The five-factor model of personality identifies five broad domains or factors of personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Researchers including Raymond Cattell, Gordon Allport, Robert McCrae and Paul Costa contributed to the development and validation of this model. Each of the five factors represents a continuum between two extremes. The five-factor model is now widely used to study individual differences in personality and their implications.

1.  The five-factor model has been developed by a
number of researchers. Raymond Cattell and Gordon
Allport have influenced its development. Robert
McCrae and Paul Costa consolidating and adding on
to these works developed the five-factor model in the
1990’s.
 Since the late 20th Century, these factors have been
used to measure, and develop a better understanding
of, individual differences in personality.
 Each of these traits falls on a continuum from low to
high.
 The five factors may be easily remembered using the
acronym ‘OCEAN’.
FIVE FACTOR MODEL OF
PERSONALITY

2. Five factor model of personality
OPENNESS
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
EXTRAVENSION
AGREEABLENESS NEUROTICISM

3. OPENNESS
• Openness to Experience.
• Willingness to try new activities.
• Think unconventionally and originally
• Familiarity, predictability, and reassurance of routines.
• Associated with intelligence when measuring
personality factors.
• Person scoring low on openness to experience is
apprehensive of the unknown.
• They feel uncomfortable in unfamiliar situations and
prefer familiar environments.

4. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
• More aware of their actions and the consequences of
their behavior
• Responsible
• Keep a tidy environment and are well-organized.
• Good timekeeping.
• Exhibit more goal-oriented behaviour.
• Unconscientious people tend to engage in
more impulsive behavior. They will act on a last-minute.

5. EXTRAVENSION
• Outgoing, sociable, and talkative
• They enjoy being the center of a group and will often seek
the attention of others.
• low on extraversion are called introverts.
• This personality trait is measured on a introversion-
extraversion continuum.
• Individuals who fit in the middle of the two traits are
described as ambiverts.

6. AGREEABLENESS
• Friendly and well-liked by people
• Help others and appear pleasing to those around them
• Dislike conflicts and very often seek the role of mediators
in groups
• Low on agreeableness are not very concerned with being
liked or appearing nice to others.
• They distrust others and are more suspicious of the
actions of other people.
• They are motivated by fulfilling their own personal
needs.

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NEUROTICISM
• This personality dimension is measured on a continuum
ranging from emotional stability to emotional
instability
• Anxious, fearful, and worry a lot, Over-thinking their
problems and exaggerating their significance.
• Low on neuroticism tend to be more calm and collected
in the face of any stress
• A person’s neuroticism can have repercussions in terms
of their relationship with others.

9. o The five-factor model is used in many research studies
to correlate scores on this test with the learning styles of
people.
o Openness as a trait has been found to be linked to
academic success.
o Leadership has been linked to high level of openness
and balanced levels of conscientiousness and
extraversion and low levels of neuroticism.
o High levels of conscientiousness are found to be related
to better work performance.
o In marriages where one partner scores lower than the
other on agreeableness, stability, and openness, there is
likely to be marital dissatisfaction
20XX presentation title 9
Uses of the Five-Factor Model: