This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid measures. It lists common causes of respiratory or cardiac arrest that may require CPR, including electric shock, drowning, heart attack, drugs overdose, and trauma. It notes that brain damage can begin within 4 minutes if oxygenated blood flow does not reach the brain, and brain death is certain after 10 minutes without flow. The document then outlines the steps for performing CPR, including checking for danger and response, calling for help, opening the airway, checking breathing, giving chest compressions and breaths, and continuing until qualified help arrives. It provides details on proper hand positioning, compression depths for adults and children/infants

1. First Aid & Measures
Prepared By
Dr. Zuhair Rushdi Mustafa
Lecturer at University of Duhok/ College of
Nursing

2. Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest that
required Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
1.Electric shock
2. Drowning
6. Toxic -&
harmful gases
7.Suffocation
4. Heart attack
8. Trauma
5. Drugs overdose
9. Sever allergic
reactions
3. Foreign-body airway obstruction

3. Reaction Time Chance of brain damage if Oxygenated
blood flow does not reach to the brain
0 to 4 minutes-Brain damage begins
10 minutes-Brain death certain
Oxygenated
blood flow
must get to
brain

4. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR)
 Should be trained to perform this procedure
 If done improperly, could harm victim
 New CPR include:
• 30 Compressions + 2 Breaths
• For Everyone!

5. 1. Check for danger.
Emergency life support
for adults and children (CPR)
2. Check for response.
Speak loudly and clearly to the casualty.
Ask questions like ‘are you all right?’.
3. If there is no response, shout for help.
Do not leave the casualty.

6. 4. check for airway, if closed ,open airway (head
tilt/chin-lift)
5. Check for normal breathing. Look,
listen for 10 seconds, and feel.

7. 6. If breathing normally, place in the recovery position.
recovery position

8. RECOVERY POSITION
 Recovery position used for people who are
unconscious, or semiconscious, but are still
breathing.
 If there are spinal or neck injuries, do not
attempt to place the casualty in the recovery
position. 2

9. 7. If not breathing normally, start CPR with 30 chest compressions.
8. Open the airway again.

10. OPEN AİRWAY: JAW MANEUVER
JAW THRUST
 İn trauma patients
 İn this maneuver patients neck
is stable (should not move in
neck trauma)
 Open the jaw and lift the jaw
with two hands

11. 9. Give two rescue breaths.
IN
CHİLDREN
ORAL-ORAL
AND NASAL

12. 10. Continue with 30 compressions and two rescue
breaths until: Qualified help arrives to take over.

14. Depth of compressions
 Minimum depths of compressions:
 Adult minimum of 5 cm
 Child minimum of 5 cm
 Infant minimum of 4 cm
 Minimum depths help to ensure essential
blood flow during CPR.
 Compress on “centre” of chest between the
nipples
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15. Drowning victims
 NO change in rescue steps:
 Deliver 2 rescue breaths before
starting chest compressions
 If not successful, start CPR
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