method of removal of secretions from the lungs. patient need to learn an art of keeping their lungs free from secretions in chronic respiratory disorders like COPD, Asthma, Bronchiectasis, Cystic fibrosis.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed in the 1960s/80s in Europe to clear secretions from the lungs using controlled breathing and minimal coughing. It involves three phases - unsticking secretions with small breaths, collecting secretions in the middle airways with medium breaths, and evacuating secretions into the mouth with deep breaths to be spit out. Each phase takes 2-3 minutes for a total of 6-9 minutes. The technique aims to hear and feel secretions being moved up the airways with exhalation instead of coughing.
Coughing and huffing are techniques used to clear secretions from the lungs. Coughing involves a forceful expiration against a closed glottis, while huffing is expiration with an open glottis. Coughing generates higher pressures but can cause complications like bronchospasm, while huffing creates lower pressures but with less risk. Both techniques work in stages - coughing requires inspiration, glottis closure, building pressure, then opening; huffing is a forced expiration from mid to low lung volumes with an open glottis. Huffing can help clearance with less effort than coughing for some patients.
Autogenic drainage is an airway clearance technique that uses controlled breathing at varied lung volumes to help clear secretions from the smaller peripheral airways to the larger central airways. It involves three stages - loosening mucus in the small airways (unstick), collecting mucus from the middle airways (collect), and removing mucus from the central airways (evacuate). The technique generates shearing forces through expiratory airflow to mobilize and transport secretions. Autogenic drainage is particularly suited for people with chronic hypersecretory lung diseases like cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.
The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) uses three phases to loosen and clear airway secretions: breathing control to relax airways, thoracic expansion exercises to get air behind mucus, and huffing or forced expiratory techniques to force mucus out. It is effective for various respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. The technique involves deep breathing, held breaths, and controlled coughing or huffing in set cycles while maintaining proper posture. ACBT sessions typically last 10 minutes and are usually performed once or twice weekly but can be done more often if needed.
Exercise tolerance testing involves monitoring a patient's cardiovascular response to exercise by observing heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram. It is used to evaluate patients with suspected ischemic heart disease who have stable chest pain symptoms. The test follows standardized protocols that gradually increase workload and monitors the patient's physiological measures at set intervals during rest, exercise, and recovery periods. Contraindications and safety precautions are considered to ensure the test can be completed safely.
This document discusses various chest mobilization techniques used in physical therapy to improve chest wall mobility and ventilation. Some key techniques described include rib torsion, lateral stretching, and trunk rotation. Chest mobilization can help increase the length of intercostal muscles and improve biomechanics of chest movement. Specific exercises mentioned involve flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and trunk rotation while sitting. Counterrotation and butterfly techniques are also outlined to reduce neuromuscular tone and increase thoracic mobility. Controlled breathing can also be incorporated into walking exercises.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed in the 1960s/80s in Europe to clear secretions from the lungs using controlled breathing and minimal coughing. It involves three phases - unsticking secretions with small breaths, collecting secretions in the middle airways with medium breaths, and evacuating secretions into the mouth with deep breaths to be spit out. Each phase takes 2-3 minutes for a total of 6-9 minutes. The technique aims to hear and feel secretions being moved up the airways with exhalation instead of coughing.
Coughing and huffing are techniques used to clear secretions from the lungs. Coughing involves a forceful expiration against a closed glottis, while huffing is expiration with an open glottis. Coughing generates higher pressures but can cause complications like bronchospasm, while huffing creates lower pressures but with less risk. Both techniques work in stages - coughing requires inspiration, glottis closure, building pressure, then opening; huffing is a forced expiration from mid to low lung volumes with an open glottis. Huffing can help clearance with less effort than coughing for some patients.
Autogenic drainage is an airway clearance technique that uses controlled breathing at varied lung volumes to help clear secretions from the smaller peripheral airways to the larger central airways. It involves three stages - loosening mucus in the small airways (unstick), collecting mucus from the middle airways (collect), and removing mucus from the central airways (evacuate). The technique generates shearing forces through expiratory airflow to mobilize and transport secretions. Autogenic drainage is particularly suited for people with chronic hypersecretory lung diseases like cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.
The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) uses three phases to loosen and clear airway secretions: breathing control to relax airways, thoracic expansion exercises to get air behind mucus, and huffing or forced expiratory techniques to force mucus out. It is effective for various respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic bronchitis, and cystic fibrosis. The technique involves deep breathing, held breaths, and controlled coughing or huffing in set cycles while maintaining proper posture. ACBT sessions typically last 10 minutes and are usually performed once or twice weekly but can be done more often if needed.
Exercise tolerance testing involves monitoring a patient's cardiovascular response to exercise by observing heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram. It is used to evaluate patients with suspected ischemic heart disease who have stable chest pain symptoms. The test follows standardized protocols that gradually increase workload and monitors the patient's physiological measures at set intervals during rest, exercise, and recovery periods. Contraindications and safety precautions are considered to ensure the test can be completed safely.
This document discusses various chest mobilization techniques used in physical therapy to improve chest wall mobility and ventilation. Some key techniques described include rib torsion, lateral stretching, and trunk rotation. Chest mobilization can help increase the length of intercostal muscles and improve biomechanics of chest movement. Specific exercises mentioned involve flexion/extension, lateral flexion, and trunk rotation while sitting. Counterrotation and butterfly techniques are also outlined to reduce neuromuscular tone and increase thoracic mobility. Controlled breathing can also be incorporated into walking exercises.
The document discusses the Flutter device, which is used for airway clearance. The Flutter produces oscillatory positive expiratory pressure and can be used as an alternative to remove secretions from the airways. It works by vibrating the airways, intermittently increasing endobronchial pressure, and accelerating expiratory airflow. The Flutter is recommended for use three times per day for conditions like cystic fibrosis, emphysema, and bronchitis. It helps loosen and remove trapped mucus from the lungs.
Manual ventilation, or ‘bagging’, is the use of a manual resuscitator bag (MRB) for the ventilation of a patient via either a facemask or an endotracheal tube.
This document summarizes the role of physiotherapy in treating respiratory conditions. It discusses treatments to increase ventilation and oxygenation such as breathing exercises and positioning techniques. It also covers treatments to improve secretion clearance like postural drainage and cough techniques. Physiotherapy aims to improve patients' exercise tolerance through endurance training and uses electrotherapy to reduce pain.
Physiotherapy plays an important role both before and after cardiac surgery. Pre-operatively, physiotherapists teach breathing exercises to improve lung function and prevent postoperative complications. Post-operatively, physiotherapists prescribe deep breathing, coughing, and leg exercises to clear the lungs and prevent blood clots while also starting stretching exercises to maintain range of motion and prevent stiffness. Guidelines are provided for specific exercises and restrictions after cardiac surgery.
The document provides an overview of metabolic equivalents (METs), including:
- Definitions of METs and how they are used to quantify the intensity of physical activities.
- Clinical importance of METs in describing functional capacity and prescribing exercise intensities.
- Classification of activity intensities based on MET thresholds.
- How METs are calculated and converted and how they relate to functional capacity.
- Use of METs in cardiac rehabilitation to progress patients through levels of activity intensity.
- Limitations of MET measures including assumptions about energy expenditure.
Inspiratory Muscle Training or Respiratory Muscle Training or Ventilatory Muscle Training. IMT is the physiotherapy technique, with the help of different breathing exercises.
Neurophysiological Facilitation of Respiration is a treatment technique used for respiratory care of patients with unconscious or non-alert, and ventilated, and also with a neurological condition
NPF is the use of external proprioceptive and tactile stimuli that produce reflex respiratory movement responses and that increase the rate and depth of breathing
Application of PEP devices in Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy.
It includes types of PEP devices and their uses in physiotherapy..
It stands for positive expiratory pressure.
It includes spirometry, flutter, rc cornet, acapella, etc.
useful in various cardiorespiratory disorders like COPD, asthma , cystic fibrosis, respiratory failure etc.
The document discusses physiotherapy management techniques for ICU patients which include body positioning, mobilization, manual hyperinflation, suctioning, continuous rotational therapy, limb exercises, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises, inspiratory muscle training, and cough augmentation techniques like lung volume recruitment, manually assisted coughing, and insufflation-exsufflation devices. The goals of physiotherapy in the ICU are to optimize oxygen transport and cardiopulmonary function, maintain mobility and strength, and improve treatment outcomes by coordinating with other healthcare providers.
This document discusses pulsed electromagnetic energy (PEME) therapy. PEME uses non-thermal pulses of electromagnetic energy to stimulate tissues for therapeutic purposes. It can increase ATP production, alter cell membranes, decrease inflammation, and increase healing. PEME is used to treat neurological conditions like radiculopathies and neuropathies, musculoskeletal issues like fractures and strains, psychological disorders, and general wounds and sores. Contraindications include pregnancy, menstruation, metal implants and recent radiation therapy.
Breathing Exercise Rahul AP BPT,MPT (CRD&ICU) LIAHS KannurRahul Ap
The document discusses breathing exercises and ventilatory training for pulmonary conditions like COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Breathing exercises aim to improve ventilation, increase cough effectiveness, prevent postoperative complications, improve muscle strength and endurance, maintain chest mobility, and teach patients to manage dyspnea. Specific techniques covered include diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and segmental breathing exercises targeting different areas of the lungs. Precautions are outlined to avoid forced exhalation or prolonged expiration which could worsen symptoms.
This presentation is about positions used in postural drainage in various pulmonary disorders associated with prolonged bed rest, TBI, SCI, Covid 19, etc. This is only for education only.
The document discusses an exercise tolerance test (ETT), which evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to exercise. During an ETT, a patient exercises on a treadmill or stationary bike while their heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG are monitored. The intensity of exercise is gradually increased until the patient becomes fatigued. ETTs can detect conditions like coronary artery disease and help develop safe exercise programs by assessing how the heart responds to exertion under stress. The procedure, indications, contraindications, and conditions detected are outlined.
Joint mobilization and manipulation are passive techniques used by physiotherapists to increase range of motion (ROM) and decrease pain in joints. Mobilization involves small, rhythmic movements within a joint's available ROM, while manipulation is a sudden, forceful thrust beyond a patient's control. Both techniques work to move synovial fluid, maintain joint tissue extensibility, provide sensory input, and stimulate mechanoreceptors to reduce pain. Precautions are taken with patients having conditions like hypermobility, inflammation, or bone fractures.
The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is an easy to perform and practical test that has been used in the assessment of patients with a variety of cardiopulmonary diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It simply measures the distance that a patient can walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes.
Exercise testing provides diagnostic and prognostic information by evaluating an individual's capacity during physical exertion. Common tests include treadmill tests like the Bruce Protocol and submaximal tests like the 6-minute walk test. The Bruce Protocol progresses in stages of increasing speed and incline every 3 minutes on a treadmill to induce maximum exertion. The 6-minute walk test measures how far a patient can quickly walk on a flat, hard surface in 6 minutes to assess functional capacity. Both tests monitor vital signs and symptoms to evaluate cardiovascular and pulmonary function and identify abnormalities during exercise.
Physiotherapy management for Bronchiectasis Sunil kumar
The document discusses physiotherapy treatment for bronchiectasis. The goals of treatment include maximizing quality of life and function by educating patients about self-management of their condition and optimizing secretion clearance, ventilation, lung volumes, and exercise capacity. Treatment involves monitoring patients and administering medication before physiotherapy sessions. The primary interventions include aerobic and strengthening exercises, breathing techniques, coughing maneuvers, airway clearance, and education to support long-term self-management.
Relaxation positions for breathelessness patientsSREEJESH R
This document discusses relaxation positions that can help patients with breathing difficulties. It begins by explaining the basic principle that certain positions can optimize the length-tension relationship of the diaphragm and facilitate breathing. It then provides examples of positions for obstructive lung conditions like leaning forward while sitting or standing, and positions for restrictive lung conditions like sitting upright or in high side-lying. Examples are given for each type of position. The document concludes by mentioning forward kneeling as a position that can help breathless children.
This document provides an overview of the physiotherapy assessment of cardiac conditions. It discusses the importance of obtaining an accurate subjective and objective assessment in order to develop an appropriate treatment plan. The assessment includes gathering a patient history, performing objective measurements, inspecting the patient, palpating pulses and edema, auscultating heart sounds, and evaluating disability. Signs and symptoms associated with common cardiac conditions are reviewed. The grading of murmurs and scales to assess functions are also outlined.
Pulsed short wave diathermy (PSWD) interrupts continuous short wave diathermy output at regular intervals using electromagnetic pulses. The frequency remains 27.12 MHz but an inter-pulse interval of 20-40 ms is added. This reduces the average power by dispersing heat through circulation between pulses. PSWD is used to increase cellular activity, reduce inflammation and swelling, reabsorb hematomas, and accelerate the repair process in treatments lasting 15-60 minutes. Indications include relief of pain and inflammation and treatment of muscle and traumatic conditions. Contraindications include open wounds, metal implants, and conditions like pregnancy.
This document provides guidance on prescribing wheelchairs. It outlines the parts of a wheelchair, important considerations in evaluating patients, and goals of prescription. A proper evaluation involves medical history, physical exam, and functional assessment. Prescriptions are developed using tools like the SEAT checklist to address safety, comfort, and accommodation of needs over time. The goals of prescription include normalization of tone, improved function and mobility, and increased comfort and skin integrity.
The document traces the history and definitions of pulmonary rehabilitation from 1974 to 1999. It summarizes that in 1974 the ACCP first defined pulmonary rehabilitation, which was then included in the ATS's 1981 statement. In 1994 the NIH further formalized the definition, which the ATS later updated in 1999 to define pulmonary rehabilitation as a multidisciplinary program designed to optimize physical and social performance for those with chronic respiratory impairment.
The document discusses the Flutter device, which is used for airway clearance. The Flutter produces oscillatory positive expiratory pressure and can be used as an alternative to remove secretions from the airways. It works by vibrating the airways, intermittently increasing endobronchial pressure, and accelerating expiratory airflow. The Flutter is recommended for use three times per day for conditions like cystic fibrosis, emphysema, and bronchitis. It helps loosen and remove trapped mucus from the lungs.
Manual ventilation, or ‘bagging’, is the use of a manual resuscitator bag (MRB) for the ventilation of a patient via either a facemask or an endotracheal tube.
This document summarizes the role of physiotherapy in treating respiratory conditions. It discusses treatments to increase ventilation and oxygenation such as breathing exercises and positioning techniques. It also covers treatments to improve secretion clearance like postural drainage and cough techniques. Physiotherapy aims to improve patients' exercise tolerance through endurance training and uses electrotherapy to reduce pain.
Physiotherapy plays an important role both before and after cardiac surgery. Pre-operatively, physiotherapists teach breathing exercises to improve lung function and prevent postoperative complications. Post-operatively, physiotherapists prescribe deep breathing, coughing, and leg exercises to clear the lungs and prevent blood clots while also starting stretching exercises to maintain range of motion and prevent stiffness. Guidelines are provided for specific exercises and restrictions after cardiac surgery.
The document provides an overview of metabolic equivalents (METs), including:
- Definitions of METs and how they are used to quantify the intensity of physical activities.
- Clinical importance of METs in describing functional capacity and prescribing exercise intensities.
- Classification of activity intensities based on MET thresholds.
- How METs are calculated and converted and how they relate to functional capacity.
- Use of METs in cardiac rehabilitation to progress patients through levels of activity intensity.
- Limitations of MET measures including assumptions about energy expenditure.
Inspiratory Muscle Training or Respiratory Muscle Training or Ventilatory Muscle Training. IMT is the physiotherapy technique, with the help of different breathing exercises.
Neurophysiological Facilitation of Respiration is a treatment technique used for respiratory care of patients with unconscious or non-alert, and ventilated, and also with a neurological condition
NPF is the use of external proprioceptive and tactile stimuli that produce reflex respiratory movement responses and that increase the rate and depth of breathing
Application of PEP devices in Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy.
It includes types of PEP devices and their uses in physiotherapy..
It stands for positive expiratory pressure.
It includes spirometry, flutter, rc cornet, acapella, etc.
useful in various cardiorespiratory disorders like COPD, asthma , cystic fibrosis, respiratory failure etc.
The document discusses physiotherapy management techniques for ICU patients which include body positioning, mobilization, manual hyperinflation, suctioning, continuous rotational therapy, limb exercises, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises, inspiratory muscle training, and cough augmentation techniques like lung volume recruitment, manually assisted coughing, and insufflation-exsufflation devices. The goals of physiotherapy in the ICU are to optimize oxygen transport and cardiopulmonary function, maintain mobility and strength, and improve treatment outcomes by coordinating with other healthcare providers.
This document discusses pulsed electromagnetic energy (PEME) therapy. PEME uses non-thermal pulses of electromagnetic energy to stimulate tissues for therapeutic purposes. It can increase ATP production, alter cell membranes, decrease inflammation, and increase healing. PEME is used to treat neurological conditions like radiculopathies and neuropathies, musculoskeletal issues like fractures and strains, psychological disorders, and general wounds and sores. Contraindications include pregnancy, menstruation, metal implants and recent radiation therapy.
Breathing Exercise Rahul AP BPT,MPT (CRD&ICU) LIAHS KannurRahul Ap
The document discusses breathing exercises and ventilatory training for pulmonary conditions like COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Breathing exercises aim to improve ventilation, increase cough effectiveness, prevent postoperative complications, improve muscle strength and endurance, maintain chest mobility, and teach patients to manage dyspnea. Specific techniques covered include diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and segmental breathing exercises targeting different areas of the lungs. Precautions are outlined to avoid forced exhalation or prolonged expiration which could worsen symptoms.
This presentation is about positions used in postural drainage in various pulmonary disorders associated with prolonged bed rest, TBI, SCI, Covid 19, etc. This is only for education only.
The document discusses an exercise tolerance test (ETT), which evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to exercise. During an ETT, a patient exercises on a treadmill or stationary bike while their heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG are monitored. The intensity of exercise is gradually increased until the patient becomes fatigued. ETTs can detect conditions like coronary artery disease and help develop safe exercise programs by assessing how the heart responds to exertion under stress. The procedure, indications, contraindications, and conditions detected are outlined.
Joint mobilization and manipulation are passive techniques used by physiotherapists to increase range of motion (ROM) and decrease pain in joints. Mobilization involves small, rhythmic movements within a joint's available ROM, while manipulation is a sudden, forceful thrust beyond a patient's control. Both techniques work to move synovial fluid, maintain joint tissue extensibility, provide sensory input, and stimulate mechanoreceptors to reduce pain. Precautions are taken with patients having conditions like hypermobility, inflammation, or bone fractures.
The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is an easy to perform and practical test that has been used in the assessment of patients with a variety of cardiopulmonary diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It simply measures the distance that a patient can walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes.
Exercise testing provides diagnostic and prognostic information by evaluating an individual's capacity during physical exertion. Common tests include treadmill tests like the Bruce Protocol and submaximal tests like the 6-minute walk test. The Bruce Protocol progresses in stages of increasing speed and incline every 3 minutes on a treadmill to induce maximum exertion. The 6-minute walk test measures how far a patient can quickly walk on a flat, hard surface in 6 minutes to assess functional capacity. Both tests monitor vital signs and symptoms to evaluate cardiovascular and pulmonary function and identify abnormalities during exercise.
Physiotherapy management for Bronchiectasis Sunil kumar
The document discusses physiotherapy treatment for bronchiectasis. The goals of treatment include maximizing quality of life and function by educating patients about self-management of their condition and optimizing secretion clearance, ventilation, lung volumes, and exercise capacity. Treatment involves monitoring patients and administering medication before physiotherapy sessions. The primary interventions include aerobic and strengthening exercises, breathing techniques, coughing maneuvers, airway clearance, and education to support long-term self-management.
Relaxation positions for breathelessness patientsSREEJESH R
This document discusses relaxation positions that can help patients with breathing difficulties. It begins by explaining the basic principle that certain positions can optimize the length-tension relationship of the diaphragm and facilitate breathing. It then provides examples of positions for obstructive lung conditions like leaning forward while sitting or standing, and positions for restrictive lung conditions like sitting upright or in high side-lying. Examples are given for each type of position. The document concludes by mentioning forward kneeling as a position that can help breathless children.
This document provides an overview of the physiotherapy assessment of cardiac conditions. It discusses the importance of obtaining an accurate subjective and objective assessment in order to develop an appropriate treatment plan. The assessment includes gathering a patient history, performing objective measurements, inspecting the patient, palpating pulses and edema, auscultating heart sounds, and evaluating disability. Signs and symptoms associated with common cardiac conditions are reviewed. The grading of murmurs and scales to assess functions are also outlined.
Pulsed short wave diathermy (PSWD) interrupts continuous short wave diathermy output at regular intervals using electromagnetic pulses. The frequency remains 27.12 MHz but an inter-pulse interval of 20-40 ms is added. This reduces the average power by dispersing heat through circulation between pulses. PSWD is used to increase cellular activity, reduce inflammation and swelling, reabsorb hematomas, and accelerate the repair process in treatments lasting 15-60 minutes. Indications include relief of pain and inflammation and treatment of muscle and traumatic conditions. Contraindications include open wounds, metal implants, and conditions like pregnancy.
This document provides guidance on prescribing wheelchairs. It outlines the parts of a wheelchair, important considerations in evaluating patients, and goals of prescription. A proper evaluation involves medical history, physical exam, and functional assessment. Prescriptions are developed using tools like the SEAT checklist to address safety, comfort, and accommodation of needs over time. The goals of prescription include normalization of tone, improved function and mobility, and increased comfort and skin integrity.
The document traces the history and definitions of pulmonary rehabilitation from 1974 to 1999. It summarizes that in 1974 the ACCP first defined pulmonary rehabilitation, which was then included in the ATS's 1981 statement. In 1994 the NIH further formalized the definition, which the ATS later updated in 1999 to define pulmonary rehabilitation as a multidisciplinary program designed to optimize physical and social performance for those with chronic respiratory impairment.
This document provides an overview of pulmonary rehabilitation. It defines pulmonary rehabilitation as a multidisciplinary program aimed at improving the physical and psychological condition of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The core components of pulmonary rehab include physical therapy, exercise training, education, and psychosocial support. Physical therapy techniques are used to improve breathing mechanics and reduce dyspnea. Supervised exercise training focuses on building endurance, strength, and functional capacity. Education empowers patients by teaching disease self-management. Psychosocial support addresses the emotional impacts of chronic lung disease. Research shows that pulmonary rehab improves quality of life and reduces symptoms, healthcare utilization, and mortality risk for patients with respiratory conditions like COPD.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive intervention program for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. It aims to reduce symptoms, optimize functional status, and improve quality of life through exercise training, education, psychosocial support, and promotion of long-term self-management. Key components include endurance training, strength training, respiratory muscle training, nutritional therapy, and management of anxiety and depression. Regular exercise is shown to improve exercise tolerance and reduce dyspnea.
1. Cardiac rehabilitation aims to optimize a cardiac patient's physical, psychological, and social functioning through medical, exercise, educational, and psychosocial interventions.
2. It is divided into 4 phases - the acute hospitalization phase focuses on early mobilization; phase 2 occurs post-discharge and focuses on health education and resuming activity; phase 3 incorporates ongoing education and exercise training; and phase 4 focuses on long-term lifestyle changes and monitoring.
3. Exercise prescription for cardiac patients follows general principles but is adjusted based on each patient's clinical status and risk factors. Intensity is progressed over time from low to moderate levels based on symptoms.
Glimpse of Cardiac rehabilitation for health care professionals to update themselves, with aim of helping people with or without disease. Focus on primary, secondary, tertiary prevention.
This document provides an overview of pulmonary rehabilitation. It begins by defining pulmonary rehabilitation and describing its goals. It then discusses the various components of pulmonary rehabilitation including education, exercise training, psychosocial support, nutritional counseling, and outcome assessment. The document outlines the pathophysiology targeted by pulmonary rehabilitation and reviews evidence on the benefits of the various components. It provides guidance from professional societies on elements like patient selection, setting, exercise prescription and duration. Overall, the document presents pulmonary rehabilitation as a multidisciplinary program aimed at improving the physical and psychological condition of patients with chronic respiratory diseases through exercise and other therapies.
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases to reduce symptoms, optimize function, and increase quality of life. It includes education, exercise training, nutritional counseling, and psychological support. Guidelines recommend PR programs include 20-30 sessions over 6-12 weeks with exercise 3 times per week. Exercise training, including endurance, strength, and respiratory muscle training provides benefits like increased exercise tolerance and quality of life. Nutritional interventions aim to address weight loss and malnutrition common in respiratory disease. Outcome is assessed using measures of symptoms, exercise capacity, quality of life, and nutritional status.
The document discusses various airway clearance techniques including active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT), autogenic drainage, percussion, and vibration/shaking. ACBT uses breathing control, deep breathing exercises, and huffing to loosen and clear secretions from the lungs. Autogenic drainage uses different breathing patterns at low, middle, and high lung volumes to mobilize mucus. Percussion and vibration techniques involve manual chest compressions timed with breathing to enhance mucus clearance. These techniques aim to improve lung ventilation, cough effectiveness, and clear secretions from the airways.
Autogenic Drainage (AD) is a breathing technique developed to clear secretions from the lungs. It involves 3 phases: 1) low volume breaths to mobilize peripheral secretions, 2) tidal volume breaths to collect middle airway mucus, and 3) large breaths and coughing to expectorate from the central airway. The technique aims to generate airflow through the lungs without airway collapse to loosen and transport secretions from small to large airways. It takes training to properly execute the varying breath volumes and coughs.
The document discusses various airway clearance techniques (ACTs) used to loosen and remove thick mucus from the lungs. It describes techniques like active cycle of breathing, thoracic expansion exercises, forced expiratory techniques, percussion, and positions. ACTs work by mobilizing secretions using breaths, coughing, and vibrations applied to the chest. Proper technique and regular implementation of ACTs can help clear airways and reduce disease symptoms and risks from conditions like cystic fibrosis or chronic lung disease. Contraindications include things like bronchospasm or inability to follow instructions.
This document discusses different coughing techniques used to clear secretions from the airways. It describes controlled coughing, huff coughing, quad coughing, and cascade coughing. Controlled coughing uses gentle force to loosen and expel mucus without constricting the airways. Huff coughing uses mini-coughs to move mucus from the lungs. Quad coughing assists patients unable to cough well by applying pressure to the abdomen during exhalation and coughing. Cascade coughing increases chest expansion and helps cough secretions during exhalation. Coughing helps clear secretions but can cause bronchospasm, changes in blood pressure, or loss of consciousness in some patients.
This document discusses various breathing techniques for patients with pulmonary disease. Inspiration is an active process caused by muscle contraction while expiration is typically passive caused by elastic recoil. Diaphragmatic breathing strengthens the diaphragm and decreases work of breathing. Pursed lip breathing controls shortness of breath by slowing breathing rate. Glossopharyngeal breathing forces extra air into the lungs using the throat and tongue muscles. Segmental and lateral costal breathing target specific lung areas.
The document discusses various breathing exercises and techniques. It describes the anatomy involved in breathing like the nose, trachea, diaphragm and lungs. It explains different types of breathing exercises like diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing and glossopharyngeal breathing. The goals, principles, guidelines for teaching and indications/contraindications of breathing exercises are provided. Resisted diaphragmatic breathing is also summarized.
Pranayama is a systematic exercise of respiration that strengthens the lungs, improves blood circulation, and promotes health and longevity. It involves controlling the entire breathing process and maintaining mental equilibrium. Regular practice can prevent diseases and calm the mind by reducing mental disturbances like anxiety. There are various types of pranayama techniques that involve manipulating inhalation, exhalation, and breath retention in different ways. Examples include Bhastrika, Kapalbhati, Bahya Pranayama, Agnisar, Ujjayee, Anulom Vilom, Bhramari, and Udgeeth. Each technique has specific methods and benefits such as improving digestion, strengthening respiratory organs, and enhancing meditation. P
The process that moves air in and out of the lungs called breathing or pulmonary ventilation.
Breathing is only one of the processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Breathing exercise enhance the respiratory system.
Improper breathing can upset the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
This document discusses breathing exercises and spirometry. It begins by describing normal breathing and how improper breathing can cause issues. It then discusses various breathing exercises like deep breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and pursed lip breathing. The document explains how these exercises can improve ventilation and lung function. It also provides guidance on teaching breathing exercises and using an incentive spirometer to prevent complications after surgery or illness. Overall, the document provides an overview of normal breathing and how different breathing exercises and spirometry can enhance respiratory health.
Care of patient with respiratory problemsjannet reena
Place one hand under the scapula and other hand over the posterior lower ribs
Ask the patient to breathe out and feel the rib cage move downward and inward
As the patient breathes out, apply gentle pressure inward and downward with both hands
Just before inspiration, apply a quick stretch to the chest wall by pushing the hands posteriorly
and superiorly
During inspiration, apply light resistance over the lower posterior ribs to encourage deep
breathing
Patient:
Can apply self resistance by placing hands over the posterior lower ribs during inspiration
Apical expansion
This is important for patients with upper lobe pneumonia, post thorac
Pranayama is the control of the flow of life force through breathing. There are various types of pranayama that have benefits for treating different health conditions like asthma, fever, hypertension. Pranayamas like anulom vilom and ujjayi help reduce blood pressure while sheetali and shitali help cool the body. Regular pranayama practice can increase longevity and provide benefits like relaxation, stress relief, improved organ function and immunity. Pranayama should be done following proper techniques in a calm environment for optimal health benefits.
Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared from your lungs by coughing or huffing. Clearing the airways may help decrease lung infections and improve lung function.
The document describes a 4-step breathing exercise involving inhaling and exhaling through the nose and mouth. The steps include: 1) inhaling through the mouth and exhaling through the mouth, 2) inhaling through the mouth and exhaling through the nose, 3) inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the nose, and 4) inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth. The entire cycle should be repeated 8 times while breathing in for 3 seconds and out for 3 seconds each.
This document discusses various methods of artificial respiration used to manually stimulate breathing in patients whose natural respiration has stopped. It describes techniques like Schafer's prone pressure method, Holger-Nielson's arm lift back pressure method, and Sylvester's arm lift chest pressure method. It also covers mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and instrumental methods that use machines to compress and release the chest, such as Drinker's negative pressure chamber method and Bragg Paul's rubber bag chest compression method. The goal of artificial respiration is to oxygenate the blood until the patient can resume natural breathing.
BREATHING EXERCISESAND ITS TYPES BY DR VANI FOR BPT STUDENTSMayuravani
This document provides information on different deep breathing exercises and their benefits. It describes proper belly breathing technique which involves lying on your back and allowing the belly to expand on inhalation. A straw breathing exercise is also outlined which conditions the diaphragm. A coordination exercise is presented involving controlled inhaling and exhaling. Some benefits of deep breathing mentioned are relaxation, reduced stress and pain, lower blood pressure, and reduced risk of heart attack.
Breathing exercises, also called ventilatory training, are fundamental interventions for patients with pulmonary diseases. They can improve ventilation, increase cough effectiveness, prevent postoperative complications, and more. There are various types of breathing exercises, including diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, and segmental breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on belly breathing to improve strength. Pursed lip breathing prolongs exhalation to slow breathing rate. Segmental breathing targets specific areas of the lungs that need more ventilation. Proper technique and positioning are important to teach patients how to correctly perform different breathing exercises.
An incentive spirometer is used in hospitals after surgery to measure lung airflow and volume and encourage deep breathing exercises. It works by having patients inhale slowly and deeply to raise a piston within the device. Deep breathing exercises help clear mucus from the lungs and airways to prevent complications like pneumonia, as patients may have shallow breathing after surgery due to pain. The document provides instructions on how to use an incentive spirometer and perform deep breathing exercises regularly after surgery.
This document discusses various breathing exercises including deep breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, box breathing, and mindful breathing. It provides the techniques and benefits of each type of breathing exercise. Deep breathing and diaphragmatic breathing aim to strengthen the diaphragm and relax the nervous system. Pursed lip breathing extends exhalation to slow respiratory rate. Box breathing combines deep breathing with a 4-count pattern. Mindful breathing focuses attention on present-moment breathing.
The document provides instruction on meditation techniques from the Himalayan tradition. It outlines 5 steps to meditation: 1) diaphragmatic breathing, 2) correct posture, 3) systematic relaxation, 4) breath awareness, and 5) use of a sacred mantra. It then provides detailed instructions on how to practice each step, including descriptions of asanas (body positions) and a 31-step meditation practice using the mantra "So-ham". The goal is to experience a merged stream of the mind, breath, and mantra without intruding thoughts.
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2. Who developed it?
" Self drainage" developed in Belgium in the late
1960's by Chevaillier (asthmatic patients). During
1980's utilized throughout Europe to treat patients
with retention of secretions.
3. What is AD?
Autogenic Drainage, or ‘AD’, is a breathing
technique that uses controlled breathing and
minimal coughing to clear secretions from your
chest. It involves hearing and feeling your
secretions as you breathe out and controlling the
desire to cough until secretions are high up and
easily reached with minimal effort.
4. How to Perform it?
Begin with some gentle relaxed breaths known as
breathing control.
Take a very slow deep breath in through your nose, to
your absolute maximum possible.
Pause at the end of the full breath with your mouth
slightly open and count for 3-4 seconds. Start by sitting in
a comfortable upright position.
Breathe out through your mouth. This should be active
(you can feel your tummy muscles tighten) but should not
be forced.
You should listen and feel for secretions crackling as you
breath out Are the crackles at the beginning, middle or end
of your breath out? Beginning = high up in large tubes of
your chest
Middle = in the middle sized tubes
End = in the small tubes
5. 3 Phases of AD Technique
UNSTICK SECRETIONS - breathe as much air out of your
chest as you can then take a small breath in, using you
tummy, feeling your breath at the bottom of your chest.
You may hear secretions start to crackle. Resist any desire
to cough.
Repeat for at least 3 breaths.
COLLECT SECRETIONS - as the crackle of secretions
starts to get louder change to medium sized breaths in.
Feel the breaths more in the middle of your chest.
Repeat for at least 3 breaths.
EVACUATE SECRETIONS - when the crackles are louder
still, take long, slow, full breaths in to your absolute
maximum.
Repeat for at least 3 breaths.
7. Level One: "Unsticking" of mucus by low lung
level breathing. First, exhale completely; inhale a
small to normal breath. Hold the breath for 1-3
seconds, then exhale completely again. This step
is repeated for 1-3 minutes. Repeat until crackles
are heard when breathing out.
8. Level Two: "Collecting" the mucus in larger or
mid-sized airways. Take in a slightly larger
breath. Hold for 1-3 seconds, and then
exhale, but not as low as in level one. Repeat
this step for 1-3 minutes. Listen for crackles at
the end of exhaling. Continue for 2-3 more
breaths. Then proceed to level III.
9. Level Three: "Evacuating" the mucus in the
central airways is achieved by breathing at
normal to high volumes. Take in a slow deep
breath. Hold the breath for 1-3 seconds. Exhale
forcefully with open glottis. This moves the
mucus into your mouth. Then spit it out into a
container or tissue.
10. Each level requires about 2-3 minutes. The full
cycle takes 6-9 minutes. When mucus is felt in
the larger, central airways, do 2-3 effective "Huff"
type coughs. The Huff cough uses the mid to
high lung volumes of level III.
11. What not to do?
Try to stop yourself from coughing until the
last phase of AD when the secretions are
higher up, and are more ready to be coughed
up.
Try to relax with breathing control if you feel the
desire to cough or between cycles. AD breaths
are very gentle so you should not start to feel
tight or wheezy. AD should be done until your
sputum is cleared, or you need a rest.
15. Flutter
Developed in Switzerland, early 1990's.
The patient exhales into the device against a resistance
(5-20cmH2O) generated by a ball covering the opening
of an enclosed upward and widening cone. The
movement of the ball during expiration creates an
oscillating frequency between 8-26Hz
16. Theoretical Physiology
Incorporates- positive expiratory pressure
(adjusted by flow rate)
- oral high frequency oscillation (angle of
device)
- active breathing exercises.
Oscillating positive pressure prevents early
airway collapse. The rhythmic variation of airway
diameter and airflow promotes mucus
mobilization. Oscillation approximates the cilia
'beat' frequency of 12Hz.
17. Application
Instructions say practice 2-3 times daily for 3-10
minutes. Take a deep breath with a 2-3 second
hold then exhale fully adjusting the angle and
flowrate to attain optimal vibration. Perform 5-15
then increase the depth of breath and speed of
exhalation to precipitate cough and mucus
expectoration.
The Flutter can be incorporated into the ACBT
during the thoracic expansion phase, but is
difficult to combine with postural drainage.
Appears to be less effective than postural
drainage and manual techniques in large sputum
producers.
18. Indications
Retained secretions (particularly if sticky)
Patients seeking freedom from postural drainage
and assistance who prefer the upright posture for
treatment, or where postural drainage and/or
manual techniques are contra indicated.
Good for children, stimulates cough.
19. Precautions
Similar to those for PEP- untreated
pneumothorax, severe haemoptysis, facial
fractures/surgery, sinusitis or ear problems. Some
clients report early uncontrolled coughing
particularly in the presence of hyper-reactive
airways