Fineness test on cement
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Fineness is tells about the particle distribution of cement. Fineness of is cement expressed in terms of total surface area of unit weight of of cement. Tests 1) Sieve analysis ------->I.S.sieve NO.9 is used to test----->permissible limit for OPC is not more than 10% retained on I.S.SIEVE NO.9 2) Air permeability tests----->most commonly used in India is "BLAINE AIR PERMEABILITY TEST"
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Fineness test of Cement
1) The document describes a test conducted to determine the fineness of cement. Fineness is an important property that affects the rate of hydration and strength development.
2) The test involves sieving 100g samples of cement through a 90 micrometer sieve. The weight of residue retained on the sieve is measured and used to calculate the percentage fineness.
3) The results of tests on three cement samples showed average fineness of 94.07%, indicating good quality cement. Proper procedure and precautions were followed to ensure accurate results.
Shrinkage of concrete
The document discusses the different types of shrinkage that can occur in concrete, including plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, and carbonation shrinkage. Plastic shrinkage causes cracks on the surface of fresh concrete due to evaporation before setting. Drying shrinkage is defined as the contraction of hardened concrete from the loss of capillary water, which can lead to cracking, warping, and deflection without any external loading. In summary, the document outlines the main types of volume changes and shrinkage that concrete undergoes both during the plastic and hardened states.
Durability of concrete
Concrete permeability is a key factor in its durability. Permeability is affected by water-cement ratio, with lower ratios producing less permeable concrete. Curing also impacts permeability. Proper curing, including moist curing, produces less permeable concrete. Permeability testing involves measuring water flow through a sample over time under pressure. Sulfate attack can occur when sulfates penetrate permeable concrete and form expansive compounds that crack the material. Resistance to sulfates is improved with lower permeability concrete.
Fresh Concrete
Fresh Concrete: Process of Manufacturing, Transportation, Laying, mixing, Curing & Properties of Fresh Concrete
Flow test of concrete
This document describes a flow test conducted to measure the workability of concrete. The test involves filling a slump cone with concrete, raising the cone to allow the concrete to spread across a flow table, and dropping the table 15 times. The average diameter of the spread concrete is then measured. The student conducted the test and found the average diameter was 565mm, within the acceptable range of 400-650mm for flowing concrete. The flow test is concluded to be a useful method for measuring the workability of high-slump concrete in both lab and field settings.
Properties of fresh and Hardened Concrete
The document discusses various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It describes workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, mixing, placing, consolidating, and curing of fresh concrete. It also discusses compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability, and durability of hardened concrete. The key properties of fresh concrete include workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, setting time, and uniformity. Compressive strength is identified as the most important property of hardened concrete.
How to determine Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement?
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/initial-and-final-setting-time-of-cement/
During Construction using concrete, cement paste, mortar certain time is required for mixing, transportation, placing, compacting and finishing. During this time concrete, mortar, cement paste should be in plastic condition and should not harden and it is mandatory that one should use the concrete before it starts to loose its plasticity. So How should someone know how long is concrete workable? and How much travel time is permitted for concrete?
Well its Setting time that tells us how long concrete is going to be workable. Now the question is What is Setting Time of Cement?
Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete
1. The document discusses the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, including workability, strength, permeability, and durability.
2. Workability of fresh concrete refers to the effort required to mix and place the concrete without segregation. It is measured by tests like slump.
3. Compressive strength is an important property of hardened concrete, as concrete is designed to resist compressive loads. Strength depends on factors like water-cement ratio and compaction.
4. Permeability and durability are also important properties, as permeability affects how easily substances like water or salts can pass through concrete. Low permeability leads to higher durability.
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Fineness test of Cement
1) The document describes a test conducted to determine the fineness of cement. Fineness is an important property that affects the rate of hydration and strength development.
2) The test involves sieving 100g samples of cement through a 90 micrometer sieve. The weight of residue retained on the sieve is measured and used to calculate the percentage fineness.
3) The results of tests on three cement samples showed average fineness of 94.07%, indicating good quality cement. Proper procedure and precautions were followed to ensure accurate results.
Shrinkage of concrete
The document discusses the different types of shrinkage that can occur in concrete, including plastic shrinkage, drying shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, and carbonation shrinkage. Plastic shrinkage causes cracks on the surface of fresh concrete due to evaporation before setting. Drying shrinkage is defined as the contraction of hardened concrete from the loss of capillary water, which can lead to cracking, warping, and deflection without any external loading. In summary, the document outlines the main types of volume changes and shrinkage that concrete undergoes both during the plastic and hardened states.
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Concrete permeability is a key factor in its durability. Permeability is affected by water-cement ratio, with lower ratios producing less permeable concrete. Curing also impacts permeability. Proper curing, including moist curing, produces less permeable concrete. Permeability testing involves measuring water flow through a sample over time under pressure. Sulfate attack can occur when sulfates penetrate permeable concrete and form expansive compounds that crack the material. Resistance to sulfates is improved with lower permeability concrete.
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This document describes a flow test conducted to measure the workability of concrete. The test involves filling a slump cone with concrete, raising the cone to allow the concrete to spread across a flow table, and dropping the table 15 times. The average diameter of the spread concrete is then measured. The student conducted the test and found the average diameter was 565mm, within the acceptable range of 400-650mm for flowing concrete. The flow test is concluded to be a useful method for measuring the workability of high-slump concrete in both lab and field settings.
Properties of fresh and Hardened Concrete
The document discusses various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It describes workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, mixing, placing, consolidating, and curing of fresh concrete. It also discusses compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability, and durability of hardened concrete. The key properties of fresh concrete include workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, setting time, and uniformity. Compressive strength is identified as the most important property of hardened concrete.
How to determine Initial and Final Setting Time of Cement?
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/initial-and-final-setting-time-of-cement/
During Construction using concrete, cement paste, mortar certain time is required for mixing, transportation, placing, compacting and finishing. During this time concrete, mortar, cement paste should be in plastic condition and should not harden and it is mandatory that one should use the concrete before it starts to loose its plasticity. So How should someone know how long is concrete workable? and How much travel time is permitted for concrete?
Well its Setting time that tells us how long concrete is going to be workable. Now the question is What is Setting Time of Cement?
Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete
1. The document discusses the properties of fresh and hardened concrete, including workability, strength, permeability, and durability.
2. Workability of fresh concrete refers to the effort required to mix and place the concrete without segregation. It is measured by tests like slump.
3. Compressive strength is an important property of hardened concrete, as concrete is designed to resist compressive loads. Strength depends on factors like water-cement ratio and compaction.
4. Permeability and durability are also important properties, as permeability affects how easily substances like water or salts can pass through concrete. Low permeability leads to higher durability.
Aggregates of Concrete
Aggregates make up 65-80% of concrete's volume and are inert fillers that float in the cement paste. Their characteristics impact the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. Aggregates are classified based on size, specific gravity, availability, shape, and texture. Proper aggregate grading leads to a dense, strong concrete mixture. The fineness modulus is a number that indicates an aggregate's grading, and the flakiness index measures elongated particles. Well-graded aggregates with low elongation produce high quality concrete.
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This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
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This document provides information on various tests conducted on aggregates that are used in construction. It describes the aggregate abrasion value test, which determines the abrasion resistance and hardness of aggregates. It also summarizes the aggregate impact value test, which evaluates the resistance of aggregates to shocks and impacts, and the aggregate crushing value test, which determines the resistance of aggregates to crushing under gradually applied compressive loads. Finally, it outlines the procedure to determine the specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates.
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The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
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The document describes the standard Proctor compaction test procedure. The test is used to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of soils. It involves compacting soil samples at incrementally increased moisture contents using a specified compaction method. A compaction curve is plotted showing the relationship between dry density and moisture content. The peak of the curve indicates the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density achieved for that soil. The test uses a cylindrical metal mold, rammer, balance, oven and other equipment to compact and analyze the soil samples according to steps that sieve, mix, compact and weigh the soil at different moistures.
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2. testing of cement ppt
The document describes 7 different tests conducted on cement:
1. Field testing examines the cement's appearance, texture, and behavior when mixed with water.
2. The standard consistency test determines the percentage of water needed to achieve a standardized consistency for cement paste.
3. The fineness test evaluates the particle size distribution of cement, with finer particles offering a greater surface area for hydration.
4. The soundness test ensures cement does not expand after setting, which could indicate excess lime causing unsoundness.
5. The strength test measures the compressive strength of cement mortar mixtures at various ages (3, 7, 28 days).
6. The heat of hydration test examines the heat released
Creep and shrinkage
This document discusses creep and shrinkage in concrete structures. It defines creep as time-dependent deformations of concrete under load, and shrinkage as shortening of concrete due to drying that is independent of applied loads. Factors that affect creep include concrete mix proportions, aggregate properties, age at loading, curing conditions, cement properties, temperature, and stress level. Factors that affect shrinkage include drying conditions, time, and water-cement ratio. The document also discusses types of shrinkage such as plastic, drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkages. It outlines effects of creep and shrinkage on structures and methods to prevent shrinkage.
Concrete
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requirement of mix design and casting of test cubes – removing cubes from moulds and
curing for strength tests; bar-bending equipments and preparation of reinforcement for
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Sand Replacement Method
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Description
Determine the unit weight of natural soil in place.
Stages
Determination of sand filling the cone
Determination bulk unit weight of sand
Determination bulk unit weight of natural soil
Procedure
Determining the weight of sand filling the cone
Sand passing through a 600µ sieve and retained over 300µ sieve is used.
Pouring cylinder attached over pouring cone is placed over level ground and completely filled with sand and weighed
The weight of sand + cylinder before pouring =푤_1
Now place the cylinder on the glass plate and open the shutter allow the sand to run out. Weigh the sand collected on the glass plate. This is the weight of sand filling pouring cone.
The weight of sand in pouring cone =푤_푐표푛푒
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring on the glass =푤_2
The weight of sand in pouring cone =푤_푐표푛푒=푤_1−푤_2
Determination of bulk unit weight of sand
Determine the volume of the calibrated container (V)
Filled the pouring cylinder with weight 푤_1 again. Now placed over calibrating container and open the shutter, permit the sand to run into calibrating cylinder. When no further movement of sand is seen, close the shutter. Remove the pouring cylinder and weigh it.
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring into calibrated cylinder =푤_3
The weight of sand filling calibrated cylinder (푤_푐푐 )=푤_1−(푤_푐표푛푒+푤_3 ")"
Determination of bulk unit weight of natural soil
Exposed about 45 cm square area of the soil and trim it down to a level surface.
Keep the metal tray on the level surface and excavate a circular hole of 10 cm diameter and 15 cm depth.
The weight of excavated soil =푤^′
Remove the tray, and placed the sand pouring cylinder over the hole, the cylinder should have sand of weight 푤_1.
Open the shutter and permit the sand to run into the hole. Close the shutter when no movement of the sand seen.
Remove the cylinder and weigh the sand pouring cylinder.
The weight of sand +cylinder after pouring into hole =푤_4
The weight of sand in the hole 〖(푤〗_ℎ표푙푒)=푤_1−(푤_4+푤_푐표푛푒)
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLink
5 Must Know Types of Concrete Testing for Civil Engineers
The five concrete tests explained in the article are basic and must do. The tests methods, procedures, relevant code are mentioned. Workability test, temperature test, setting time test, compressive strength test, permeability test.
Underwater concrete
This document discusses underwater concrete, including its production, placement methods, and quality control. It notes that underwater concrete must have proper mix design and flowability to consolidate under its own weight without vibration. The main placement methods described are tremie, pump, toggle bags, and bagwork. Quality control includes monitoring placement rate and volume. Common issues with underwater concrete include cement washout, laitance, and segregation, which mix design and proper placement seek to prevent.
Non destructive testing in concrete
Non-destructive testing methods like rebound hammer testing and pulse velocity testing can evaluate properties of hardened concrete like strength and homogeneity without damaging the structure. Rebound hammer testing involves measuring the rebound of an elastic mass from the concrete surface, which relates to hardness and compressive strength. Pulse velocity testing uses transducers to transmit and receive ultrasonic pulses through the concrete, and the pulse velocity relates to properties like elastic modulus and presence of flaws. Both are useful for quality control, condition assessment of existing structures, and estimating concrete strength.
The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume as Partial Re...
Concrete is the most important engineering
material and the addition of some other materials may change
the properties of concrete. With increase in trend towards the
wider use of concrete for prestressed concrete and high rise
buildings there is a growing demand of concrete with higher
compressive strength. Mineral additions which are also
known as mineral admixtures have been used with cements
for many years. Silica fume particles are 100 times smaller
than the average cement particle. Its handling and disposal is
a point of concern because of the environment concerns. Silica
fume is usually categorized as a supplementary cementitious
material. These materials exhibit pozzolanic properties,
cementitious properties and a combination of both properties.
Due to these properties, it can affect the concrete behavior in
many ways. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
use silica fume as a supplementary material for cement and to
evaluate the limit of replacement of cement for M20 grade
concrete. The main aim of this work is to study the
mechanical properties of M20 grade control concrete and
silica fume concrete with different percentages (5, 10, 15 and
20%) of silica fume as a partial replacement of cement.
Concreate technology
1) The fineness of cement affects the rate of hydration and strength development, with finer cement providing a greater surface area for faster hydration.
2) Cement fineness is tested through sieving and air permeability methods to determine particle size distribution and specific surface area.
3) The standard consistency test determines the amount of water required to produce a cement paste that allows a Vicat plunger to penetrate 33-35mm, which is then used to test initial and final setting times of cement.
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Concrete Mix Design
This document provides information on concrete mix design, including objectives, basic considerations, and the IS (Indian Standards) method for mix design. The objectives of mix design are to achieve the desired workability, strength, durability, and cost. Basic considerations include cost, specifications, workability, strength, durability, and aggregate grading. The IS method is then described in steps, including selecting target strength, water-cement ratio, air content, water and sand contents, cement content, and aggregate contents. An example application of the IS method is also provided.
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This document provides information on various tests conducted on aggregates that are used in construction. It describes the aggregate abrasion value test, which determines the abrasion resistance and hardness of aggregates. It also summarizes the aggregate impact value test, which evaluates the resistance of aggregates to shocks and impacts, and the aggregate crushing value test, which determines the resistance of aggregates to crushing under gradually applied compressive loads. Finally, it outlines the procedure to determine the specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates.
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Hardened Concrete
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.
Fresh concrete
This document discusses fresh concrete and factors that affect its workability. It describes workability as the ease with which concrete can be mixed, placed, and compacted. Key factors that influence workability include water content, aggregate size and shape, admixtures, aggregate surface texture, and aggregate grading. Common tests to measure workability are the slump test, compacting factor test, and VeeBee consistometer test. The document also covers segregation and bleeding of concrete, their causes, and methods to prevent them.
Testing of hardened concrete
1. The document discusses various destructive and non-destructive testing methods for measuring the properties of hardened concrete. 2. Destructive tests include cube tests to determine compressive strength and split-cylinder or flexural tests to determine tensile strength. 3. Non-destructive tests discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, penetration resistance testing, pull-out testing, and using a profometer.
Proctor compaction test
The document describes the standard Proctor compaction test procedure. The test is used to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of soils. It involves compacting soil samples at incrementally increased moisture contents using a specified compaction method. A compaction curve is plotted showing the relationship between dry density and moisture content. The peak of the curve indicates the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density achieved for that soil. The test uses a cylindrical metal mold, rammer, balance, oven and other equipment to compact and analyze the soil samples according to steps that sieve, mix, compact and weigh the soil at different moistures.
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Water content
Specific gravity
In-situ density
Particle size
Consistency
Relative Density
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how concrete gets manufactured.....its the best way to explain students about manufacture of concrete
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This document describes procedures for testing the compressive strength of concrete cubes. Compressive strength is the maximum load a material can withstand before crushing. The test involves applying an increasing compressive load to molded concrete cubes until failure. Cubes are cured for 7 or 28 days before testing. The compressive strength is calculated by dividing the maximum load by the cross-sectional area of the cube.
Durability of concrete
This document discusses quality control and durability factors in concrete. It defines quality as conformance to requirements and durability as a concrete's ability to resist deterioration when exposed to the environment. Several factors influence concrete durability, including the materials used, water-cement ratio, compaction, curing and the physical and chemical conditions of the service environment. Common durability issues include corrosion, cracking from sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, and carbonation reducing alkalinity. Proper quality control of materials and construction processes is needed to produce durable concrete.
Concrete testing
Testing concrete samples is the primary method to verify that concrete meets specifications. Strength is tested by crushing samples like cubes or cylinders. Precision of testing refers to the consistency of results between replicate tests. There are various failure modes in compression testing depending on the sample shape, with cubes more affected by lateral restraint at the platens which can increase the apparent strength. Cylinders have a ratio of height to width that reduces this effect.
2. testing of cement ppt
The document describes 7 different tests conducted on cement:
1. Field testing examines the cement's appearance, texture, and behavior when mixed with water.
2. The standard consistency test determines the percentage of water needed to achieve a standardized consistency for cement paste.
3. The fineness test evaluates the particle size distribution of cement, with finer particles offering a greater surface area for hydration.
4. The soundness test ensures cement does not expand after setting, which could indicate excess lime causing unsoundness.
5. The strength test measures the compressive strength of cement mortar mixtures at various ages (3, 7, 28 days).
6. The heat of hydration test examines the heat released
Creep and shrinkage
This document discusses creep and shrinkage in concrete structures. It defines creep as time-dependent deformations of concrete under load, and shrinkage as shortening of concrete due to drying that is independent of applied loads. Factors that affect creep include concrete mix proportions, aggregate properties, age at loading, curing conditions, cement properties, temperature, and stress level. Factors that affect shrinkage include drying conditions, time, and water-cement ratio. The document also discusses types of shrinkage such as plastic, drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkages. It outlines effects of creep and shrinkage on structures and methods to prevent shrinkage.
Concrete
Concrete Construction: Batching of mixes; casting process, compaction and curing;
requirement of mix design and casting of test cubes – removing cubes from moulds and
curing for strength tests; bar-bending equipments and preparation of reinforcement for
R C C works
Sand Replacement Method
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Description
Determine the unit weight of natural soil in place.
Stages
Determination of sand filling the cone
Determination bulk unit weight of sand
Determination bulk unit weight of natural soil
Procedure
Determining the weight of sand filling the cone
Sand passing through a 600µ sieve and retained over 300µ sieve is used.
Pouring cylinder attached over pouring cone is placed over level ground and completely filled with sand and weighed
The weight of sand + cylinder before pouring =푤_1
Now place the cylinder on the glass plate and open the shutter allow the sand to run out. Weigh the sand collected on the glass plate. This is the weight of sand filling pouring cone.
The weight of sand in pouring cone =푤_푐표푛푒
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring on the glass =푤_2
The weight of sand in pouring cone =푤_푐표푛푒=푤_1−푤_2
Determination of bulk unit weight of sand
Determine the volume of the calibrated container (V)
Filled the pouring cylinder with weight 푤_1 again. Now placed over calibrating container and open the shutter, permit the sand to run into calibrating cylinder. When no further movement of sand is seen, close the shutter. Remove the pouring cylinder and weigh it.
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring into calibrated cylinder =푤_3
The weight of sand filling calibrated cylinder (푤_푐푐 )=푤_1−(푤_푐표푛푒+푤_3 ")"
Determination of bulk unit weight of natural soil
Exposed about 45 cm square area of the soil and trim it down to a level surface.
Keep the metal tray on the level surface and excavate a circular hole of 10 cm diameter and 15 cm depth.
The weight of excavated soil =푤^′
Remove the tray, and placed the sand pouring cylinder over the hole, the cylinder should have sand of weight 푤_1.
Open the shutter and permit the sand to run into the hole. Close the shutter when no movement of the sand seen.
Remove the cylinder and weigh the sand pouring cylinder.
The weight of sand +cylinder after pouring into hole =푤_4
The weight of sand in the hole 〖(푤〗_ℎ표푙푒)=푤_1−(푤_4+푤_푐표푛푒)
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLink
5 Must Know Types of Concrete Testing for Civil Engineers
The five concrete tests explained in the article are basic and must do. The tests methods, procedures, relevant code are mentioned. Workability test, temperature test, setting time test, compressive strength test, permeability test.
Underwater concrete
This document discusses underwater concrete, including its production, placement methods, and quality control. It notes that underwater concrete must have proper mix design and flowability to consolidate under its own weight without vibration. The main placement methods described are tremie, pump, toggle bags, and bagwork. Quality control includes monitoring placement rate and volume. Common issues with underwater concrete include cement washout, laitance, and segregation, which mix design and proper placement seek to prevent.
Non destructive testing in concrete
Non-destructive testing methods like rebound hammer testing and pulse velocity testing can evaluate properties of hardened concrete like strength and homogeneity without damaging the structure. Rebound hammer testing involves measuring the rebound of an elastic mass from the concrete surface, which relates to hardness and compressive strength. Pulse velocity testing uses transducers to transmit and receive ultrasonic pulses through the concrete, and the pulse velocity relates to properties like elastic modulus and presence of flaws. Both are useful for quality control, condition assessment of existing structures, and estimating concrete strength.
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The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume as Partial Re...
Concrete is the most important engineering
material and the addition of some other materials may change
the properties of concrete. With increase in trend towards the
wider use of concrete for prestressed concrete and high rise
buildings there is a growing demand of concrete with higher
compressive strength. Mineral additions which are also
known as mineral admixtures have been used with cements
for many years. Silica fume particles are 100 times smaller
than the average cement particle. Its handling and disposal is
a point of concern because of the environment concerns. Silica
fume is usually categorized as a supplementary cementitious
material. These materials exhibit pozzolanic properties,
cementitious properties and a combination of both properties.
Due to these properties, it can affect the concrete behavior in
many ways. In the present work, an attempt has been made to
use silica fume as a supplementary material for cement and to
evaluate the limit of replacement of cement for M20 grade
concrete. The main aim of this work is to study the
mechanical properties of M20 grade control concrete and
silica fume concrete with different percentages (5, 10, 15 and
20%) of silica fume as a partial replacement of cement.
Concreate technology
1) The fineness of cement affects the rate of hydration and strength development, with finer cement providing a greater surface area for faster hydration.
2) Cement fineness is tested through sieving and air permeability methods to determine particle size distribution and specific surface area.
3) The standard consistency test determines the amount of water required to produce a cement paste that allows a Vicat plunger to penetrate 33-35mm, which is then used to test initial and final setting times of cement.
Horizontal sieving machine
The document describes a project to design and construct a horizontal sieving machine. It includes an introduction describing sieving and its uses. It outlines the objectives, materials used, tools used in the methodology. It describes the working mechanism, provides photos from construction, and concludes that the project provided learning and was essential for the pharmacy department. It encountered some problems during construction but overall achieved learning objectives and completing the project.
Ujikaji saiz bijian
This document describes procedures for determining the grain size distribution of a soil sample through sieve analysis. The objectives are to classify soil and predict groundwater movement. The process involves sieving soil samples using various sieve sizes, weighing the material retained on each sieve, and calculating percentages to obtain a grain size distribution curve. Uniformity and grading coefficients are also determined based on percentages passing specific sieve sizes. The data obtained are then used to classify the soil and understand its permeability.
Standard consistency
The basic aim is to find out the water content required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency as specified by the IS: 4031 (Part 4) – 1988. The principle is that standard consistency of cement is that consistency at which the Vicat plunger penetrates to a point 5-7mm from the bottom of Vicat mould.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE SHEAR CAPACITY OF RC ...
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING, ANALYSIS AND VALIDATION OF THE SHEAR CAPACITY OF RC ...Md. Shahadat Hossain
The document presents research on modeling and analyzing the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams made with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Finite element models were created in ANSYS for plain reinforced concrete beams and SFRC beams. The models were validated against experimental test results. The following were found:
1) Experimental testing showed that the shear strength of beams increased by about 25%, 29%, and 18% for SFRC with steel fibers having aspect ratios of 40, 60, and 80, respectively, compared to plain reinforced concrete beams.
2) Finite element models created in ANSYS using solid elements for the concrete and link elements for reinforcement correlated well with experimental load-deflection curves and failure modes.
3) TheSeparating Mixtures
A collection of images that demonstrate everyday uses of separation in the home, indistry and laboratory. Used for Year 7 Science class at Hawkesdale P12 College.
Finite ElementAnalysis of Doubly Curved Thin Concrete Shells
thin shell is a “Three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved surfaces whose
thickness is small compared to their other dimensions”. Shells belong to the class of stressed skin structures which,
because of their geometry and small flexural rigidity of the skin, tend to carry loads primarily by direct stresses acting in
their plane. The shells are subjected to pure membrane state of stress, under appropriate loading and boundary
condition the resulting bending and twisting moments are either zero or small which may be neglected. The coordinates
of funicular shells are determined by masonry mould method by developing a computer program. In this study doubly
curved thin shells are analysed using finite element software SAP 2000. Doubly curved shells which are in square plan
having 10mX10m and 15mX15m are considered and shells in rectangular plan having dimensions 10mX15m
and 15mX20m are considered. The behavior of shells under self-weight, live load varying from 0-20KN/m (UDL) is
obtained. In this case study deflection curves, membrane stress and stress contour diagram are obtained. It is observed
that with the increase in rise and thickness of funicular shell the deflection are reduced. The membrane stresses
decreases with the increase in rise and thickness of concrete funicular shell. The aim of this study is to develop shells of
different sizes and investigation is done on the shells by finite element analysis under given uniformly distributed load,
to find out the behavior of shells in various cases using standard software, Structural Analysis Package (SAP 2000).
Experimental and Analytical Investigation on Strength Properties of Concrete ...
The experiment work carried out by micro silica as a supplementary material for cement and evaluate
cement for M20 grade of concrete. We are adding 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement in concrete. The
material chosen for structural up gradation should not pollute the environment. They should be accessible to the
ordinary people and low monetary cost. Coconut fibre is abundant, versatile, renewable, cheap and more resistant
thermal conductivity. Coconut fibres have the highest toughness amongst natural fibre. They have potential to be used
as reinforcement in low cost concrete structures, especially in tropical earth quake region. The aim of investigation is
study the possibilities to use coconut fibre in addition to other constituents of concrete and strength properties. The
influence of 1%, 2% and 3% fibre content by mass of cement and aspect ratio 125, fibre cut length 2.80cm is
investigated. To evaluate the effect of coconut fibres improving the properties of concrete.At 1% addition of coconut
fibre, 5% silica fume with water cement ratio 0.53. compressive strength test and split tensile strength gives best result
in concrete.
Experimental and FE Analysis of Funicular Shells
Shells belong to the class of stressed skin
structures which, because of their geometry and small
flexural rigidity, tend to carry loads primarily by direct
stresses acting in their plane. Concrete funicular shells of
square ground plan, double curvature with 80 mm rise are
analysed for uniformly distributed load (One-way action).
Specimens of size 1080 mm x 1080 mm in plan with
rectangular edge beam of 50 mm x 40 mm are prepared
using cement concrete of grade M20 for which the mix
design is carried by Indian Standard method. The
precasting of the Concrete shallow funicular shell
specimens is carried by masonry mould method. The
specimens are prepared with thickness of 25 mm and 20
mm. The specimens are moist cured for 28 days before
testing. The uniformly distributed load over the shell
specimen is applied and the corresponding deflections,
strains are measured. The coordinates of funicular shells
are determined by developing a computer program. To
relate experimental results to theory, the finite element
technique (SAP 2000 Program) is utilized to analyse a
similar model in the elastic range. Finite element models
of funicular shells are developed by discretizing the shell
specimens into 20 elements along x direction and 20
elements along y direction. Behaviour of funicular shells
under uniformly distributed load is carried out.
Conclusions are made by comparing the experimental and
analytical results.
Rebound Hammer Test-priciple,procedure,cons&pros.....
The rebound hammer test is one of the non-destructive tests used to check the compressive strength of concrete
Sieve analysis test of sand (video version check https://www.youtube.com/watc...
Sieve analysis test of sand (video version check https://www.youtube.com/watc...John G. Luwalaga (P.E, A.M.ASCE, MEngCivil, MPH)
This document describes the sieve analysis test of sand. The test involves sieving various sizes of sand particles through a series of sieves and calculating the percentage of sand retained on each sieve. This determines the particle size distribution. Well graded sand has a wide range of particle sizes, uniformly graded sand has similar sized particles, and gap graded sand is missing some sizes. The test procedure, equipment used, and results/conclusions are explained.M.tech thesis
Following are some suggestions for future research. As GFRSCC technology is now being adopted in many ountries throughout the world, in the absence of suitable standardized test methods it is necessary to examine the existing test methods and identify or, when necessary, develop test methods suitable for acceptance as international Standards. Such test methods have to be capable of a rapid and reliable assessment of key
properties of fresh SCC on a construction site. At the same time, the testing equipment should be reliable, easily portable and inexpensive. The test procedure should be carried
out by a single operator and the test results have to be interpreted with a minimum of
training. Also, the results have to define and specify different GFRSCC mixes. One
primary application of these test methods would be in verification of compliance on sites
and in concrete production plants, if self- compacting concrete could be manufactured in
large quantities..
Disseration M.Tech
This dissertation aims to explore the values of multi-agent systems (MAS) and demonstrate their benefits for IT projects. It discusses challenges that cause many projects to exceed time and budgets. The research methodology includes literature reviews, developing and evaluating a MAS using tools like INGENIAS and JADE, and analyzing case studies. Metrics are identified to measure agent qualities. Evaluation methods include theory-assisted and tool-assisted approaches. Results show MAS can help deliver projects on time and within budget but require an appropriate development approach rather than traditional object-oriented methods. A global solution is needed to address common MAS implementation issues.
Grain size analysis
This document provides information on sieve analysis testing of soils based on IS 2720 Part 4. It discusses the objectives of classification of soils, coefficient of curvature, uniformity coefficient, and fineness modulus. Sieve analysis is used to determine gradation of soils, mix design proportions, and filter design. The test involves sieving soil samples through a series of sieves and weighing the material retained on each sieve. Calculations are made to determine coefficients and fineness modulus.
Construction material cement
Compiled by : FD Architects Forum
Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment
Bhawani Singh Road
C-scheme , Jaipur -302001
Rajasthan ( INDIA)
Ph. 91-0141-6693948
Email: architect@frontdesk.co.in
Web : http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Introduction to Non Destructive Testing
This presentation gives an information about Introduction to non destructive testing covering the syllabus of Non Destructive testing
seminar on BASALT FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
This document is a seminar report submitted by Jerin Johnson to the University of Calicut in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. The report provides a review of basalt fiber reinforced concrete, including the properties, production process, advantages, and applications of basalt fiber and basalt fiber reinforced concrete. The report finds that basalt fiber reinforced concrete offers benefits like light weight, good fire resistance, and strength. Basalt fiber is produced from basalt rock through an extrusion process and has properties making it a viable alternative to other reinforcing fibers like steel, glass, and carbon fibers in concrete applications.
Cement testing
1. The document provides a detailed overview of cement chemistry and manufacturing processes. It covers the history of cement and key developments.
2. The main manufacturing processes - wet, dry suspension, and dry preheater processes - are described. The preheater system used to preheat raw materials is explained in detail.
3. The key cement minerals C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF are defined in terms of their chemical formulas and roles in cement hydration and strength development. Their properties and crystal structures are also summarized.
M.tech thesis
Following are some suggestions for future research. As GFRSCC technology is now being adopted in many countries throughout the world, in the absence of suitable
standardized test methods it is necessary to examine the existing test methods and identify or, when necessary, develop test methods suitable for acceptance as International Standards. Such test methods have to be capable of a rapid and reliable assessment of key
properties of fresh SCC on a construction site. At the same time, the testing equipment should be reliable, easily portable and inexpensive. The test procedure should be carried out by a single operator and the test results have to be interpreted with a minimum of training. Also, the results have to define and specify different GFRSCC mixes. One primary application of these test methods would be in verification of compliance on sites and in concrete production plants, if self- compacting concrete could be manufactured in large quantities..
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Fineness test on cement
- 2. AIM To determine the fineness of cement as per indian standard sieving method.
- 3. APPARATUS 90 micron sieve, Cement sample, Weighing balance.
- 4. PROCEDURE: • Weigh correctly 100gm of cement and transfer it on indian standard sieve No 9 ( 90 micron ). • Break down the air-set lumps in the sample with fingers but don’t rub on the sieve .
- 5. Continuously sieve the sample by holding the sieve in both hands. The sieving should be continues for 15 min. Weigh the residue left sample after 15 min sieving.
- 6. RESULT Percentage of residue of cement sample by dry sieving is ____.
- 7. IS CODE The weigh of residue should not exceed 10% for OPC.
- 8. THANK YOU