This document provides an overview of the Big Five personality traits model and describes how it was used to evaluate and compare the personalities of Austrian and Malaysian people. It introduces the Big Five traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. For each trait, it outlines its key characteristics and explains how researchers have defined and measured that dimension of personality. The document also presents the theoretical framework of the Big Five model, noting it has been validated through decades of psychological research as assessing the most important components of personality that impact social and interpersonal interactions.
Five factor/OCEAN model by Robert McCrae and Paul CostaMèhshara Khan
The Big Five Factor a.k.a OCEAN Model by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa including its history, timeline and details of all five factors: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism
Trait theory focuses on relatively permanent aspects of personality that influence behavior consistency. While other theories consider development and behavior prediction, trait theory compares people based on aspects and degrees of traits without addressing personality change. Gordon Allport proposed functionally autonomous central traits, while Henry Murray focused on psychogenic needs like power, affiliation, and achievement. Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify 16 primary personality factors measured by his 16PF assessment.
The document discusses the Big Five Personality Factor Theory, which identifies five broad personality traits: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Each trait is defined, and characteristics of high and low scorers on each trait are described. For example, Openness involves intellectual curiosity and creativity, Conscientiousness relates to self-discipline and organization, and Neuroticism captures a person's level of emotional stability and vulnerability to stress.
The document discusses several theories of personality including:
- Jung's model which describes the dimensions of introversion vs extraversion. It also discusses intuition vs sensing and thinking vs feeling.
- Holland's RIASEC model which describes six personality types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.
- The Big Five model which identifies five broad personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The document discusses personality models, focusing on the Big Five personality model. It describes the Big Five dimensions as openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Each dimension is defined and its characteristics are outlined, including traits associated with high and low levels. The history of the Big Five model is reviewed, noting it was originally derived in the 1970s by analyzing data from personality surveys.
The document discusses the Big Five Factor personality model. It describes the five factors - Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Extraversion relates to energy levels and sociability. Agreeableness indicates friendliness and cooperation. Conscientiousness is about self-discipline and achievement orientation. Neuroticism relates to stress, anxiety, and emotional stability. Openness involves intellectual curiosity and creativity. The document provides descriptions and examples of each factor and how they relate to behaviors and tendencies in individuals.
Big Five Personality Traits: The Five Factor ModelJoshua Render
An overview of the five-factor model.
What are the Big Five Personality Traits?
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Blogs: https://agile-mercurial.com/
Big Five Personality Traits Explained: https://agile-mercurial.com/2019/02/08/the-big-five-personality-traits-explained/
Personality is a complex topic with many perspectives and theories. The document discusses several key approaches to understanding personality, including trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, and the "Big Five" model of personality dimensions. It also examines how personality develops over time through biopsychosocial influences and interactions between individuals and their environments.
Five factor/OCEAN model by Robert McCrae and Paul CostaMèhshara Khan
The Big Five Factor a.k.a OCEAN Model by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa including its history, timeline and details of all five factors: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism
Trait theory focuses on relatively permanent aspects of personality that influence behavior consistency. While other theories consider development and behavior prediction, trait theory compares people based on aspects and degrees of traits without addressing personality change. Gordon Allport proposed functionally autonomous central traits, while Henry Murray focused on psychogenic needs like power, affiliation, and achievement. Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to identify 16 primary personality factors measured by his 16PF assessment.
The document discusses the Big Five Personality Factor Theory, which identifies five broad personality traits: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Each trait is defined, and characteristics of high and low scorers on each trait are described. For example, Openness involves intellectual curiosity and creativity, Conscientiousness relates to self-discipline and organization, and Neuroticism captures a person's level of emotional stability and vulnerability to stress.
The document discusses several theories of personality including:
- Jung's model which describes the dimensions of introversion vs extraversion. It also discusses intuition vs sensing and thinking vs feeling.
- Holland's RIASEC model which describes six personality types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.
- The Big Five model which identifies five broad personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The document discusses personality models, focusing on the Big Five personality model. It describes the Big Five dimensions as openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Each dimension is defined and its characteristics are outlined, including traits associated with high and low levels. The history of the Big Five model is reviewed, noting it was originally derived in the 1970s by analyzing data from personality surveys.
The document discusses the Big Five Factor personality model. It describes the five factors - Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Extraversion relates to energy levels and sociability. Agreeableness indicates friendliness and cooperation. Conscientiousness is about self-discipline and achievement orientation. Neuroticism relates to stress, anxiety, and emotional stability. Openness involves intellectual curiosity and creativity. The document provides descriptions and examples of each factor and how they relate to behaviors and tendencies in individuals.
Big Five Personality Traits: The Five Factor ModelJoshua Render
An overview of the five-factor model.
What are the Big Five Personality Traits?
Openness to Experience
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Blogs: https://agile-mercurial.com/
Big Five Personality Traits Explained: https://agile-mercurial.com/2019/02/08/the-big-five-personality-traits-explained/
Personality is a complex topic with many perspectives and theories. The document discusses several key approaches to understanding personality, including trait theories, psychoanalytic theory, and the "Big Five" model of personality dimensions. It also examines how personality develops over time through biopsychosocial influences and interactions between individuals and their environments.
Personality is just one of many factors that guide our behavior. Our actions are also influenced by Our environment, Our experiences, and Our individual goals.
16 personality types are based on five independent spectrums, with all letters in the type code (e.g. INFJ-A) referring to one of the two sides of the corresponding spectrum. You can see where you fall on each scale by completing free personality assessment, NERIS Type Explorer®. This approach has allowed one to achieve high test accuracy while also retaining the ability to define and describe distinct personality types.
The document describes the five dimensions of personality as defined by the OCEAN model: Openness measures willingness to try new things; Conscientiousness relates to organization and motivation; Extraversion distinguishes outgoing from solitary personalities; Agreeableness indicates friendliness and ease of interactions; and Neuroticism refers to emotional stability versus instability.
The document discusses the five-factor model of personality traits. It describes evidence that supports dividing personality into five broad domains: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Research using trait terms from different languages, cross-cultural studies, and correlations between trait measures provides evidence for this five factor structure. The five factors have been shown to be stable over time while still allowing for some changes across the lifespan. Applications of the five-factor model include relationships to health, clinical diagnosis, and understanding the person-situation debate regarding trait consistency.
The document discusses the Big Five personality traits - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. It defines each trait and provides examples of characteristics associated with where someone falls on each trait's continuum. Openness refers to imagination and independent thinking. Conscientiousness means being responsible and dependable. Extraversion relates to sociability and assertiveness. Agreeableness involves being good-natured and trusting. Neuroticism indicates anxiety and proneness to depression. The document then discusses how these traits relate to motivation and behavior in different situations.
This document discusses personality and personality traits. It defines personality as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence behavior. It notes that personality is influenced by both heredity and environment. It describes several major personality attributes that influence organizational behavior, including personality traits, locus of control, Machiavellianism, introversion/extroversion, self-esteem, risk-taking, self-monitoring, and achievement orientation. It also discusses personality types like Type A and Type B and various personality traits theories.
This document discusses personality from a dispositional or trait perspective. It covers major themes like the stability of personality, individual differences in traits, and the debate around whether personality or situations have a greater influence on behavior. Several major theories of traits are examined, including types, the Big Five model, and interactionism between traits and situations. Both strengths and limitations of the dispositional approach are considered.
The 16PF5 is the fifth version of the 16PF, a self-report questionnaire originally devised by Dr Raymond Cattell as part of his work to identify the primary components of personality. His research, which began in the 1940s, was based on the use of factor analysis to interpret data derived from questionnaire items (Q-data) and from behaviour ratings (L-data). The 16PF was designed to give a broad measure of personality that would be useful to practitioners in a wide range of settings: from selection, to counselling to clinical decision-making.
Please let me know if you are interested to purchase psychological test.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
This document provides an overview of several theories and models related to personality in organizational behavior. It discusses:
1) Definitions of personality and factors that shape it such as individual differences, values, social relationships.
2) Common personality assessments like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the big five factor model which measure traits like extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness.
3) Additional theories around loci of control, self-monitoring, Type A vs Type B personalities, terminal and instrumental values, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and Holland's personality-job fit theory. The document provides details on scales and dimensions within each model.
Raymond Bernard Cattell was a British and American psychologist known for describing behavior and developing theories of intelligence and personality. He proposed two types of general intelligence: fluid intelligence, which involves abstract reasoning and decreases with age, and crystallized intelligence, which involves learned skills and knowledge and increases with age. Cattell also developed theories of personality, including the Big Five personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Additionally, he proposed 16 primary personality factors and 5 global factors to comprehensively classify human personality. Cattell made major contributions through his extensive research and publication of over 500 articles and 50 books.
Personalities are tough to understand. That being said lets agree to disagree.
We all need a little help in knowing something extra about somebody. Doesn't matter who.
This will help broaden your perspective of the subject.
Looks like it's that difficult after all eh?
View. Learn. Recreate.
The nature of personality (The psychology of adjustment)Mehran Rostamzadeh
The document provides an overview of personality from behavioral, psychodynamic, and trait perspectives. It discusses Freud's psychodynamic theory including the id, ego, and superego and how conflicts arise from interactions between them. It also describes Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Adler's theory of an inferiority complex driving striving for superiority is summarized. From a behavioral viewpoint, personality is described as collections of response tendencies shaped by classical and operant conditioning principles. Pavlov's classical conditioning and Skinner's operant conditioning, including reinforcement, are explained. The Big Five model of trait theory outlines the five major personality dimensions.
Protective Test - HFD- Personality AnalysisArora Mairaj
Aim of this lecture is to discuss HFD- as a technique for the assessment of Personality, with a brief review of Test , Types of Psychological Tests & Techniques.
Personality: Meaning –Determinants of Personality: Types Theory, Trait Theory and Developmental Theory – Integrated Personality – Assessment of Personality: Projective, Non-Projective techniques and Dream Analysis.
The document discusses several theories of personality traits, including:
- The Big Five personality dimensions model which identifies five core traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
- Eysenck's three universal traits of Introversion/Extraversion, Neuroticism/Emotional Stability, and Psychoticism.
- Cattell's 16 personality factor theory which reduced traits from Allport's initial 4,000 traits down to 16 factors.
- Trait theories have been criticized for being overly descriptive without explaining causes of personality and underestimating situational influences on behavior.
Raymond Cattell was a British-American psychologist known for developing the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and making significant contributions to trait theory. He used factor analysis to identify common traits that underlie human personality. Cattell viewed personality as a complex structure of traits, including surface traits, source traits, temperament, motivation, and abilities. He developed questionnaires and tests to measure these traits, which helped classify personalities and find the best person-job fit. Cattell's work significantly influenced the field of psychology and he is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.
This document provides an overview of personality from several perspectives:
1. It defines personality and discusses major theories including Freud's psychosexual stages, trait approaches, and Bandura's social cognitive theory.
2. Trait theories such as Cattell's 16 factors and Eysenck's three factors are evaluated, with evidence supporting a five factor model of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
3. Cross-cultural research finds common personality dimensions across cultures, though some perspectives on traits differ between individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
4. Social cognitive theory emphasizes reciprocal determinism between personal factors, environment, and behavior, highlighting concepts
The “Dark Triad” was coined in 2002 by Paulhus and Williams which refer to personality traits that make people magnets for conflict and disagreement.
These are negative qualities because they destroy relationships and compromise overall well-being.
These people can be helped by boosting their strengths and play down their weaknesses.
They have host of undesirable behaviors including
Aggressiveness,
Sexual opportunism, and
Impulsivity
The technical definition of the Dark Triad( Jonason and Webster’s article) is rather daunting: “the Dark Triad as a whole can be thought of as a short-term, agentic, exploitative social strategy...” (p. 420).
People who show these qualities are trying to get away with acting out against others in order to achieve their own ends.
The document discusses introversion and extraversion, examining the personalities and how they relate to leadership. It summarizes research on the origins and traits of introverts and extroverts. Introverts are argued to gain energy from solitary activities while extroverts prefer social interaction. The document also examines case studies of introverted and extroverted CEOs and their leadership styles. It suggests both personalities can succeed as leaders through different approaches.
142. Personality Development Intro explained by S. Lakshmanan, PsychologistLAKSHMANAN S
Personality is a Person’s unique pattern of traits.
- J.P.Guilord
What is ‘Development’?
Steps or changes in growth, advancement and improvement
Please, subscribe, share in the following youtube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC11JRBJSPfLRD2pYH_i-QKg
Douglass North adalah seorang ahli ekonomi Amerika yang menerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Ekonomi pada tahun 1993. Beliau dikenali dengan sumbangan besar dalam bidang ekonomi institusi baru dengan menekankan peranan penting institusi dalam menentukan prestasi ekonomi. North mendefinisikan institusi sebagai kendala yang dirancang oleh manusia untuk mengatur interaksi sosial dan ekonomi.
Personality is just one of many factors that guide our behavior. Our actions are also influenced by Our environment, Our experiences, and Our individual goals.
16 personality types are based on five independent spectrums, with all letters in the type code (e.g. INFJ-A) referring to one of the two sides of the corresponding spectrum. You can see where you fall on each scale by completing free personality assessment, NERIS Type Explorer®. This approach has allowed one to achieve high test accuracy while also retaining the ability to define and describe distinct personality types.
The document describes the five dimensions of personality as defined by the OCEAN model: Openness measures willingness to try new things; Conscientiousness relates to organization and motivation; Extraversion distinguishes outgoing from solitary personalities; Agreeableness indicates friendliness and ease of interactions; and Neuroticism refers to emotional stability versus instability.
The document discusses the five-factor model of personality traits. It describes evidence that supports dividing personality into five broad domains: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. Research using trait terms from different languages, cross-cultural studies, and correlations between trait measures provides evidence for this five factor structure. The five factors have been shown to be stable over time while still allowing for some changes across the lifespan. Applications of the five-factor model include relationships to health, clinical diagnosis, and understanding the person-situation debate regarding trait consistency.
The document discusses the Big Five personality traits - Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. It defines each trait and provides examples of characteristics associated with where someone falls on each trait's continuum. Openness refers to imagination and independent thinking. Conscientiousness means being responsible and dependable. Extraversion relates to sociability and assertiveness. Agreeableness involves being good-natured and trusting. Neuroticism indicates anxiety and proneness to depression. The document then discusses how these traits relate to motivation and behavior in different situations.
This document discusses personality and personality traits. It defines personality as a relatively stable set of characteristics that influence behavior. It notes that personality is influenced by both heredity and environment. It describes several major personality attributes that influence organizational behavior, including personality traits, locus of control, Machiavellianism, introversion/extroversion, self-esteem, risk-taking, self-monitoring, and achievement orientation. It also discusses personality types like Type A and Type B and various personality traits theories.
This document discusses personality from a dispositional or trait perspective. It covers major themes like the stability of personality, individual differences in traits, and the debate around whether personality or situations have a greater influence on behavior. Several major theories of traits are examined, including types, the Big Five model, and interactionism between traits and situations. Both strengths and limitations of the dispositional approach are considered.
The 16PF5 is the fifth version of the 16PF, a self-report questionnaire originally devised by Dr Raymond Cattell as part of his work to identify the primary components of personality. His research, which began in the 1940s, was based on the use of factor analysis to interpret data derived from questionnaire items (Q-data) and from behaviour ratings (L-data). The 16PF was designed to give a broad measure of personality that would be useful to practitioners in a wide range of settings: from selection, to counselling to clinical decision-making.
Please let me know if you are interested to purchase psychological test.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
This document provides an overview of several theories and models related to personality in organizational behavior. It discusses:
1) Definitions of personality and factors that shape it such as individual differences, values, social relationships.
2) Common personality assessments like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the big five factor model which measure traits like extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness.
3) Additional theories around loci of control, self-monitoring, Type A vs Type B personalities, terminal and instrumental values, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and Holland's personality-job fit theory. The document provides details on scales and dimensions within each model.
Raymond Bernard Cattell was a British and American psychologist known for describing behavior and developing theories of intelligence and personality. He proposed two types of general intelligence: fluid intelligence, which involves abstract reasoning and decreases with age, and crystallized intelligence, which involves learned skills and knowledge and increases with age. Cattell also developed theories of personality, including the Big Five personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Additionally, he proposed 16 primary personality factors and 5 global factors to comprehensively classify human personality. Cattell made major contributions through his extensive research and publication of over 500 articles and 50 books.
Personalities are tough to understand. That being said lets agree to disagree.
We all need a little help in knowing something extra about somebody. Doesn't matter who.
This will help broaden your perspective of the subject.
Looks like it's that difficult after all eh?
View. Learn. Recreate.
The nature of personality (The psychology of adjustment)Mehran Rostamzadeh
The document provides an overview of personality from behavioral, psychodynamic, and trait perspectives. It discusses Freud's psychodynamic theory including the id, ego, and superego and how conflicts arise from interactions between them. It also describes Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Adler's theory of an inferiority complex driving striving for superiority is summarized. From a behavioral viewpoint, personality is described as collections of response tendencies shaped by classical and operant conditioning principles. Pavlov's classical conditioning and Skinner's operant conditioning, including reinforcement, are explained. The Big Five model of trait theory outlines the five major personality dimensions.
Protective Test - HFD- Personality AnalysisArora Mairaj
Aim of this lecture is to discuss HFD- as a technique for the assessment of Personality, with a brief review of Test , Types of Psychological Tests & Techniques.
Personality: Meaning –Determinants of Personality: Types Theory, Trait Theory and Developmental Theory – Integrated Personality – Assessment of Personality: Projective, Non-Projective techniques and Dream Analysis.
The document discusses several theories of personality traits, including:
- The Big Five personality dimensions model which identifies five core traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
- Eysenck's three universal traits of Introversion/Extraversion, Neuroticism/Emotional Stability, and Psychoticism.
- Cattell's 16 personality factor theory which reduced traits from Allport's initial 4,000 traits down to 16 factors.
- Trait theories have been criticized for being overly descriptive without explaining causes of personality and underestimating situational influences on behavior.
Raymond Cattell was a British-American psychologist known for developing the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and making significant contributions to trait theory. He used factor analysis to identify common traits that underlie human personality. Cattell viewed personality as a complex structure of traits, including surface traits, source traits, temperament, motivation, and abilities. He developed questionnaires and tests to measure these traits, which helped classify personalities and find the best person-job fit. Cattell's work significantly influenced the field of psychology and he is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.
This document provides an overview of personality from several perspectives:
1. It defines personality and discusses major theories including Freud's psychosexual stages, trait approaches, and Bandura's social cognitive theory.
2. Trait theories such as Cattell's 16 factors and Eysenck's three factors are evaluated, with evidence supporting a five factor model of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
3. Cross-cultural research finds common personality dimensions across cultures, though some perspectives on traits differ between individualistic and collectivistic cultures.
4. Social cognitive theory emphasizes reciprocal determinism between personal factors, environment, and behavior, highlighting concepts
The “Dark Triad” was coined in 2002 by Paulhus and Williams which refer to personality traits that make people magnets for conflict and disagreement.
These are negative qualities because they destroy relationships and compromise overall well-being.
These people can be helped by boosting their strengths and play down their weaknesses.
They have host of undesirable behaviors including
Aggressiveness,
Sexual opportunism, and
Impulsivity
The technical definition of the Dark Triad( Jonason and Webster’s article) is rather daunting: “the Dark Triad as a whole can be thought of as a short-term, agentic, exploitative social strategy...” (p. 420).
People who show these qualities are trying to get away with acting out against others in order to achieve their own ends.
The document discusses introversion and extraversion, examining the personalities and how they relate to leadership. It summarizes research on the origins and traits of introverts and extroverts. Introverts are argued to gain energy from solitary activities while extroverts prefer social interaction. The document also examines case studies of introverted and extroverted CEOs and their leadership styles. It suggests both personalities can succeed as leaders through different approaches.
142. Personality Development Intro explained by S. Lakshmanan, PsychologistLAKSHMANAN S
Personality is a Person’s unique pattern of traits.
- J.P.Guilord
What is ‘Development’?
Steps or changes in growth, advancement and improvement
Please, subscribe, share in the following youtube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC11JRBJSPfLRD2pYH_i-QKg
Douglass North adalah seorang ahli ekonomi Amerika yang menerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Ekonomi pada tahun 1993. Beliau dikenali dengan sumbangan besar dalam bidang ekonomi institusi baru dengan menekankan peranan penting institusi dalam menentukan prestasi ekonomi. North mendefinisikan institusi sebagai kendala yang dirancang oleh manusia untuk mengatur interaksi sosial dan ekonomi.
The document discusses a proposed "Anti-Child Bearing Act" that aims to prohibit citizens from having children based on the philosophical views expressed in articles by Peter Singer. The act lays out prohibitions against childbearing and sex that could lead to children, as well as penalties for violations including imprisonment, fines, and potentially the death penalty. However, the author argues that while Singer's views aim to reduce suffering, the proposed act goes too far against cultural and moral norms in the Philippines and misinterprets the country's constitution. Universal sterilization should not be allowed.
HIPAA was created in 1996 to protect patients' private health information. However, some healthcare workers have violated HIPAA by inappropriately accessing the medical records of high-profile patients like George Clooney, Britney Spears, and Farrah Fawcett. Violations can occur unintentionally due to a lack of training, or intentionally for malicious purposes such as selling private information to media outlets. Healthcare organizations can help prevent violations by educating employees on HIPAA policies and maintaining secure filing systems with access restrictions. Violations may result in fines up to $250,000 or imprisonment up to 10 years depending on the offense.
This document analyzes and compares the competitiveness of small manufacturing firms in Scotland and Ireland. It finds that:
1) Irish firms are more dependent on local/regional markets while Scottish firms derive a greater portion of sales from exports.
2) Scottish firms face significantly more competition than Irish firms.
3) On quality and price, Scottish firms are more likely to be competitive in Ireland than vice versa, though both regions have firms competitive on quality alone.
4) Labour and other costs are generally higher for Irish firms, contributing to lack of price competitiveness in Scotland.
5) Both regions pursue similar growth strategies around existing/new customers, markets, and product ranges.
- Sagar Korukonda is currently working as an Assistant Manager in the Information Technology department of Hindustan Shipyard Limited.
- His key roles include serving as the Cyber Security Officer and IT Officer for the organization.
- He has over 8 years of experience in areas like web development, network administration, software development and database management.
- He holds a B.Tech in Computer Science and an MBA, and has a range of technical skills like .NET, Java, SQL, and cyber security tools.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai pengukuran manfaat dan biaya tidak langsung dari suatu proyek. Manfaat tidak langsung adalah manfaat yang diperoleh tanpa kaitan dengan kesediaan membayar, sementara biaya tidak langsung adalah biaya yang ditanggung masyarakat akibat proyek tanpa terlibat langsung. Dokumen juga membahas mengenai pengaruh proyek terhadap tingkat tabungan dan investasi di dalam suatu ekon
This document provides an overview of the Big Five personality traits model and describes how it was used to evaluate the personalities of Austrian and Malaysian people. It begins with an introduction to the Big Five traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Each trait is then defined in detail with examples of characteristic behaviors. The document establishes the Big Five model as the most widely accepted framework in personality psychology research. It explains how the model was used to design a survey comparing personalities cross-culturally between Austria and Malaysia based on responses to questions about the five traits.
The document provides information on different types of boiler systems and their components. It discusses 7 types of boilers - fire tube boiler, water tube boiler, packaged boiler, stoker fired boiler, pulverized fuel boiler, waste heat boiler, and fluidized bed boiler. It provides details on the mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of each type. It specifically focuses on describing the mechanisms of fluidized bed combustion and the 3 types of fluidized bed combustion systems - atmospheric fluidized bed combustion, pressurized fluidized bed combustion, and circulating fluidized bed combustion.
Human Behavior Lecture Chapter 02 ppt slMuneebURahman
This document discusses personality and defines it as the characteristics, patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It identifies four main determinants that shape personality: physical environment, heredity, culture, and situational factors. The document also describes several personality traits and types, including the Big Five personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism), Type A and Type B personalities, Theory X and Theory Y, and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality assessment.
Personality. The five dimensions of personality. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. Lec...Theresa Lowry-Lehnen
The document discusses the five factor model of personality which suggests there are five basic dimensions of personality - extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Research over the past 50 years from psychologists like Fiske, Norman, Smith, Goldberg, and McCrae and Costa provided evidence supporting this five factor model. While researchers may use slightly different labels, the five dimensions provide a framework for describing personality traits.
Bs 101 module 1 - big 5 factors - notesTamojit Das
The document discusses the Big Five personality factors model. It describes how the factors - Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness - were determined based on the work of several researchers who analyzed trait taxonomies. Each factor is a continuum and is described in terms of related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The factors can predict behaviors and relate to different types of motivation based on where someone falls on each continuum.
The document discusses various aspects of personality including what personality is, personality determinants like heredity, environment and situation. It describes two major personality assessment models - the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and the Big Five Model. The MBTI classifies personalities into 16 types based on four dichotomies - Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, Judging/Perceiving. The Big Five Model describes personality along five dimensions - Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. The document also discusses various personality traits like locus of control, Machiavellianism,
Notes on personality in organisation behavior (For BBA/B.com Students)Yamini Kahaliya
The document discusses various theories and aspects of personality. It defines personality as a combination of characteristics that form a person's unique identity. It discusses several theories of personality including Freud's theory of id, ego and superego; Erikson's stages of psychosocial development; and Sheldon's physiognomy theory of endomorphs, mesomorphs and ectomorphs. The document also outlines five major personality attributes: locus of control, Machiavellianism, self-esteem, self-monitoring, and risk-taking.
This document discusses the concept of personality development. It defines personality development as the process of developing and enhancing one's personality traits over time. Some key points made are:
- Personality development helps individuals gain confidence and improves communication skills.
- Both internal factors like heredity and hormones, and external factors like family, school, and media influence personality.
- The "Big Five" model describes the main personality traits as openness, conscientiousness, extraversion vs introversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a common tool that assesses preferences in how people perceive information and make decisions.
- Personality refers to unique patterns of traits and factors within individuals that determine behaviors, thoughts, feelings, and motivations.
- Theories view personality as consisting of traits on a continuum or types that can be categorized. Common personality tests measure traits like the Big Five or types like the Myers-Briggs.
- Factors like heredity, environment, and life experiences influence personality development from a young age. Standardized tests aim to assess personality objectively but have limitations in reliability and validity.
This document discusses personality and individual differences. It defines personality as relatively enduring patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The key determinants of personality are nature (biological factors like genes) and nurture (environmental influences like parenting). Research has identified five major personality factors called the Big Five: emotional stability, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness. These factors influence behaviors in work settings. Other traits like locus of control, self-monitoring and self-esteem also impact work performance and satisfaction. The document contrasts Type A and Type B personalities, noting Type A's competitiveness can help productivity but hinder relationships.
Traits of a successful business personalityMuskan Mariyam
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1. 1
THE PERSONALITY EVALUATION OF AUSTRIAN
AND MALAYSIAN PEOPLE BASED ON THE BIG 5
PERSONALITY TRAITS
CLASS: ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
SUBMIT TO: MR. GUGUP KISMONO
STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID
NURULJANNAH BINTI MOHAMMAD RADZI MEB1586
HAGER SUSANNE MEB1515
2. 2
Abstract
Personality is defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that
uniquely influences his or her cognition, motivations and behavior in various situations. Personality
had been viewed as a type of non-cognitive skill that can have important consequences for the
decisions that individuals make and the outcomes they achieve. This perspective has generated
interest in the process of personality change. The basic dimensions of personality capture the most
important ways in which individuals differ in their enduring emotional, interpersonal, experiential,
attitudinal, and motivational styles. The Big Five Personality items are the best accepted and also
the most commonly measurement of personality in scientific research and the Big 5 have been
extensively researched during the last decades. Ones´ personality is best described as five traits -
people used to describe themselves via some adjectives and in general there are five personality
traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience). In the
current survey the Big 5 personality model was used in order to find out more about the personality
of Austrian as well Malaysian people.
1. Introduction and theory about the Big 5
After deciding to do some research within this area, the authors of this group report tried
hard to find questionnaires representing the Big 5. There are a lot of different types – like
questionnaires with 250 questions or only 20. Most of them were in English, although the
authors tried to find one which is written in a simple and not that complex English
language in order that their friends do understand everything right and that they have fun
while answering the short and easy questions. Therefore it was decided to take the Big 5
model which is based on the IPIP (International Personality Item Pool). It is a 50 Item Set,
where the people are asked, suggested and told the following points:
They should describe themselves as they are now in the present and not as they
wish to be in the future.
They should describe themselves as they honestly see themselves, in the relationship
to other people (same sex, same age).
They should answer as honest as they can – data are only used for scientific
research and they are used anonymously.
3. 3
The Big 5 is based on the idea that five main dimensions are necessary and sufficient for broadly
describing human personality. The Big Five model of personality is a set of five broad trait
dimensions or domains, namely Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness,
Neuroticism and Openness to Experience.
A more detailed description of the five traits will follow now:
Extroversion: The broad dimension of Extraversion encompasses such more
specific traits as talkative, energetic, and assertive
Extroversion is strongly marked by pronounced engagement with the external world.
Extroverts therefore like to enjoy being with other people, they are full of energy and
they often experience positive emotions. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented or
just individuals who are likely to say “Yes, let´s do it”. In groups they like to talk, and
draw attention to themselves. The opposite of Extroverts are Introverts. They lack and
miss the energy and activity levels of extroverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key and
deliberate from the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be
interpreted as shyness or depression; the introvert simply needs less stimulation than an
extrovert and prefers to be alone. (Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
Agreeableness: Includes traits like sympathetic, kind, and affectionate.
Agreeableness reflects individual differences in concern with cooperation and social
harmony. Agreeable persons value getting along with others. They are friendly,
generous, helpful, and willing to compromise their interests with others'. Agreeable
people also have an optimistic view of human nature - they believe people are basically
honest and trustworthy. On the other side, disagreeable individuals place self-interest
before getting along with other individuals. They are most of the times unconcerned
with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for other
people. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people causes them to be
unfriendly as well as uncooperative.
Agreeableness is advantageous for attaining and also maintaining popularity. Agreeable
people are definitely better liked than disagreeable people. On the other hand,
4. 4
agreeableness is not useful in situations that require tough or absolute objective
decisions. Disagreeable people can make excellent scientists, critics, or soldiers.
(Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
Conscientiousness: Includes traits like organized, thorough, and planful.
Conscientiousness describes the way in which people regulate and direct their impulses.
Impulses are not bad - acting on our first impulse can be an effective response. Also, in
todays times of preferring rather playing than working, acting spontaneously and
impulsively can be a lot of fun. Impulsive individuals can be seen by others as colorful,
fun-to-be-with, and cool. Conscientiousness includes the factor known as “Need for
Achievement”. The benefits of high conscientiousness are obvious; conscientious
individuals avoid trouble and achieve high levels of success through purposeful
planning. They are also regarded by others as intelligent and reliable. On the negative
side, they can be compulsive perfectionists and workaholics. Furthermore, extremely
conscientious individuals might be even regarded as boring. Unconscientious people
may be criticized for their unreliability, lack of ambition, and failure to stay within the
lines, but they will experience many short-lived pleasures. (Barrick, M., Mount, M.,
1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
Neuroticism or (inversely) Emotional Stability: Includes traits like tense, moody,
and anxious.
Neuroticism refers to the tendency to experience mostly negative feelings. Those who
score high on Neuroticism may experience primarily one specific negative feeling such
as anxiety, anger or depression, but they are also likely to experience several of these
emotions. People who are high in Neuroticism are emotionally reactive. They respond
emotionally to events that would not affect most other people, and their reactions tend
to be more intense than normal. They are more likely to interpret ordinary situations as
threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their negative emotional
reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often
in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish a neurotic's ability
to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with a lot of stress. At the other
5. 5
end of the scale, individuals who score low in Neuroticism are less easily upset and are
less emotionally reactive. They tend to be very calm, emotionally stable and free from
persistent negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not mean that low
scorers experience a lot of positive feelings; frequency of positive emotions is a
component of the Extroversion domain. (Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L.,
1990)
Openness to Experience: Includes traits like having wide interests, and being
imaginative and insightful.
The dimension of openness to Experience describes a degree of cognitive style that
distinguishes imaginative, creative people from down-to-earth, conventional people.
Open people are intellectually curious, appreciative of art, and sensitive to beauty. They
tend to be, compared to closed people, more aware of their emotional feelings. People
with low scores on openness to experience tend to have narrow, common interests. They
prefer the plain, straightforward, and obvious over the complex, ambiguous, and subtle.
They may regard the arts and sciences with suspicion, regarding these endeavors as
abstruse or of no practical use. Closed people prefer familiarity over novelty; they are
conservative and resistant to change. Openness is often presented as healthier or more
mature by psychologists, who are often themselves open to experience. However, open
and closed styles of thinking are useful in different environments. The intellectual style
of the open person may serve a professor well, but research has shown that closed
thinking is related to superior job performance in police work, sales, and a number of
service occupations. (Barrick, M., Mount, M., 1991; Goldberg, L., 1990)
The Big Five were developed to represent as much of the variability in individuals’
personalities as possible, using only a small set of trait dimensions. Many personality
psychologists agree that its five domains capture the most important, basic individual
differences in personality traits and that many alternative trait models can be
conceptualized in terms of the Big Five structure.
6. 6
2. Theoretical Framework.
The Big Five Personality traits have been gathered through the result of decades’ worth of
psychological research into personality. While they don’t capture the idiosyncrasies of
everyone’s personality, it is a theoretical framework in which to understand general
components of the personality that seem to be the most important in our social and
interpersonal interactions with others. Decades of research on personality has uncovered
five broad dimensions of personality, which were presented and described one chapter
before. It hast to be mentioned, that these are not “types” of personalities, but dimensions
of personality. So someone’s personality is the combination of each of their Big Five
personality characteristics. For example, someone may be very sociable (high
Extraversion), not very friendly (low Agreeableness), hard working (high
Conscientiousness), easily stressed (low Emotional Stability) and extremely creative (high
Intellect). A considerable amount of research suggests that personality is stable throughout
life and associated with a range of important life outcomes, from academic and
occupational success, to marital stability and physical health.
3. Methodology
50 Austrians as well as 50 Malaysians were asked to answer the 50 Item Set of the Big 5
Personality Model in order to find out, why they act and behave in a certain way or in their
daily life. Both genders (male as female) were asked in order to have a balance or to
exclude certain results which might be influenced or which might be due to only
examining and asking one gender. The methodology of this survey is a quantitative one, as
it might be easier as a qualitative one in these concerning. The big difference between a
quantitative versus a qualitative method is that the first method is most of the time a
written and printed out table, where the participants have to write down their answers and
opinions (regardless where, when or with whom they do it) whereas the second method
includes the active participation and attendance of at least two persons at the same place
and at the same time: the interviewer as well as the participant.
After gathering all the data from the 50 participants of both countries, the next step was to
set up a new file and document in the statistical program, called SPSS, or in the Microsoft
7. 7
Office program which is called Excel. Every question (=every variable) had to be defined,
either if it can be seen as normal, metric or ordinal. Moreover, the 5 point likert scale has
to be defined in the program in order to type in all the answers from the participants and in
order to evaluate it afterwards.
After that, and in order to see and to understand why the participants act the way that they
do and how their personality is structured, the following model was used:
The capital letters E, A, C, N and O stand for the five personality traits. This, as well as the
following short description of the five traits, was also given to the participants. Therefore
they were able themselves to find out more about their personality and why they act and
why they are as they are.
Extroversion (E) is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside
the self or in community. High scorers tend to be very social while low scorers
prefer to work on their projects alone.
Agreeableness (A) reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others.
High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to 'tell it like it
is'.
Conscientiousness (C) is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking.
High scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be
messy and cheat others.
Neuroticism (N) is the personality trait of being emotional.
Openness to Experience (O) is the personality trait of seeking new experience and
intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very
down to earth
8. 8
In order to find out more about the personalities of the Austrian participants, the next step
was to build the average of every question. The five possible answers (1=disagree,
2=slightly disagree, 3=neutral, 4=slightly agree and 5=agree) were summed up for every of
the 50 questionnaires, depending what everyone of the 50 participants had chosen. The
sum of every question was then divided through 50, in order to get the average mean value
of every question. This step was done with the program called Excel, as it has better
mathematical possibilities and solutions than SPSS. The data were just exported in an
Excel file, after continuing with building the sums and the average means for every
question – as described above. After having every average for every question, the authors
were able to use the method (see above) in order to find out more about the high and low
scores from the Austrians as well as from the Malaysians in connection with the Big 5
Personality Model. The scores have to be between 0 and 40, whereas traits with scores
under 20 can be classified as low scores and traits with scores more than 20 were classified
as high scores.
4. Results and Discussion
For detailed Information, please look up in the Appendix!
In order to compare the results or to find out similarities or differences between the two
cultures, one of the first steps in this survey was to figure out the average score of each of
the personality traits of the 50 participants from Austria as well as Malaysia. The
calculated scores should be between 0 and 40, whereas beyond 20 it can be seen as a low
score and above 20 it can be seen as a high score.
9. 9
AUSTRIANS:
The average of all questions is low score, except Neuroticism, which has an average score
of 21. That means, that most Austrians have a high score in neuroticism, which refers to
the tendency to experience mostly negative feelings. Furthermore that means, that the
Austrian Participants may experience primarily negative feelings such as anger or
depression on the one hand and on the other hand they respond emotionally to events that
would not affect most other people in their surroundings. They are more likely to interpret
ordinary situations as threatening, and minor frustrations as hopelessly difficult. Their
negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which
means they are often in a bad mood. These problems in emotional regulation can diminish
a neurotic's ability to think clearly, make decisions, and cope effectively with a lot of
stress.
The average of Extroversion is 19. That means the participants have a low score
concerning this trait – so they are more introverted than extroverted. They lack and miss
the energy and activity levels compared extroverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key and
deliberate from the social world. Their lack of social involvement should not be interpreted
as shyness or depression; the introvert simply needs less stimulation than an extrovert and
prefers to be alone.
Agreeableness reached a score of 17, which is also quite low. Disagreeable individuals
place self-interest before getting along with other individuals. They are most of the times
10. 10
unconcerned with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for
other people. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people causes them to
be unfriendly as well as uncooperative.
The trait Conscientiousness is also low scored with 18. That means that the Austrian
participants are conscientious people who may be criticized for their unreliability, lack of
ambition, and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience many short-lived
pleasures.
Opennness to Experience has the lowest score, with only 16. People with low scores on
openness to experience tend to have narrow, common interests. They prefer the plain,
straightforward, and obvious over the complex, ambiguous, and subtle. They may regard
the arts and sciences with suspicion, regarding these endeavors as abstruse or of no
practical use. Closed people prefer familiarity over novelty; they are conservative and
resistant to change.
MALAYSIANS:
For the extroversion trait based on gender, 68.74% male respondent are classified as
extrovert while only 31.25% are classified as introvert and 52.94% female respondents are
classified as introvert while 47.06% are classifies ad extrovert. Based on gender, it can be
11. 11
simplify that male is seems to be extrovert while female seems to be introvert. However
with an average score of 19.76 (evaluated by gender) and 19.78 (evaluated by age group),
it can be conclude that Malaysian people are introvert.
For the agreeableness trait based on gender, both male and female are classified as highly
agreeable, for which 100% male respondent and 97.06% female respondents scored as
highly agreeable. The average score for this trait is 26.84 (evaluated by gender) and 26.89
(evaluated by age group) to conclude that Malaysian people are highly agreeable.
The next trait is conscientiousness. Evaluation based on gender shown that both male and
female are classified as highly conscientious for which 75% male respondents and 73.53%
of female respondents scored as highly conscientious. On average, the total scores of
respondents are 23.03 (evaluated by gender) and 23.18 (evaluated by age groups) to
conclude that Malaysian people are highly conscientious.
For neuroticism trait, based on gender, 56.25% male respondents scored as high neurotic in
which they have positive emotional stability while the rest, 43.75% scored as low neurotic
and this is different to how female scored for which 52.94% female respondents scored as
low neurotic and the rest, 47.06% scored as high neurotic. However, the average score for
all respondents with the average score of 19.32 (evaluated by gender) and 19.34 (evaluated
by age group) shown that Malaysian people have negative emotional stability.
The last trait is openness to experience. Evaluation based on gender shown that 94.75% of
male respondents and 85.29% of female respondents are highly open to experience. The
average score for gender and age group in this trait is 22.50 and 22.55 respectively to
conclude that Malaysia people are open to experience.
5. Conclusion and Discussion
In summary the study of the Big Five Personality traits help us to find out how actually
people especially in this paper, the Austrian as well as the Malaysian people are
characterized. As mention in the theoretical framework every trait of the Big Five
personality model is not simply the type of personality but it is a combination to
characterize an individual or a group. The result shows that Malaysian people are introvert,
highly agreeable, highly conscientious, low neuroticism (have negative emotional stability)
and seem to be open to experience or in which they are in term of intelligent keenly
12. 12
curious and creative. Malaysian as any other Asian or as in any eastern region is typically
introverted. This can be caused by the tradition and norm hold by the people in this region
since then. They are not very sociable and enthusiastic as for example, the men and women
for some countries still have a gap in term of socialization for which they are not
comfortable with different gender. Malaysian people are conscientious and this can be
related to the country itself as a 3rd
world country. The 3rd
world or the developing country
needs to be focus in every aspect. From the development of the people mentality to the
biggest issue which is the development of the country. To build a free country in the real
term is not easy so it is no doubt that Malaysian people are conscientious. Malaysian
people also have negative emotional stability. Negative emotional stability implies that
people in this category is not calm and hard to achieve tranquility. This can be related to
the history of the country itself. Malaysia stores a lot of events in history which vary from
the sad event to the happiest event. Malaysian as a country with a lot of ethnics has some
sensitive topics not to discuss openly to avoid any circumstances that may hurt others from
different ethnic. Therefore if any issue arises, Malaysian people tend to be exaggerating to
voice out their opinion. This may be the reason why Malaysian people have negative
stability emotion as to simply say as a whole. In addition negative stability emotion may be
created from the childhood experience for which some people were treated badly, abuse by
parents, not having enough love and some other factor. This small research also shown that
Malaysian people are open to experience. For people to be open to experience, they may
have spirit in within themselves to achieve something bigger for their life. Malaysian
people just like any 3rd
world countries have high curiosity when are exposed to new
things. They want to learn more and always take the western or developed country as the
role model and they will push themselves so they can be at least the same level of
achievement as what the people in counterpart countries had attain.
Furthermore this research shows that Austrian people are quite the opposite of the
Malaysian people. Austrians have a high score in Neuroticism. That means that Austrians
are emotionally quite reactive. In all the other traits of the Big 5 the Austrians have reached
low scores during and in this survey. So participants have a low score in Extroversion,
which means that they can be seen as Introverts who lack and miss the energy and activity
levels of extroverts. They tend to be quiet, low-key and deliberate from the social world.
Furthermore, the Austrian participants have a low score in Agreeableness. Disagreeable
individuals place self-interest before getting along with other individuals. They are most of
the times unconcerned with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend
13. 13
themselves for other people. Sometimes their skepticism about the motives of other people
causes them to be unfriendly as well as uncooperative. Moreover, the Austrians also have
low scores in Conscientiousness. Unconscientious people may be criticized for their
unreliability, lack of ambition, and failure to stay within the lines, but they will experience
many short-lived pleasures. When it comes to Openness to experience, Austrian
participants also show low scales. People with low scores on openness to experience tend
to have narrow, common interests. They prefer the plain, straightforward, and obvious over
the complex, ambiguous, and subtle. They may regard the arts and sciences with suspicion,
regarding these endeavors as abstruse or of no practical use.
This study already shows some differences and similarities between two cultures, namely
Austria and Malaysia, when dealing with the well known topic of the Big 5. However, to
generalize the findings and results, this study is far too small. 50 people cannot represent
one nation, so for a representable survey far more people would be needed. Furthermore
people from all age groups should be asked – in this study no single participant is older
than 30 years, which is also not representable for a whole nation. Ideas for future research
would therefore be surveys about the Big 5 in connection with age and gender of different
cultures – are there differences? Do people tend to answer in a certain way (in connection
with their age or with their gender)? As there is already a lot of research about this topic,
the surveys and examinations, which will deal with the Big 5 personality model, will never
stop in the near future. There are far too many unresearched or too less researched subareas
within the Big 5 traits and there is still a lot of work to do to fill out all the wholes and
unanswered questions.
14. 14
6. References
Barrick, M., Mount, M. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance:
A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44 (1), 1-26.
International Personality Item Pool: A Scientific Collaboratory for the Development of
Advanced Measures of Personality and Other Individual Differences, retrieved from
http://ipip.ori.org/ (09.10.2013)
15. 15
Appendix
Questionnaire
Please answer the following questions with the following scheme:
1 = disagree; 2 = slightly disagree; 3 = neutral, 4 = slightly agree, 5 = agree
The individual questions refer to you as a person. Please try to be honest while answering the questions; all
data will be used anonymous and there is no false or true answer. Really think about the questions to find out
more about your personality!
1. Please answer the following questions
Disagree
Slightly
disagree
Neutral
Slightly
agree
Agree
Question
Nr.
. 1 2 3 4 5
1 I am the life of the party
2 I feel little concern for others.
3 I am always good prepared.
4 I get stressed out easily.
5 I have a rich vocabulary.
6 I do not talk a lot.
7 I am interested in people.
8 I leave my belongings around.
9 I am relaxed most of the time.
10 I have difficulty understanding
abstract ideas.
11 I feel comfortable around people.
12 I insult people.
13 I pay attention to details.
14 I worry about things.
15 I have a vivid imagination.
16 I keep in the background.
16. 16
17 I sympathize with others` feeling.
18 I make a mess of things.
19 I seldom fell blue.
20 I am not interested in abstract ideas.
21 I start conversations.
22 I am not interested in other people's
problems.
23 I get chores done right away.
24 I am easily disturbed.
25 I have excellent ideas.
26 I have little to say.
27 I have a soft heart.
28 I often forget to put things back in
their proper place.
29 I get upset easily.
30 I do not have a good imagination.
31 I talk to a lot of different people at
parties.
32 I am not really interested in others.
33 I like order.
34 I change my mood a lot.
35 I am quick to understand things.
36 I don't like to draw attention to
myself.
37 I take time out for others.
38 I shirk my duties.
39 I have frequent mood swings.
40 I use difficult words.
41 I don't mind being the center of
attention.
42 I feel others' emotions.
43 I follow a schedule.
44 I get irritated easily.
17. 17
45 I spend time reflecting on things.
46 I am quiet around strangers.
47 I make people feel at ease.
48 I am exacting in my work.
49 I often feel blue.
50 I am full of ideas.
2. What is your gender?
Male
Female
3. Where do you live?
Austria
Malaysia
4. How old are you?
under 17
18 - 21
22 - 25
26 – 28
29 – 32
older than 33
Thank you very much for your cooperation!!!!
19. 19
MALAYSIA
Extroversion
In average, Malaysian people tend to be introvert.
According to gender:
Introvert Extrovert
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 5 31.25 11 68.74 20.00 16
Female 18 52.94 16 47.06 19.65 34
Total 23 46% 27 54% 19.76 50
According to age group:
Introvert Extrovert
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Under
17
- - - - - -
18-21 15 65.22 14 51.85 19.21 29
22-25 7 30.43 10 37.04 20.41 17
26-28 1 - - - 16.00 1
29-32 - - 2 7.41 20.50 2
Older
than 33
- - 1 3.70 27.00 1
Total 23 46% 27 54% 19.78 50
20. 20
Agreeableness
In average Malaysian people tend to be highly agreeable.
According to gender:
Less agreeable Highly agreeable
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 0 - 16 32.65 26.44 16
Female 1 100 33 67.35 27.03 34
Total 1 2% 49 98% 26.84 50
According to age group:
Highly agreeable Lowly agreeable
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage Absolute
number
Percentage
Under
17
- - - - - -
18-21 28 57.14 1 100.00 26.59 29
22-25 17 34.69 - - 26.76 17
26-28 1 2.04 - - 23.00 1
29-32 2 4.08 - - 30.00 2
Older
than 33
1 2.04 - - 33.00 1
Total 49 98% 1 2% 26.89 50
21. 21
Conscientiousness
In average, Malaysian people tend to be highly conscientious.
According to gender:
Less conscientious Highly conscientious
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 4 30.77 12 32.43 22.00 16
Female 9 69.23 25 67.57 23.53 34
Total 13 26% 37 74% 23.03 50
According to age group:
Highly conscientious Less conscientious
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Under 17 - - - - - -
18-21 20 54.05 9 69.23 22.48 29
22-25 13 35.14 4 30.77 21.82 17
26-28 1 2.70 - - 29.00 1
29-32 2 5.41 - - 32.00 2
Older
than 33
1 2.70 - - 36.00 1
Total 37 74% 13 26% 23.18 50
22. 22
Neuroticism
In average, Malaysian people tend to have negative emotional stability.
According to gender:
Negative emotional
stability
Positive emotional
stability Average Total
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 7 28 9 36 19.75 16
Female 18 72 16 64 19.12 34
Total 25 50% 25 50% 19.32 50
According to age group:
Positive emotional
stability
Negative emotional
stability Average Total
Absolute
number
Percentage Absolute
number
Percentage
Under
17
- - - - - -
18-21 13 52.00 16 64.00 19.48 29
22-25 10 40.00 7 28.00 19.00 17
26-28 - - 1 4.00 12.00 1
29-32 1 4.00 1 4.00 20.50 2
Older
than 33
1 4.00 - - 25.00 1
Total 25 50% 25 50% 19.34 50
23. 23
Openness to experience
In average, Malaysian people tend to be open to experiences.
According to gender:
Less open to
experiences.
Highly open to
experiences. Average Total
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Absolute
number
Percentage
(%)
Male 1 16.67 15 34.09 22.44 16
Female 5 83.33 29 65.91 22.53 34
Total 6 12% 44 88% 22.50 50
According to age group:
Openness On the other hand
Average TotalAbsolute
number
Percentage Absolute
number
Percentage
Under 17 - - - - - -
18-21 25 56.82 4 66.67 21.55 29
22-25 15 34.09 2 33.33 23.24 17
26-28 1 2.27 - - 24.00 1
29-32 2 4.55 - - 25.50 2
Older
than 33
1 2.27 - - 30.00 1
Total 44 88% 6 12% 22.55 50