and disease control. Export companies have obtained environmental and quality certifications such as GLOBALGAP, MPS and FAIR TRADE label to comply with requirements of the international market, with a consistent guarantee in product delivery.
- 3. Floriculture Products in Demand Ornamental Foliage Plants Cut Decorative Foliage Cut Flowers Aquarium Plants Landscaping Plants Tissue Cultured Plants Geographical Distribution Across The Country a. Major Production Regions Western province: Gampaha, Kaluthara and Colombo Districts North Western Province: Kurunegala, Puttalam Districts Central Province: Kandy, Kegalle, Matale, Nuwara-Eliya, Bandarawela b. Possible Areas for Expansion Southern Province Sabaragamuwa Province
- 4. Supply Base and Major Markets Supply Base All major exporters are producer exporters operating their own nurseries. Some have arranged out-grower systems on their own, under the supply development assistance schemes & other provincial development programmes organised by EDB and other government institutions.
- 5. Sri Lanka is capable of supplying a variety of floriculture products to markets such as the Netherlands, Japan, Garmany, Saubi Arabia. UK, UAE, Quatar, Kuwait, Maldivs, France, USA, Australia. Sri Lanka has recorded a 43% growth during January - August 2013, when compared to the figures during the same period, the previous year. Figures indicate that there are emerging markets in 2013 such as Swaziland, Uruguay, and Iraq.
- 6. Government Support The government has identified the Floriculture Sector as a priority sector for development and promotion of exports. The Department of National Botanic Gardens provides training for growers. Financial assistance schemes are provided for growers/exporters to encourage investment. The National Plant Quarantine service under the Department of Agriculture provides extension services for pest & disease control. Various Tax concessions provided by the government for Agriculture Sector are also applicable for the Floriculture Sector. The government encourages Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in the sector. The Export Development Board provides market intelligence and assistance for export marketing.
- 8. For further information please contact: SRI LANKA EXPORT DEVELOPMENT BOARD NDB-EDB Tower No.42, Navam Mawatha, Colombo 02, Sri Lanka. Tel : +94 11 2300705-11 Fax : +94 11 2300715 Email : edb@tradenetsl.lk Web : www.srilankabussiness.com SRI LANKA EXPORT DEVELOPMENT BOARD